大学英语全新版教案

Unit1GrowingUp

I.Teachingplan(5periods)

Objectives

Studentswillbeableto:

1)graspthemainideaandthestructureofthetext(narrationinchronologicalsequence)

2)appreciatethenarrativeskillsdemonstratedinthetext

3)masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext

4)conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeof

theunit.

Timeallotment

1)1stperiod:pre-reading;while-reading(textstructure,culturalnotes,languagepoints)

2)2ndperiod:while-reading(languagepoints)

3)3rdperiod:while-reading(languagepoints,grammaticalstructures)

4)4lhperiod:while-reading(grammaticalstructures;details;synonyms;coherence)Post-reading

(mainidea;exercises)

5)5thperiod:checkonstudent'shomereading(textB)post-reading(theme-relatedlanguage

learningtasks)

Pre-readingtasks

1)HaveyoulistenedtoJohnLennon'sBeautifulBoy(2minutes)

2)Theartofeatingspaghetti(15minutes)

3)TasksstudentssomequestionsandintroducetextA(8minutest)

While-readingtasks

1.Thegraspingthestructureofthetext:circleallthetimewords;textorganizationexercise2;

sumupthemainidea(15minutes)

2.Culturalbackground:explainingtheAmericangradeschoolsystemandhowteachersare

dressed.(3minutes)

3.ExplainlanguagepointsandgivesSspractice.(60minutes)

4.Explaingrammaticalstructures(25minutes)

5.Textanalysisandtheme-relatedlanguagelearningtasks(32minutes)

Post-readingtasks

1.Thinkalone:AccordingtoMr.Flcagle,whatistheessenceoftheessay?(5minutes)

2.Checkstudents'after-textexercisesandsolvesomecommonerrors(10minutes)

3.Checkstudent'shomereading(textB)(3minutes)

4.SsdoPartIV:Theme-relatedLanguageLearningTasksinclass(1period)

5.Askthestudents5topreparethenextunit(2minutes)

I.TextAnalysis

RussellBakerisverygoodatselectingdetails(seePartIVWritingStrategy)toprovehis

point.Forexample,inPara.2hecreatesanunfavorableimageofMr.Fleaglebydescribinghis

"formal,rigidandhopelesslyout-ofklate“eyeglasses,hairstyle,clothes,jaw,nose,andmannerof

speaking.

What'smore,RussellBakeremploysrepletionnotonlytomakeiteasyforreaderstofollow

whatheissaying,butalsotoimpressthemmoredeeply.Forexample,inPara.2,thereare9

prim'sorprimly'sinasfewas3sentences!Thusreaderswillhaveintheirmindavividpictureof

whatMr.Fleaglelookedlike.AnotherexampleofsuchrepetitioncanbefoundinPara.5.Count

howmanyIwanted^thereareinthisparagraph(thereare5!).TheyhelptoemphasizeRussell

Baker9sstrongdesiretowriteforhimself.

Ontheotherhand,wherethisstylisticdeviceisnotjustified,Bakerisalsoexpertinavoiding

repetitionbyemployingsynonymouswordsandphrases.Herearesomeexamples:

a.dull,lifeless,cheerless,tedious

b.turnout,write,compose,putdown

c.recapture,relive

d.topic,title

II.Culturalnotes

1.GradeschoolsintheUS.:Itisnecessarytohavesomeknowledgeofgradeschoolsinthe

U.S.becauseSshavetorealizethat“thethirdyearinhighschool"(para.1)equals”the

eleventhgrade”(para.9).U.S.studentsgenerallygothroughelementaryschools

(kindergartento5thor6thgrade),middleschools(grades6-8)orjuniorhighsschools(grades

7-9),andhighschools(grades9-12or10-12).

2.WhatAmericanteacherswearinschool:Nowadays,peopleintheU.S.lovetodress

causally.Evenamongthosecompanieswitharigiddresscodesomenowallowemployeesnot

towearsuitsonFridays.U.S.teacherswerefairlyformalclothestoschool,butnot

necessarilysuitsandties.Bowtiesareconsideredevenmoreold-fashionedthanties.

