英语句子的重音和升降调详解 吴建伟

句子重音，升降调SentenceStressandintonation句子重音的一般规则实词重读虚词不重读名词一般都重读Thereisa'bookonthe'desk.My'sister'putupa'pictureonthe'wall.'John'wantsto'seethe'teacherafter'class.An'elephantisan'animal.2021/5/91一些含义较广，本身没有很确切内容的名词,如thing,person,

place,或指一大类人或事物的名词，如man,woman,fellow,

time,ship,前面有修饰语缩小其范围时，这类名词通常不重读

'That’sa'nicething.

(比较：'That’sa'nice'picture.)

He’san'easypersonto'geta'longwith.

He’sthe'rightmanforthe'job.

It’sal'ready'lunchtime.

(比较;It’s'timefor'lunch.)

2021/5/92代词

常重读的代词有

1．指示代词

'Thisis'notwhatI'mean.

'That'isn’ttheoneI'askedfor.

'Doyou'like(')these'flowers?

但如指示代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重音

'Howdoyou'likethose'littleones?

'Who'wrotethis'interesting'story?

2021/5/932.名词性物主代词

'Yoursis'much'nicerthan'mine.

The'redoneis'his.

但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读

I’m'writingtoa'friendofmine.

3.强调代词

I'sawitmy'self.

The'manhim'self'toldmeso.

4．疑问代词

'Whoareyou'talkingto?

'WhatcanI'doforyou?

'Who'cameto'seeyouthis'morning?2021/5/94不重读的代词有：人称代词，反身代词，物主代词（形容词性），相互代词，关系代词

He'hasn’t'seenmy'brotheryet.

He'hurthimselfwhenhewas'playing'football.

They'often'helpeachother.

The'girlwho'spoketoyoujust'nowismy

'sister.2021/5/95形容词（包括分词作形容词）一般都应重读

数词一般都应重读

The'streetsare'wide,'cleanand'beautiful.

'This'narrow'valleywasthe'sceneofa

'famous'battle.

His'firstdaughterisfif'teen.

It’sa'dullanddisap'pointingfilm.

'That’sex'citingnews.

The'worriedman'enteredthe'crowded'street.

He'bought'ten'cupsand'Iboughtonly'four.

2021/5/96冠词一般都不重读

He'livesina'house'not'farfromthe'school.

It'san'hour’s'drivefromthe'old'station.

The'man'overthereismy'brother.

An'elephantisan'animal.

2021/5/97动词主要动词，或称实意动词、行为动词（notional

verb）都要重读

(be、have除外)

He‘takesa’walkafter‘supper’every‘day.

’Don’tfor‘getyour’homework.

Isup‘poseyou’knowhim.

非限定动词一般也都要重读

不定式

Wede‘cidedto’startthe‘next’day.

分词

We'satatthe'desk'writinga'letter.

动名词

It’s'no'use'askinghimabout'that.

2021/5/98助动词和情态动词与not构成的缩略式要重读

I'don’twantto'gothereto'day.

He'wasn’tsur'prisedwhenI'toldhimthe

'news.

We'can’t'stayany'longer.

'Don’tyouthinkyou'shouldn’tsay'such

things?

Wemust'doit'now,'mustn’twe?

cannot不缩写成can’t

时，重音也在can上

I'cannotagree'withhim.

2021/5/99Do用于肯定句中表示强调时，总是重读的

I'dohope'thiswillbeef'fective.

He'doesneedyour'help.

We'didwarnyoube'fore.

'Do'drop'inwhenyouarein'Xuzhou.

2021/5/910不重读的动词

助动词

Hedid'notwork'hardforthee'xam.

Wewereim'pressedbytheira'chievements.

'Muchhasbeen'saida'boutit.

Theywillbesur'prisedat'that.

情态动词

Heshouldbe'criticizedfor'doing'that.

'Marycould'doit'betterthan'Herbert.

Imust'go'now.

'Whocan'answerthis'question?

2021/5/911

动词be(是),have(有)一般不重读

Ihave'somany'thingsto'doto'day.

'Few'peoplehad'TV'setsin'those'days.

The'keywas'inthe'box.

以上几类通常不重读的动词用于简短回答，或其后省略了主要动词时，要重读;用于一般疑问句句首有时重读，但在比较随便的谈话中不必重读

(')Haveyouany'brothersand'sisters?

'Yes,I'have.

(')Areyoua'student?'Yes,I'am.

(')Canyou'comethisafter'noon?Yes,I'can.

He'said'morethanhe'shouldatthe'meeting.

I'don’twantto'gothere,butI'must.

2021/5/912

副词一般都重读

They'came'back'early'yesterday.

'Wheredidyou'buyit?

'Whydoyou'come?

You'meet'people'everywhere.

I’ve'never'heardof'suchathingbe'fore.

Per'hapsshe’llar'riveto'night.

'Tellhimto'come'in.

A'car'dashed'past.

'Thankyoufor'comingto'seeme'off.

2021/5/913但关系副词不重读

He'visitedthe'small'villagewherehewas

'born.

