2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷

2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷

II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA1．(★)StephenHawking：Science'sBrightestStarHisfamilyreleasedastatementintheearlyhoursofWednesdaymorningconfirminghisdeathathishomeinCambridge．

Hawking'schildren，Lucy，RobertandTim，saidinastatement："Wearedeeplysaddenedthatourbelovedfatherpassedawaytoday．Hewasagreatscientistandanextraordinaryman（1）workandlegacywillliveonformanyyears．"

Forfellowscientistsandlovedones，itwasHawking'sintuitionandwickedsenseofhumor（2）markedhimoutasmuchasthefierceintellectthat，coupledwithhisillness，cametosymbolize（3）unboundedpossibilitiesofthehumanmind．

HawkingwasdriventoWagner，butnotthebottle，whenhe（4）（diagnose）withmotorneuronediseasein1963attheageof21．Doctorsexpectedhim（5）（live）foronlytwomoreyears．ButHawkinghadaformofthediseasethatprogressedmoreslowlythanusual．Hesurvivedformorethanhalfacentury．

Hawkingonceestimatedheworkedonly1，000hoursduringhisthreeundergraduateyearsatOxford．Inhisfinals，hecameclose（6）afirst-andsecond-classdegree．（7）（convince）thathewasseenasadifficultstudent，hetoldhisexaminersthatiftheygavehimafirsthewouldmovetoCambridgetopursuehisphD．Awardasecondandhethreatenedtostay．Theyoptedforafirst．

Thosewholiveintheshadowofdeathareoftenthosewholivemost．ForHawking，theearlydiagnosisofhisterminaldisease，and（8）（witness）thedeathfromleukemiaofaboyheknewinhospital，arousedafreshsenseofpurpose．"（9）therewasacloudhangingovermyfuture，Ifound，tomysurprise，thatIwasenjoyinglifeinthepresentmorethanbefore．Ibegantomakeprogresswithmyresearch，"heoncesaid．Takinguphiscareerinearnest，hedeclared："Mygoalissimple．Itisacompleteunderstandingoftheuniverse，whyitis（10）itisandwhyitexistsatall．"

SectionB2．(★★★★)A．analysisB．usuallyC．assuresD．poursE．developmentF．necessary

G．cloudyH．absentI．cultivateJ．allowK．extremely2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷全文共10页，当前为第1页。Heiskindly2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷全文共10页，当前为第1页。TheothereveningatadancingclubayoungmanintroducedmetoMr．andMrs．F．ScottFitzgerald，andScottseemedtohavechangedalotfromthefirsttimeImethimatPrinceton，whenhewasaneagerundergraduatetryinghisbestto（1）himselfintoagreatauthor．Heisstilltryinghardtobeagreatauthor．Heisatworknowonanovelwhichhiswife（2）meisfarbetterthanThisSideofParadise，butlikemostofouryoungernovelistshefindsit（3）toproduceacertainnumberofshortstoriestomakethewheelsgoaround．ThatTheVegetable，hisplay，didnotreceiveaManhattanpresentationseemstohavedisappointedratherthandiscouragedhim．Heisstill（4）light-hearted．

Ihavealwaysconsideredhimthemostbrilliantofouryoungernovelists．Notoneofthemcantoughhisstyle，northesuperbqualityofhissatire（讽刺）．Hehasyettoputtheminanovelwithcarefulnessofconceptionand（5）ofcharacter．Hecanbecomealmostanykindofwriterthathispeculiarlyrestlesscharacterwill（6）．

BorninSt．Paul，heattendedPrinceton，servedintheArmy，wrotehisfirstnovelinatrainingcamp，achievedfameandfortune，marriedaSoutherngirl，hasachildandlivesinNewYork．Atheart，heisoneofthekindliestoftheyoungerwriters．ArtistrymeansagreatdealtoF．ScottFizgerald，andintohisownbestworkhe（7）greatefforts．Hedemandsthisintheworkofothers，andwhenhedoesnotfindithecriticizeswithpassionateearnestness．Ihaveknownhim，afterreadingayoungfellow-novelist'sbook，totakewhatmusthavebeenhoursoftimetowritehimalengthy，careful（8）．

Justwhathewillwriteinthefutureremains（9）．Withafirmerreputationthanthatoftheotheryoungpeople，heyetseemstometohaveachievedratherlessthanRobertNathanandrathermorethanStephenVincentBenet，CyrilHume．Hiscomingnovelshouldmeanadefinitepredictionforfuturework．Itistobehopedthatfromitwillbe（10）theseeminglyunavoidablemoderngirls．