3.Spaghettiandtheproperwayofeatingit:SpaghettiistheItalian-stylethinnoodle,cooked

bboilingandservedwithsauce.Usuallyyouwouldputaforkintoaplateofspaghetti,turn

theforkseveraltimessothatspaghettiwillwindaroundthefork,thenplacetheforkintoyour

mouth.It'simpolitetosuck.

HI.LanguagePoints

1.offandon:adv.

Inanintermittentmanner:sleptoffandonlastnight.

2.possibility:Thefactorstateofbeingpossible.Somethingthatispossible.

Isitapossibilitythatyouwillworkabroad?

Thereisnopossibilityofhiscoming.

Thenewinventioncontainswonderfulpossibilities.

3.takehold:tostarttohaveaneffect

Thefeverwasbeginningtotakehold.

4.bore:Tomakewearybybeingdull,repetitive,ortedious:

Theplayboredus.

I'mboredwiththisjob.

Ifsboretolittlechildrenhavingtogotoschooleveryday.

5.associate:Toconnectorjointogether;combine;Toconnectinthemindorimagination

associateonethingwithanother

WeassociateChinawiththeGreetWall.

Whatdoyouassociatewithsuchaheavysnow?

6.assignment:apieceofworkthatisgiventoaparticularperson

receiveanassignment接收一项任务

Whatistoda/sassignmentinhistory?今天历史课指定的作'也是什么？

Hehasgotanewassignment.他得至lj一项新任命。

7.turnout:a.toshutoff:turnedoutthelights.

b.toarriveorassemble,asforapubliceventorentertainment:

Alargegroupofprotestershaveturnedout.

c.Toproduce,asbyamanufecturingprocess;make:anassemblylineturningoutcars.

d.Tobefoundtobe,asafterexperienceortrial:

Therookieturnedouttobethebesthitterontheteam.

e.Toendup;result:Thecaketurnedoutbeautifiilly.

f.Toequip;outfit:troopsthatwereturnedoutbeautifully.

g.InformalTogetoutofbed.

h.Toevict;expel:Thetenantswereturnedout.

8.agony:Thesufferingofintensephysicalormentalpain.

Hislastagonywasover.他临死的挣扎已经过去了。

Hewasinanagonyofremorse.他处于极端悔恨之中

beinagony苦恼不安

deathagony(=agonyofdeath)临死时的痛苦，垂死的挣孔

inagonyofpain在痛苦的挣扎中

inanagonyof处在极端…状态中

9.assign:a.Tosetapartforaparticularpurpose;designate.分派为某一特定目的分开；指派

b.Toselectforadutyoroffice;叩point.选派为某项任务或工作选派；委派

c.Togiveoutasatask;allot.作为任务分出；分配

d.Toascribe;attribute.归于；归属

beassignedtoanewpost被派到新的工作岗位

assignadayforameeting确定开会日期

assignpropertytoanother把财产转让给别人

assignone'sfailuretoidleness将失败归因于懒惰

assignhomework留家庭作业

10.anticipate:Toactinadvancesoastoprevent;forestall.Toforeseeandfulfillinadvance.

WeanticipategreatpleasurefromourvisittoLondon.我们期待伦敦之行过得非常愉快。

Weanticipatehearingfromyouagairu我们期待再接到你们的来信。

Weanticipatedourcompetitorsbygettingourproductsontothemarketfirst.

我们赶在竞争对手之前,先把产品推向市场。

ardentlyanticipate殷切地期望

confidentlyanticipate满怀信心地期望

anticipatesb.'sarrivalwithmuchpleasure万分高兴地期待某人的到来。

Amanwhoalwaysanticipateshisincomecanneversaveorbecomerich.

总是预支工资，寅吃卯粮的人，永远不能储蓄或成为富人。

Hetriedtoanticipateallmyneeds.他设法将我需要的东西预先准备好。

Expect,anticipate,hope,await

Theseverbsarerelatedinvariouswaystotheideaoflookingaheadtosomethinginthefuture.