They'came'rightatthe'timewhenwe'needed

their'help.

'Thisisthe'reasonwhythey'failed.

介词单音节介词一般都不重读

'Allbut'oneofthe'familyareat'home.

'How'farisitfrom'Paristo'London?

'Whatareyou'lookingat?

'That’swhatIwas'thinkingof.

2021/5/914

多音节的介词常重读，但也可不重读

I’ll'doit(')after'lunch.

He'finishedthe'article(')duringthe'holidays.

The'man'walkeda(')longthe'street.

He'searcheda(')mongthe'papers.

Ifor'got'alla(')boutit.

Ihave'nothingto'saycon(')cerningthis

'problem.

'Putit'oppositethe'door.

2021/5/915在不重读的连系动词be或人称代词后，

不论是单音节或多音节介词都重读

They’re'bythe'window.

Hewas'inthe'sitting-room.

Isit'nearthe'postoffice?

The'teacherwas'withusatthe'picnic.

Itwas'duringthe'interval.

Hewasbe'sidehimselfwith'rage.

Theyarebe'hindthe'door.

2021/5/916介词在句首时常可重读

'Onhis'way'homehe'metan'old'friend.

'Inthe'roomthey'founda'little'boy.

'Underthe'tree'standsa'tallman.

2021/5/917连接词单一的并列连接词（包括关联连接词both…andneither…nor等）和从属连词都不重读

He'cameand'spoketous.

I'sawitbut'didn’t'readit.

'Let’s'runorwe’llbe'late.

'That'takesboth'timeand'energy.

Neither'younor'Ican'solvethe'problem.

Isug'gestthatwe'give'upthe'plan.

Hewas'angrywithmebecauseIwas'late.

Thepro'fessorwas'busy'writingwhenI'went

to'seehim.2021/5/918We'tookthe'taxitothe'stationso(that)

wecouldbein'timeforthe'train.

She'didn’tar'rangethe'chairsasI'toldher.

'Putitwhereitcan'easilybe'seen.

He'wantsto'seeyoubeforeyou'leave.

Shein'sistedon'going,thoughI'toldher

'notto.

Theyweredisap'pointedwhereas'wewere

de'lighted.

You'can’tunder'standituntilyou'readitto

the'end.

2021/5/919连接词词组其中重要的词要重读

还有一些意味较强的连接词也要重读

If'onlyI'knewhowto'doit.

He’ll'helpusoncon'ditionthatwe'trusthim.

We’ll'startto'morrow'evenifit'rains.

Theyhave'never'met'eversince'19'80.

The'meetingwillbe'ginas'soonasthe

'guests'come.

You’llsuc'ceedso'longasyou'work'hard.

It’s'sucha'pitythatyou'can’t'come.

2021/5/920

He'spoke'so'fastthatIcould'hardly'follow

him.

Willyou'trya'gainsup'posingyou'fail?

Imust'gothereal'thoughitis'raining.

The'schoolbuswill'leavedi'rectlythe'bell

'rings.

Youcan'neversuc'ceedun'lessyou'work

'hard.2021/5/921从句放在主句前面时，处于句首的连接词常重读

（that

除外）

'Whenhe'comesI’llintro'ducehimtoyou.

'AfterI’ve'finisheditI’ll'showittoyou.

'AsIwas'waitingforthe'bus,it'suddenly

be'ganto'rain.

但

Thatwecan'doitwith'outhimisab'surd.

2021/5/922连接代词who(whom,whose)what,which

和连接副词

when,where,how,why

可以重读，也可以不重读

I'wonder'who'thatwas.

'Askhim'whichis'better.

I'don’t'know'howthey'are.

I'don’t'knowhow'thingsarein'their'school.

I’m'notsure'whenhe’s'coming.

I'can’tunder'stand'whyhere'fusesto'go.

Doyou'seewhatI'mean?

He'doesn’tknow'whatheshould'do'next.2021/5/923感叹词

感叹词是表示某种感情的自然一般都重读

'Ah!'Oh!

'Ugh![‘uh]'Eh?

'Fancy!'Goodness!

'Nonsense!Hel'lo!

In'deed!'How'awful!

但如果后面紧跟一个有强重音的词，单音节的

感叹词可以不重读，但音调很高

Ah''no!Oh''well!Oh''dear!2021/5/924不合乎语句重音一般规律的例外情况

任何本来有句子重音的词，如果上文刚出现过，第二次提

到时一般不应重读

--'How'many'timeshaveyou'beenthere?

--'Threetimes.

The'boy'shoutedtothe'otherboys.

--They'want'strongmen.

--'Very'well.I'amstrong.

'Studyas'Leninstudied.

A'newcom'mitteehasbeen'set'upand

'Dr'Liis'onthecommittee.