III.ReadingComprehensionSectionA3．(★★)StandardsforSchools：DevelopingOrganizationalAccountability（绩效）2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷全文共10页，当前为第2页。Qualityteachingdependsonnotjustteacher'sknowledgeandskillsbutontheenvironmentinwhichtheywork．Schoolsneedtoofferacoherentcurriculumfocusedonhigher-orderthinkingandperformanceacrosssubjectareasandgrades，timeforteacherstowork（1）withstudentstoaccomplishchallenginggoals，opportunitiesforteacherstoplanwithandlearnfromoneanother，andregularoccasionstoevaluatetheoutcomesoftheir（2）．

Ifschoolsaretobecomemoreresponsible，theymust，likeotherprofessionalorganizations，makeevaluationandassessmentpartoftheireverydaylives．Justashospitalshavestandingcommitteesofstaffthatmeetregularlytolookatevaluationdataanddiscussthe（3）ofeachaspectoftheirwork-apracticereinforcedbytheiraccreditation（评定）requirements，-schoolsmusthaveregularoccasionstoexaminetheirpracticeandeffectiveness．

AsRichardRothsteinandcolleaguesdescribeinGradingEducation：GettingAccountabilityRight，school-levelaccountabilitycanbesupportedbyschool（4），likethosecommoninmanyothernations，inwhichtrainedexpertsevaluateschoolsbyspendingseveraldaysvisitingclassrooms，（5）samplesofstudentwork，andinterviewingstudentsabouttheirunderstandingandtheirexperiences，（6）lookingatobjectivedatasuchastestscores，graduationrates，andsoon．Insomecases，principalsaccompanytheinspectorsintoclassroomsandareaskedfortheirownevaluationsofthelessons．Inthisway，theinspectorsareabletomake（7）abouttheinstructionalandsupervisorycompetence（能力）forprincipals．Asdescribedearlier，inspectorsmayalsoplayaroleinensuringthe（8）andcomparabilityofschool-basedassessments（asinEnglandandAustralia），aswellasschool'sinternalassessmentandevaluationprocess（asinHongKong）．

Inmostcountries'inspectionsystems，schoolsareratedonthequalityofinstructionandotherservicesandsupports，aswellasstudents'（9）andprogressonawiderangeofaspects，includingandgoingbeyondacademicsubjectareas，suchasextra-curricular，personalandsocial（10），theacquisitionofworkplaceskillsandthe（11）towhichstudentsareencouragedtoadoptsafepracticesanda（12）lifestyle．Schoolsareratedastowhethertheypassinspection，needmodestimprovements，orrequireseriousintervention（介入），andtheyreceiveextensivefeedbackonwhattheinspectorsbothsawand（13）．Reportsarepubliclyposted．Schoolsrequiringinterventionarethengivenmoreexpert（14）andsupport，andareplacedonamorefrequentscheduleofvisits．Thosethatpersistentlyfailtopassmaybeplacedunderlocalgovernmentcontrolandcouldbe（15）iftheyarenotimproved．

2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷全文共10页，当前为第3页。2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷全文共10页，当前为第2页。2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷全文共10页，当前为第3页。（1）A．occasionallyB．closelyC．strictlyD．peacefully（2）A．challengesB．competenceC．curriculumD．practices（3）A．effectivenessB．faultsC．progressD．requirements（4）A．instructionB．protectionC．inspectionD．consideration（5）A．takingB．improvingC．examiningD．copying（6）A．asfarasB．ratherthanC．otherthanD．aswellas（7）A．judgmentsB．decisionsC．inquiriesD．suggestions（8）A．quantityB．qualityC．instructionD．support（9）A．educationB．performanceC．attentionD．interest（10）A．responsibilityB．structureC．resourcesD．benefits（11）A．frequencyB．consistenceC．satisfactionD．extent（12）A．comparableB．healthyC．differentD．unique（13）A．appreciatedB．criticizedC．recommendedD．rewarded（14）A．attentionB．programsC．evaluationD．explanations（15）A．setdownB．putdownC．closeddownD．pulleddown

SectionB4．(★★)EyeScanTechnologyComestoSchools2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷全文共10页，当前为第4页。ABCNews：ParentswhowanttopickuptheirkidsatschoolinoneNewJerseydistrictnowcansubmittoiris（虹膜）scans，asthetechnologythathelpskeepournation'sairportsandhotelssafebeginstomakeitswayfurtherintoAmericanlives．

Whenpickingupachild，theadultprovidesadriver'slicenseandthensubmitstoaneyescan．Iftheirisimagecamerarecognizeshisorhereyes，thedoorclicksopen．