Toexpectistolookforwardtothelikelyoccurrenceorappearanceofsomeoneorsomething:

Youcanexpectusforlunch.

你可以等我们一起吃午饭。

“WeshouldnotexpectsomethingfornothingbutwealldoandcallitHope^^(EdgarW.

Howe).“我们不应期待收获而不付出-相反我们应去做并称之为希望”(埃德加••何奥)。

Anticipateissometimesusedasasynonymofexpect,butusuallyitinvolvesmorethan

expectation.Sometimesitreferstotakingadvanceaction,astoforestallorpreventthe

occurrenceofsomethingexpectedortomeetawishorrequestbeforeitisarticulated:

<SKW>Anticipate有时被用作expect的同义词，但通常它不仅仅是期望这个意思，有时

它指提前采取行动，来阻止预料中某事的发生或在一项要求或愿望说出之前使它得到满

足：anticipatedtheattackandlockedthegates;预见会有袭击并锁上门；

anticipatingherdesires.预先满足她的愿望。

Thetenncanalsorefertohavingaforetasteofsomethingexpectedbeforeitsoccurrence:

这个词也指在预料中某物的出现前就已拥有：anticipatetrouble.过早陷入麻烦。

Tohopeistolookforwardwithdesireandusuallywithameasureofconfidenceinthe

likelihoodofgainingwhatisdesired:

Hope意思是热切期望并对获得所期待之物的可能性方面有一定的信心：

Ihopetoseeyousoon.我希望不久就见到你。

Hopeforthebest,butexpecttheworst做最大的希望，但也等待最大的失望。

Toawaitistowaitinexpectationof;itimpliescertainty:Await意思是满怀期望的等待；暗

含肯定性：eagerlyawaitingyourletter.热切等待你的来信。

11.tedious:Tiresomebyreasonoflength,slowness,ordullness;boring.

atediousstory冗长乏味的故事

tediouswork乏味的工作

boring,monotonous,tedious,irksome,tiresome,humdrum.

Theseadjectivesrefertowhatissolackingininterestastocausementalweariness.

Boringimpliesfeelingsoflistlessnessanddiscontent:

Ihadexpectedthebooktobeboring,butonthecontraryitwasfascinating.我本以为这本45

很乏味，但正好相反，它竟让人着迷。

Whatismonotonousboresbecauseoflackofvariety:表示monotonous的东西令人厌烦

是因为缺少变化：

“Thereisnothingsodesperatelymonotonousasthesea,,(JamesRussellLowell).“没有东西

更象大海一样单调到让人绝望了"(詹姆士・罗素•洛威尔)。

Tedioussuggestsdullslownessorlong-windcdness:Tedious说明令人乏味的缓慢或漫长的

曲折：Whenwetravelfromcoasttocoast,wetakeaplanetoavoidspendingtediousdayson

thetrain.当从一个海滨旅行到另•个海滨时，我们乘坐飞机以避免在火车上打发无聊时

光。

Irksomedescribeswhatisdemandingoftimeandeffortandyetisdullandoftenunrewarding:

Irksome指需要时间和努力，然而是单调而且通常是没有回报的：

“Iknowandfeelwhatanirksometaskthewritingoflonglettersis”(EdmundBurke)."我知

道也感到写长信是一件多么令人烦恼的任务”(埃德蒙•布克)。

Somethingtiresomefatiguesbecauseitseemstobeinterminableortobemarkedby

unremittingsameness:tiresome的东西令人厌倦是因为它看起来无穷无尽或毫无变化：

“Whatatiresomebeingisamanwhoisfondoftalking?(BenjaminJowett).”夸夸其谈的人

多么令人讨厌”(本杰明・乔维特)。

Humdrumreferstowhatiscommonplace,trivial,orunexcitinglyroutine:Humdrum指陈

腐、琐碎和无趣平凡的东西：

Sheledahumdrumexistence-allworkandnoplay.