2021/5/925名词street在街名中不重读

'OxfordStreet'DowningStreet

'EighthStreet‘WallStreet

但road,avenue,lane,way,hill,town,park,

palace等词在街名地名中都要重读

'York'Road

'West'Lake

'Hyde'Park

'Buckingham'Palace

'Hampton'Court

2021/5/926一个名词受另一个名词（或形容词）修饰时，如修饰语与别的词形成对比时，或两个词意义上联系很紧密时，被修饰的名词不重读，只重读前面的修饰语

'railwayjourney坐火车旅行（区别于坐汽车或飞机旅行）

'pleasuretrip旅游（区别于因事旅行）

'highschool中学

'safetyrazor安全剃刀

'life-savingapparatus救生装置

'doorhandle'tennisball

'campingground'golfclub

'violinstringexami'nationpaper2021/5/927指示代词this,that,these,those有时没有很强的指示意味，

其意义很接近于冠词the，特别是当其修饰的名词前面已提

到时，这些指示代词不重读

He'managedthis'matter'wonderfully.

Itis'necessaryto'takethese'measures.

He'couldn’t'bearthe'gazeofthose'eyes.

在

this'morning,this'after'noon,this'evening

等词组中，this不重读2021/5/928such后面跟有强调的词时不重读

sucha'curious'shape

such'quantitiesof'wood

如果后面的词不可能重时，则重读such

'Suchathingshould'neverhave'happened.

副词so在thinkso,doso等词组里不重读

I'thinkso.I'didn’t'sayso.

I'believeso.'Who'toldyouto'doso?

2021/5/929副词so,now,then用来在语气上连接上下文时，不重读

Sohe'wentintothe'garden.

Now'listentome'carefully.

Then'don’tfor'getto'writetomeafter

youar'rivethere.

2021/5/930某些插入语不须重读

I’ma'fraidhe’s'not'coming.

He’s'not'coming,I’mafraid.

'Please'sit'down.'Sit'down,please.

He'said,“I’m'sorry.”“I’m'sorry,”hesaid.

One作为数词要重读，但用作代词时不重读

'That’sa'goodone.

'Howarethe'littleones?

You’ve'gotthe'wrongone,'Iwantthe'greenone.

2021/5/931节奏

OOOO

'time’s'up.

'make'haste

'next'week'what’s'this

'work'hard'well'done

'all'right'quite'good

'Yes,'please.'hold'on

'that’s'true'too'bad

'good'news'this'month

'not'yet'come'in

2021/5/932OoO

OoO

'never'mind'waitand'see

'leaveat'once'wordby'word

'letme'see'thanksa'lot

'outof'date'quitea'lot

'tryit'out'goodi'dea

'comea'long'farand'wide

'timeand'tide'little'girl

'whata'day2021/5/933

OoOoOoOo

'waita'moment'giveme'thisone

'let’sget'started'springis'coming

'Merry'Christmas.'comeand'helpme

'gladto'seeyou'very'funny

'letme'helpyou'whocan'helpme

'quitea'lotof'rather'boring

'goand'getit'whento'doit

'just‘imagine'timeis'precious2021/5/934oOoOoOoO

the'latest'news

a'wasteof'time

he’s'latefor'classshe’s'gone'away

a'lotof'noiseI’d'liketo'come

it'doesn’t'workwe’d'better'go

a'signof'smokehe'always'sings

it’s'timefor'lunchI’ll'seeyou'off

it’s'hardto'saya'dayof'work

I’ve'no'ideaI’m'sureyou'will

2021/5/935OooO

'lotstobe'done

'lendmea'hand

'getinthe'crops

'nothingat'all

'bringhim'along

'senditby'mail

'notinthe'least

'clearit'away

'onceina'whileOoooO'carryit'away'followmy'advice'seeyouina'week'trytobein'time'comeandhavea'look'leaveitonthe'desk'cutitwitha'knife'everythingis'clear'bringalongyour'friend2021/5/936oOoOo

I’m'gladto'seeyou.

You’re'always'welcome.

I'hopeyou'likeit.

I’d'liketo'hearit.

I'begyour'pardon.

You’d'better'hurry.

I’m'very'sorry.

Itdoesn’t'matter.

He’s'rather'funny.2021/5/937oOooOoo

I’ll'borrowa'notherone.

You’ll'getiton'Saturday.

Per'hapsyou’ve'heardofit.

They’ve'allgoneon'holiday.

It’s'veryun'fortunate.

Let’s'openthe'otherone.

2021/5/938语调

在英语说话和朗读时不但要注意句子的重读、音的长度、音的变化，而且很重要的是要注意句子或短语的语调

在英语中通过语调的高低、句子重读、音的长度，使语言表达丰富多彩，声情并茂。英语语调或升或降，或高或低，一般落在短语或句子的最后一个重音上

可以将英语语调归纳为四种：

降调升调

平调降升调

╮╯̶~2021/5/939用降调的句型

1.陈述句

Thankyou.Notatall.

You’requiteright.

I’mafraidImustbeoff.

2021/5/9402.特殊疑问句

WhattimecanIseeyou?

What’sthematterwithyou?

2021/5/9413.祈使句

Comein.Closethedoor.

Fetchmemygloves.

Pleasedropinanytimeyoulike.

Hurryuporwe’ll