TheFreeholdBoroughSchoolDistrictlaunchedthishigh-techsecuritysystemonMondaywithfundingfromtheDepartmentofJusticeaspartofastudyonthesystem'seffectiveness．

Asmanyasfouradultscanbeauthorizedtopickupeachchildinthedistrict，butinordertobeauthorizedtocomeintoschool，theywillbeaskedtoregisterwiththedistrict'sirisrecognitionsecurityandvisitormanagementsystem．Atthispoint，theNewJerseyprogramisnotamust．

Ifsomeonetriestoslipinbehindanauthorizedperson，thesystemcausesanalarmandredflashinglightsinthefrontoffice．Theentireprocesstakesjustseconds．

ThiskindoftechnologyisalreadyatworkinairportsaroundthecountrylikeOrlandoInternationalAirport，wheretheprogramhasbeeninoperationsinceJuly．Ithas12，000subscriberswhopay﹩79.95fortheconvenienceofsubmittingtoirisscansratherthangoingthroughlengthysecuritychecks．

Anirisscanissaidtobemoreaccuratethanafingerprintbecauseitrecords240uniquedetails-farmorethantheseventotwenty-fourdetailsthatareanalyzedinfingerprints．Thechancesofbeingmisidentifiedbyanirisscanareaboutonein1.2millionandjustonein1.44trillionifyouscanbotheyes．

PhilMeara，theFreeholdDistrictofficial，saidthatalthoughitwasexpensive，theprogramwouldhelpschoolsacrossthecountrymoveintoanewfrontierinchildprotection．"Thisisallpartofalargeremphasis，hereinNewJersey，onschoolsafety，"hesaid．"Wechosethisschoolbecausewewerelookingforatypicalslightlyurbanschooltolaunchthesystem．"

Mearaappliedfora﹩369，000grantonbehalfoftheschooldistrictandhadtheeyescannersinstalledintwogrammarschoolsandonemiddleschool．Sofar，300ofthenearly1，500individualsavailabletopickupastudentfromschoolhaveregisteredfortheeyescansystem．

（1）WhydoestheFreeholdBoroughSchoolDistrictadopttheeyescansecuritysystem？

A．Toensuretheschoolsafetyandefficiencyofpickingupchildren．

B．ToencouragemorestudentstoregisterinNewJerseyurbanschools．

C．Totesttheeffectivenessofschoolsecurityandmanagementsystem．

D．Tocollecttheinformationofthechildrenandtheirbelovedparents．

（2）Whatmakestheeyesansystemmoreaccuratethanthefingerprintsystem？

A．Processingthedataoftheauthorizedpeoplefaster．

B．Identifyingthedataoftheadultstopickupchildren．

C．Submittingthedataoftheauthorizedpeopleconveniently．

D．Providingfarmoreuniquedetailsoftheauthorizedones．

（3）HowdoesPhilMearahelptoprotectthesafetyofchildren？

A．Byaskingpeopletoregisterwiththesecuritysystem．

B．Byapplyingforgranttoinstalleyescannersinschools．

C．Byaskingthedepartmentofjusticetofundthisprogram．

D．ByturningtoOrlandoInternationalAirportforhelp．

（4）Theeyescansystemcanbebestdescribedas．

A．safeandcheap

B．portableanduseful

C．smartandaccurate

D．popularandhelpful2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷全文共10页，当前为第4页。5．(★★)SeniorManagerMajorGiftFundraising&SpecialProjects2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷全文共10页，当前为第5页。BlindVeteransUKisthenationalcharityhelpingblindex-servicemenandwomenleadindependentandfulfillinglives．Weofferblindveteransaccesstothehighestqualityofservicestohelpthemdiscoverlifebeyondsightloss．WehaveanexcitingopportunityforaninnovativeandresourcefulindividualtojoinourPartnershipsteambasedatourheadquartersinLondon．TheteamfocusesonsecuringdonationsfromHNWIs，TrustsandCompanies．ThisrolefocusesonsecuringsupportfromHNWIs．Thespecialprojectsaspectoftherolerelatestoannualactivitiesthatofferanopportunitytodeveloprelationshipswiththetargetaudience．

Wearelookingforanexperiencedindividualwithasoundtrackrecordinthefollowingareas：

•Identifyingprospectswiththecapacityandtendencytosupport

•Developingandimplementingcultivationandmarketingstrategies

•Managingadocumentofcurrentaswellasprospectivemajordonors

•Planninganddrivingpeertopeerfundraising

•Organizingpromotionevents

•Deliveringagainstapersonaltargetandteamtargets

Thesuccessfulcandidatewillalsohavesomepeoplemanagementexperienceandanexpertinmajorgiftfundraisingprocesseswillbeconsideredaspriority．