她过着相当单调的生活——只有工作，没有玩乐。

12.reputation:Thegeneralestimationinwhichapersonisheldbythepublic;Thestateor

situationofbeingheldinhighesteem.;Aspecificcharacteristicortraitascribedtoapersonor

thing

amanofnoreputation默默无闻的人；没有声望的人

apersonofreputation有信誉的人，体面的人

buildupareputation博得名声

ablot[smirch,stain]onone*sreputation名誉」二的污点

haveagood[bad]reputation名誉好[坏]

haveareputationforsth.(=havethereputationof)因...而著名，以...闻名

liveuptoone'sreputation不负盛名;名副其实

lose[ruin]one'sreputation名誉扫地

makeanevilreputationfbroneself弄得声名狼藉

ofgreat[good,high]reputation很有声望的，享有盛名的

ofnoreputation声名狼藉的

ofreputation有名望的

13.inability:Lackofabilityormeans.

employmentinability无就业能力，失业

inabilitytobox丧失比赛能力

inabilitytodefendoneself没有自卫能力

14.inspire:Tofillwithenliveningorexaltingemotion:

inspireanewthoughtintosb.将新思想灌输给某人

inspiresb.withcourage鼓起某人的勇气

inspiresth.insb.使某人产生某种感情；激发某人的某种感情

inspiresb.withsth.使某人产生某种感情；激发某人的某种感情

osb.把某种思想灌输给某人

15.formal:Stifflyceremonious

aformalmanner;aformalgreeting;aformalbowtothemonarch.

16.rigid:Notflexibleorpliant;stiff.

rigidinone'sviews意志坚定

rigiddiscipline严格的训练

rigidadherencetorules严守规则

17.excessively:advToanadvancedorunusualdegree;extremely.过分地，过度地

"Besides,excessivelylargemassesofhumanbeingsworkinginasinglegiganticbuilding

overburdenpublictransportation."”此外，许许多多的人在一幢大楼里上班工作,加重了公共

交通的负担。"

18.outofdate:nolongeruseful,correctorfashionable

outofdatetheoriesoneducation

Theinformationinlastyear'stouristguideisalreadyoutofdate.

19.prim:Preciseorpropertothepointofaffectation;excessivelydecorous.一本正经的过于准

确或合适以致于造作的；过分端庄的

Thoseyoungladiesaremuchtooprimandpropertoenjoysucharudejoke.”为R几位年轻的

太太太拘谨和正经，不会喜欢这种粗俗的笑话。”

aprimgarden整洁的园子

primandproper一本正经的；循规蹈矩的

20.severe:Veryserious;graveorgrievous:severementalillness.

Severe,sternandstrict:Theseadjectivesmeanunsparingandexactingwithrespectto

disciplineorcontrol.<SKW>Severeimpliesadherencetorigorousstandardsorhigh

principles;thetermoftensuggeststheimpositionofharshconditions:

“Praiseorblamehasbutamomentaryeffectonthemanwhoseloveofbeautyintheabstract

makeshimaseverecriticonhisownworks,,（JohnKeats）.“赞扬或指责对这个人只有瞬间

效应，对抽象美的热爱使他对自己的作品严加批判（约翰•凯兹）。

Sternsuggestsunyieldingdisposition,uncompromisingresolution,orforbiddingappearance

ornature:Stem指强硬的处理、不妥协的决定或冷峻的外表或气质：

“thoughtherhusbandamanfatallysternandimplacable^^（GeorgeMeredith）.”认为她丈夫

是一个极端严厉而且毫不容情的人”（乔治・马里蒂斯）。

Strictmeansrequiringorshowingstringentobservanceofobligations,rules,orstandards:

有计划地克制…做…某事，没有别的理由只因你最好别做它"（威廉•杰姆森）。Strict

指要求或显示严格遵守义务、规则或标准：

“Hecouldnotbeseverenorevenpassablystrict”（W.H.Hudson）.

“他根本不能做到严厉，甚至连稍稍严格一点都做不到”（W.H.N哈德森）

21.comic:Characteristicoforhavingtodowithcomedy.Oforrelatingtocomicstrips.

Amusing;humorous:acomicsituationinvolvingthefamil/spets.

comicopera喜歌剧

comicrelief（悲剧中穿插的以宽松观众情绪的）喜剧性镜头

comicbook［美］连环图画杂志

comicpaper报纸的连环图画版

comicstrip连环图画

tragic（来自希腊语tragikos）.adj悲剧的;悲惨的;不幸的

atragicaccident不幸的事故

22.antique:Anobjecthavingspecialvaluebecauseofitsage,especiallyadomesticitemor

pieceoffurnitureorhandicraftesteemedforitsartistry,beauty,orperiodoforigin.

Theantiqueisafake.那古董是一件鹰品。

anantiquedealer古董商

old,ancient,archaic,antediluvian,obsolete,antique,antiquated

Theseadjectivesdescribewhatbelongstoordatesfromanearliertimeorperiod.<SKW>

Oldisthemostgeneralterm:

oldlace;

anoldsaying;

oldcolleagues;

anoldDutchpainting.

Ancientpertainstothedistantpast:

“thehills,/Rock-ribbed,andancientasthesun'XWilliamCullenBryant).

Archaicimpliesaveryremote,oftenprimitiveperiod:

anarchaicGreekbronzeoftheseventhcentutyb.c.

Hewasconvictedunderanarchaicstatutethathadneverbeenrepealed.

Antediluvianappliestowhatissooldandoutdatedthatitseemstobelongtotheperiod

precedingthebiblicalFlood:

livedinaramshackle,antediluviantenement;

“abranchofoneofyourantediluvianfamilies^^(WilliamCongreve).

Obsoleteindicatesthefactofhavingfallenintodisuse:

anobsoletecustom;

obsoletemethodsofresearch.

“Eithermanisobsoleteorwaris”(R.BuckminsterFuller).

Antiqueisappliedbothtowhatisveryoldandtowhatisespeciallyappreciatedorvalued

becauseofitsage:

“inhatofantiqueshape”(MatthewArnold).

ShecollectsantiqueFrenchfurnitureandporcelains.

Antiquateddescribeswhatisoutofdate,nolongerfashionable,ordiscredited:

“Noideaissoantiquatedthatitwasnotoncemodem.Noideaissomodemthatitwillnot

somedaybeantiquated'XEllenGlasgow).

23.tackle:trytodealwith;Totakeonandwrestlewith(anopponentoraproblem,fbrexample).

着手处理接受(比如一名对手或一个问题)的挑战并与之拼搏.

Everyonehashisproblemtotackle.每人都有一些问题要去解决。

Thepolicemantackledthethief.警察捕捉小偷。

tacklesb.about［on,over］sth.为某事与某人交涉，与某人坦率地谈谈某事

24.essay:Ashortliterarycompositiononasinglesubject,usuallypresentingthepersonalviewof

theauthor.

politicalessay政论文

essayquestion(与填充题、是非题相对而言的)问答题

makeanessaytoassistsb.试图帮助某人

25.distribute:Todeliverorpassout

distributebooksamongthestudents把书分给学生

bedistributedintothreeclasses分为三类

distributeseedsoverafield在田间播种

distribute...over...把…配给到［分配到，散布于］…

distributesth.to把某物分［配，发］给…

distributesth.among把某物分［配,发］给…

distribute,dispense,divide,allocate都含“分配”的意思。

distribute指“将某物分成一定的部分或数量，通常各份的数量不一定相等，然后分给某

些人或地方“，!W:distributeleaflets分发传单。

Inthe19thcenturythegovernmentdistributedlandtosettlerswillingtocultivateit.

Divideimpliesgivingoutportions,oftenequal,onthebasisofaplanorpurpose:在19世纪,

政府将土地分发给愿意耕种的定居者。

dispensestressesthecarefuldeterminationofportions,oftenaccordingtomeasurementor

weight:Dispense强调根据测理或称重对所分的份额，认真作出决定：dispensing

medication;配药；Dispense指“分配给一群人中每个人应得的份”，如：

Theydispensednewclothestothechildrenintheorphanage.