Inreturnforyourtalent，weoffercompetitiveconditionsofserviceandaconduciveenvironment．Toapply，pleasesendyouruptodateCVandSupportingStatementofnotmorethan500wordstoRecruitment．Ldn@blindveterans．org．uk，outlininghowyourskillsandexperiencemeetthepersonspecification．

Interviewdate：Weekstartingfrom26March2018

PleasenoteonlyapplicantswhosubmitaCVwithasupportingstatementwillbeconsidered．

Duetothehighnumberofenquiriesandapplicationswereceiveforourvacancieswedon'tacknowledgeeachone-ifyouhaven'theardfromuswithinaweekoftheclosingdate，pleaseassumethatwewon'tbeinvitingyouforaninterview．Youare，ofcourse，welcometotryagainifasuitablepostcomesup．Weareunabletoprovidefeedbacktocandidatesnotshortlistedforinterview．

（1）Thepassageismainlywrittento．

A．invitepeopletojointhefundraisingevents

B．seektherightpersontobeSeniorManager

C．informtheblindveteransofmoneyservice

D．attracttheinterestofpotentialdonors

（2）Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE？

A．Theapplicationfailsifoneisn'tinformedbefore26March．

B．Theapplicationshouldincludealengthypersonalstatement．

C．Alltheapplicantswillreceiveaninvitationbeforeinterview．

D．Theapplicantsshouldsendhisapplicationwhenheisfree．

2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷全文共10页，当前为第6页。（3）Whatexperienceismostlikelytohelpacandidatestandout？

A．Peoplemanagementexperience．

B．Annulactivitiesexperience．

C．Peertopeerfundraisingexperience．

D．Large-scalefundraisingexperience．2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷全文共10页，当前为第5页。2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷全文共10页，当前为第6页。2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷全文共10页，当前为第7页。6．(★★)Asbusinessesandgovernmentshavestruggledtounderstandtheso-calledmillennials-bornbetweenroughly1980and2000-onefrequentconclusionhasbeenthattheyhaveauniqueloveofcities．Adeep-seatedpreferencefornightlifeandsubways，thethinkinggoes，hasdriventheprosperityofurbancoresacrosstheU．S．overthelastdecade-plus．

Butthere'smountingevidencethatmillennials'loveofcitieswasonlyapassingfling（放纵）．Millennialsdon'tlovecitiesanymorethanpreviousgenerations．

ThelatestargumentcomesfromDowellMyers，anurbanplanningprofessoratUSC．Astheyage，saysMyers，millennials'presenceincities，will"beevaporating…throughourfingers，ifwedon'tmakesomeplansnow．"That'sbecausemillennials'preferenceforcitieswillfadeastheystartfamiliesandbecomemoreestablishedintheircareers．

It'saboutmorethanaging，though．DemographerWilliamFreyhasbeenarguingforyearsthatmillennialshavebecome‘stuck'incitiesbythe2008downturnandthefollowingslowrecovery，withpoorjobprospectsanddecliningwagesmakingitharderforthemtoaffordtobuyhomesinsuburbia．

Myers，too，saysobservershaveconfusedyoungpeople'spresenceincitieswithapreferenceforcities．Surveydatashowsthatmoremillennialswouldliketobelivinginthesuburbsthanactuallyare．Butthenormalcareerandfamilycyclesmovingyoungpeoplefromcitiesintosuburbanhouseshavebecome，inMyers'words，"apluggedupdrain．"

Butunemploymenthasfinallyreturnedtohealthylows（thoughparticipationratesandwagesarestilllargelydepressing），whichMyerssaysshouldfinallyincreasemobilityformillennials．

Othertrendsamongmillennials，supposedlymattersoflifestylepreference，havealreadyturnedouttohavebeendrivenmostlybyeconomics．Whatwasonceconsideredtheirbroadpreferenceforpublictransitmayhavealwaysbeenanow-reversinginabilitytoaffordcars．Evendecades-longtrendstowardsmarryinglaterhavebeenstressedastoday'syoungpeoplestruggleforfinancialstability．

Investorsarealreadytakingtheideathatmillennialswillreturntooldbehaviorpatternsseriously，puttingmoremoneyintoautomanufacturersanddevelopers．Buturbanlifestyles，uptoandincludingtrendybars，aren'tjustmodern-they'reapartofwhatpowersacity'seconomicengines，bringingpeopletogethertoexplorenewideas，createcompanies，andbuildcareers．