他们把新衣服发给孤儿院的小孩们。

divide指“把整体分为若干部分”，Divide表示根据计划或目的进行按份额分发，常是平

等的：如:

Theestatewillbedividedamongtheheirs.

divideitintotwo把它分成两份。

allocate指“分配一定数量的财物或任务给某些人、单位或事业等”，如：

Wefveallocatedasumofmoneytoeducation.我们J经拨出了一笔教育经费。

26.finally:最彳奏，最终

Shefinallyagreedwithme.她最终同意了我（的意见）。

Theirdisputehasnotfinallysettledyet.他们间的争端尚未最终解决。

不可改变地；决定性地

It'snotfinallysettledyet.那事尚未有决定性的解决。

atlast,intime,finally,intheend这几个词语者R有“终于”或“最后”的意思。

atlast强调久等之后

Whenthefirehadatlastbeenputout,theforestauthoritiesorderedseveraltonsofspecial

typeofgrass-seedwhichwouldgrowquickly.在火终于被扑灭的时候，森林管理局订购了

好几吨特殊速生草籽。

Whenthedentistatlastremovedthecottonwoolfrommymouth,Iwasabletotellhimthat

hehadpulledoutthewrongtooth.在牙科医生终于把药棉从我嘴中取出时，我才勉强地告

诉他说，他把牙拔错了。

AtlastfiremenhaveputoutabigforestfireinCalifornia.消防队员终于扑灭了加利福尼亚

洲的一场森林大火。

intime表示经过一段不定的时间之后

Intime,allSarrfsmoneywaspaidbackinthisway.山姆所有的钱终于都用这种办法归还

了。

Youwilllearnhowtodoitintime.这项工作你最终总能学会做的。

注:intime还有“及时”的意思

finally也表示久等之后，但有时表示在一系列因素的最后一个之后

Afterputtingitoffthreetimes,wefinallymanagedtohaveaholidayinGreece.

推迟了三次度假之后，我们终于在希腊度了假。

Weneedtoincreaseproductivity.Weneedtoreduceunemployment.Andfinally,weneedto

makeourexportscompetitiveonworldmarkets.我们需要增加生产率，减少失业率，最后

我们需要使我们的出口产品在国际市场上具有竞争力。

intheend和finally同义,但finally一般位于谓语前。这些词除finally之外,其他

三个都可以用在谓语前，也可位于谓语后

Intheend,westayathomeandlookaftereverything.最后，我们还是呆在家里照看着“

切。

Hetriedmanywaysofearning,intheendhebecameafarmlaborer.他试过许多谋生之道，

最后他做了农场工人。

27.faceupto:toacceptanddealwithanunpleasantfactorproblem大月日面向：

Shemustfaceuptothefactthatsheisnolongeryoung.她必须正视她已不再年轻这一事

实。

They911neverofferyouanotherjob;youmightaswellfaceuptoit.

28.scan:lookthroughquickly

scannedthemorningpaperswhileeatingbreakfast.吃早饭时浏览早.上的报纸

29.title:anamegiventoabook,film,etc.

thetitlesinapress'fallcatalog.出版社秋季出版计划中的书目

30.extraordinary:Beyondwhatisordinaryorusual:

extraordinaryauthority.

Highlyexceptional;remarkable:

anextraordinaryachievement.

amanofextraordinarystrength•位力气惊人的男子

PerhapsthemostextraordinarybuildingofthenineteenthcenturywastheCrystalPalace.

也许19世纪最不寻常的建筑物要算'水晶宫，了。

Whatanextraordinaryidea!多么离奇的想法！

31.sequence:Afollowingofonethingafteranother;succession.连续•件事接着另一件事；

连续

asequenceofbumperharvests连续的大丰收

inhistorical［alphabetical］sequence按历史［字母］顺序

thesequenceoftenses【语】时态的呼应

32.image:Onethatcloselyorexactlyresemblesanother;adouble

animageoftheVirginMary圣母玛丽亚像

seeone'simageinthemirror在镜中照见自己的形像

televisionimage电视图象

speakinimages讲话用比喻；说话形象化

thinkingintermsofimages形象思维

Heisthe(very)imageofhisfhther.他活象他的父亲。

Thepoliticianhasaverybadimageamongpeople.刃立政治家在人民中的形象彳艮差。

33.adult:afullygrownpersonforanimal

Hehasaveryadultmanneralthoughhe*sonly12.虽然他只有十二岁，他举止却很象大人。

34.humor:Anoftentemporarystateofmind;amood:

Pminnohumortoargue.

havenosenseofhumo(u)r缺乏幽默感

amanofhumo(u)r富有幽默感的人

blackhumo(u)r黑色幽默(60年代美国新兴的一个文学流派)

dryhumo(u)r绷着脸说笑话

Everymanhashishumo(u)匚［谚］各人有各人的脾气。

inabadhumo(u)r情绪不好，不高兴

inagoodhumo(u)r高兴，情绪很好

in(an)illhumo(u)r不高兴，情绪不佳

inthehumo(u)rfor有(做某事的)心情；高兴…；想…

outofhumo(u)i•情绪不佳，没兴趣

35.recall:bringbacktomind;remember;Toremember;recollect.

Recallthemiseryofthepastandcontrastitwiththehappinessoftoday.”想想过去的苦，比比

今天的甜。"

Themakershaverecalledalotofunsafecars.制造厂收回了许多不安全的车.

36.argument:Adiscussioninwhichdisagreementisexpressed;adebate.Aquarrel;adispute.

Itisbeyondargumentthat是无可争辩的，不容争辩的是…

Argument,dispute,controversy

Thesenounsdenotediscussioninvolvingconflictingpointsofview.

Argumentstressestheadvancementbyeachsideoffactsandreasonsbuttressingits

contentionandintendedtopersuadetheotherside:

Emotionsareseldomswayedbyargument.情绪很少受论证的影响。

Disputestressesdivisionofopinionbyitsimplicationofcontradictorypointsofviewand

oftenimpliesanimosity:

Dispute强调由于涉及相互矛盾的观点而导致意见上的分歧，常常暗含敌意：

Adisputearoseamongunionmembersaboutthetermsofthenewcontract.工会会员们在新

合同的条款方面产生争执。

Controversyisespeciallyapplicabletomajordifferencesofopinioninvolvinglargegroups

ofpeopleratherthanindividuals:<SKW>Controversy尤其用来指大批人，而非个别人在

观点上存在的分歧：

Theuseofnuclearpoweristhesubjectofwidespreadcontroversy.使用核武力是一个会引

起广泛争议的问题。

37.respectable:(ofbehavior,appearance,etc.)sociallyacceptable

arespectableteacher一位可敬的老师

arespectableappearance体面的外表

arespectableincome可观的收入

Heistoorespectableformytaste.那个人太高雅了，我不喜欢。

38.putdown:writedown

"Putitdowntomyaccount,please.”请记在我的帐上。

39.recapture:bringbackintothemind;experienceagain.

recaptureapositionfromtheenemy从敌人手中夺回阵地

recapturethepast回忆过去；使过去再现

40.relive:experienceagain,esp,inone'simagination

reliveone'slife重新生活

41.violate:actagainst

violatealaw犯法

violatesleep妨碍睡眠

violatesb.'sprivacy侵扰某人的安静；闯入私室

Thesoldiersviolatedthechurchbyusingitasastable.士兵们把教堂当马厩用而亵渎了它。

ThesoundofgunsviolatedtheusualcalmofSundaymorning.

炮声破坏了平常星期日早晨的宁静。

42.compose:writeorcreate(music,poetry,etc.);Tomakeuptheconstituentpartsof;constitute

orfonn:

anexhibitcomposedofFrenchpaintings;themanyethnicgroupsthatcomposeournation,

compose,consistof,comprise,constitute这组动词的♦般含义为"组成"或“构成

compose在表示"由...材料构成”时，见于被动语态；在用于主动语态时，一般它所

表示的“构成”或“组成”总包含着融合为一，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名

i司oConcreteiscomposedofcement,sandandgravelmixedwithwater.

混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。

England,ScotlandandWalescomposetheislandofGreatBritain.英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士

构成大不列颠岛。

Merefacts,badllystated,donotcomposeagoodbook.