Fromthe1960stothe1990s，wesawthatsuburbanizationalsomeansaneconomicandsocialhollowingoutforcities．Nowthattheeconomicrestrictionsarecomingofftoday'syoungcityresidents，citiesthatwanttostayvibranthavetofigureouthowtoconvincethem-andtheirgrowingfamilies-tostickaround．

（1）Overthelastdecade，whatisthoughttohaveensuredtheprosperityofthecity？

A．Fasteconomicdevelopment．

B．Around-the-clockclubservices．

C．Convenientpublictransport．

D．Well-establishedcareers．

（2）WhyareMillennialsabouttoleavecity？

A．Itistooexpensiveforthemtobuyapartmentincities．

B．Theyfinditdifficultfortoseekagoodjobincities．

C．Itiseasiertogetmarriedmovingtothesuburban．

D．Theyaremoreconfidentwiththeireconomicsituation．

（3）WhatdoestheauthormeanquotingMyer's"apluggedupdrain"（para5）？

A．Millennialsarereluctanttoleaveattractivecities．

B．Millennialsarestoppedfrommovingtothesuburbs．

C．Millennialsareunwillingtobecutofffromthesuburban．

D．Millennialsareafraidofanothereconomicdecline．

（4）Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuburbanization？

A．signofstablefinance．

B．Agrowthofhealthissues．

C．Aconflictofnewideas．

D．Alossofmodernlife．2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷全文共10页，当前为第7页。

SectionC7．(★★)A．Someexpertsthinkthatthewealthgainedfromtradeallowedforsuchleisureinsportsandthearts．

B．Expertsbelievethatakingandmostlyafemalepriestruledthegovernmentandcontrolledtrade．

C．InancientGreekmyths，Minoansocietywasquiteprosperousandhighlycivilized．

D．ThepalacethatEvansunearthedacenturyagowasthefirstproofofMinoanculture．

E．Minoanculturedidn'texistbeforeuntilArthurEvansdiscoveredthepalaceundertheearth．

F．Althoughnotyetdecoded，writtenscriptonclaytabletsappearstolisttradeaccounts．TheMinoans：AForgottenPeople2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷全文共10页，当前为第8页。ThefirstadvancedcultureinancientGreecewastheMinoanculture．Forthousandsofyears，knowledgeofthesepeoplesurvivedonlyinGreekmyths．Inthelate19thcentury，archaeologistsbegantounearthruins．ThisinspiredArthurEvanstobegindiggingontheislandofCretenearmainlandGreece．OnadiginKbossos，Evansfoundanancientpalace．ExpertsthinkthatitwasthepalaceofKingMinos，acentralfigureinmanyGreekmyths．

（1）Withhisteam，heuncoveredavaststructure，variedworksofart，andmanyhieroglyphicrecords，Thesefinds，togetherwithlaterfinds，compriseallthatexpertsknowaboutMinoanculture．

Fromtheevidenceexpertsgathered，itisclearthattheMinoanswereaheadoftheirtime．ThepalaceatKnossoswasfivefloorshighwithhundredsofrooms．Buildingsthroughouttheancientcityhadplumbingandflushtoilets．Stonepavementlinedthesurfacesoftheroads．Inaddition，theMinoanspossessedahighlydevelopednavalfleetforlong-distancetrade．（2）Theserecordsconfirmthecentralroleofcommerceinculture．

ExpertanalysisoftheevidencealsooffersinsightintosomeaspectsofMinoansociety．（3）Ruinsandartworksuggestthatpeopleofallclassesenjoyedahighdegreeofsocialandgenderequality．ReligiousiconsshowthatMinoansworshipedbulls，thenaturalworld，andmanyfemalegods．

AnunusualfeatureofMinoansculturewasthepursuitofleisureinterests．SportandvisualartswerecentraltoMinoanlife．Boxingandbulljumping，asportinwhichplayersjumpedoverlivebulls，werepopular．Althoughbulljumpingmayhaveservedsomeritualpurpose，expertsbelievethatitwasdonemostlyforfun．Similarly，althoughsomeworksofartshowedpoliticalandreligiousthemes，otherworksservedonlyaspleasantdécor（装饰品）．（4）

TheMinoansmettheirdemiseafteraseriesofnaturaldisasters．ExpertsbelievethatgroupfromtheGreekmainlandcapitalizedontheseeventsandlookedovertheisland．2018年上海市嘉定区高考英语二模试卷全文共10页，当前为第8页。

IV.SummaryWriting8．(★★)Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible．

TheConflicto