仅仅有资料，如果陈述得很糟糕，并不能组成一本好书；

consistof的含义与被动语态的compose相同

Thoughthecostumeconsistsonlyofasheet,itwasveryeffective.

虽然那件化装服装仅由一条床单组成，但效果很好。

comprise在表示“构成”时，其内涵是“包括”或“覆盖”

Thesehousesdonotcomprisesallhisproperty.这些房产并没有构成他的全部财产。

Thecommitteecomprisesmenofwidelydifferentviews.这个委员会由见解甚为悬殊的人

组成。

constitute的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和特征

上，亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的

Thisgrowingpovertyinthemidstofgrowingpovertyconstitutesapermanentmenaceto

peace.在这种不断增长的贫困中正在增长着的贫困，构成了对和平的永久的威胁。

Sevendaysconstitutesaweek.七天构成•个星期。

43.turnin:a.Tohandin;giveover:turnedinthefinalexam.

b.Toinformonordeliver:Thecriminalturnedherselfin.

c.Toproduce:turnsinaconsistentperformanceeveryday.

d.Informal:Togotobed:Iturnedinearlylastnight.

44.command:a.Togiveorders.

b.Toexerciseauthorityorcontrolasorasifoneisacommander.

ageneralwhocommandsanarmy.指挥陆军的将军

Tohaveatone'sdisposal:由某人处置：

apersonwhocommandssevenlanguages.懂得七种语言的人

45.discipline:punishment,orderkept(amongschool-children)

labo(u)rdiscipline劳动纪律

militarydiscipline军纪.

bestrictindiscipline纪律严明

acommissionfordisciplineinspectionZ己律检查委员会

strictdiscipline严格的训练

beunderperfectdiscipline受着很好的训练

Heneedsalittlediscipline.他需略加惩戒。

Inlearningaforeignlanguage,questionandanswerdrillsaregooddisciplines.

学外语时，问答练习是很好的训练方法。

46.whafsmore:inaddition,moreimportantly

Thesedetergentsareenvironmentalfriendly,what'smore,theyarerelativelycheap.

47.contempt:Thestateofbeingdespisedordishonored;disgrace.

atouchofcontempt有点蔑视

feelcontemptforaliar对说谎者有轻蔑之感

Traitorshavealwaysbeentreatedwithcontempt.叛徒永被人们唾弃。

Shelivesincontempt.她在屈辱中生活。

Herefusedtoanswerincontemptoftherulesofthecourt.

他藐视法院规章，拒绝回答。

48.ridicule:Toexposetoridicule;makefunof.嘲弄使…受嘲笑；取笑

“Myfatherdiscouragedmebyridiculingmypcrfbrmances^CBcnjaminFranklin).

49.holdback:preventtheexpressionof(feeling,tears,etc.)

Thevillagersbuiltbanksofearthtoholdbackthefloodwaters.”村民们筑起土坝，防止洪水

泛滥。”

Noonecanholdbackthewheelofhistory.谁也无法阻止历史车轮的前进。

抑制(情感、情绪)(=holdin,keepback)

Thebosswasunabletoholdbackhisangeranylonger.(喻)老板再也抑制不住怒火了。

50.avoid:keeporgetawayfrom

Icrossedthestreettoavoidmeetinghim,buthesawmeandcamerunningtowardsme.

我横穿马路以便避开他，但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。

Toavoidconfusion,theteamsworedifferentcolors.为避免混淆,两队分穿不同颜色的衣服。

Apersonwithnephritismustavoidallexertion.肾炎病人必须避免做任何要用劲的事。

Youngladiesshouldlearntospendmoneycarefullyandavoidextravagance.

年青的妇女要学会花钱审慎小心，避免浪费。

Toavoidthecitycenter,wemayturnrighthereandtakethebelthighway.

从这里往右拐走环行道可以避开闹市中心。

51.demonstration:actofshowingorprovingsth.

peacedemonstrations.和平示威游行

52.career:a.Achosenpursuit;aprofessionoroccupation.

Mygrandfatherwasacare