英语语法倒装句

正常语序：主动句：被动句：状语主补保留宾语倒装语序：凡是与上述语序不同的语序，就称为倒装。主语→谓语→宾语→宾补主语→谓语→知识点5：倒装句2021/5/911、全倒装

（1）表语

介词短语形容词副词+系动词+主语

Ofwiderapplicationisthefactthatmatterusuallyexpandswhenitstemperatureisincreasedandcontracts（收缩）whenitstemperatureisdecreased.

Ofparticularvaluehasbeentheconstructivecriticism（建设性的批评意见）ofmanyteachers.

Moreimportantisthefactthatthereverse（反向的）currentincreasesexponentially（指数地）withtemperature.Hereisanexperiment.2021/5/92（2）状语

介词短语副词there+不及物动词+主语

1、全倒装

FromthisconditionfollowsEuler’sequation.Inthiscasethereresultsapotentialdifference（电位差）betweenthetwopoints.Thecenterofmassisthepointthroughwhichpassestheresultant（合力）ofthereactionforces（反作用力）whenabodyisaccelerated（加速）.

Thereremainmanyimportantfeaturesaboutalllasers（激光器）thathaveyettobeaddressed（处理；讲解）.

2021/5/93（3）分词

过去分词现在分词+is(are,…)+主语

注：汉译时可用“what从句”来等效。

1、全倒装

Movingroundthenucleusarenegativelychargedparticles（微粒）calledelectrons.(=Whataremovingroundthenucleus…)

Surroundingtheearthisalayerofairofunknownthickness（厚度）.

(=Whatsurroundstheearth…)

ShowninFig.1–1istheblockdiagram（方框图）ofaradiotransmitter（发射机）.(=WhatisshowninFig.1–1…)

2021/5/94Superimposed（叠加）uponthese

considerations（考虑因素）istheneedtoconserve（保存）energyandmaterialresources.(=Whatissuperimposedontheseconsiderations…)

However,remainingopen（未解决的）isthequestionofwhetherWSI(waferscaleintegration“晶片规模集成”)

willenjoyatimeinthesun.1、全倒装

（3）分词

2021/5/952、部分倒装

（1）以

only+状语修饰谓语或整个句子的具有否定词义的副词或介词短语

so=also开头的句子要部分到装（其方法与构成一般疑问句类同）。

Onlywhentheforceisknownasafunction（函数）oftime

can

thisintegral（积分）beevaluated（求值）.

Bynomeansdopositivechargesmoveinawire.NotallthestudentsherearefromShannxiProvince.2021/5/96常见的一些否定副词有：never（永不）,hardly（几乎不）,scarcely（几乎不）,rarely（难得，几乎不）,not

only（不仅）,not

until（直到……后才）,little（一点也不）,seldom（难得，几乎不）,notalways（不总是），neither,nor等等。

2、部分倒装

常见的一些否定含意的短语有（一般都可译成“决不，绝不”）：bynomeans,innoway,atnotime,innocase,on[under]nocondition,undernocircumstances,onnoaccount等。

2021/5/97（2）

被动语态be+个别形容词介词短语there++主语2、部分倒装

Byafamilyofcurvesismeantaspecifiedsetofcurveswhichsatisfygivenconditions.

InFig.2–1areshownanammeter（安培表）andavoltmeter（伏特表）.

Intotheendsofthehose（软管）arethrust（插）glasstubes10to12inches（英寸）long.ConsiderfirsttheRCfilter（滤波器）ofFig.2–7

towhichisappliedthesquarewave（方波）

ofperiod（周期）T.2021/5/98Fig.2–5showsablock（木块）onwhichareexerted（施加）

twoforcesF1andF2.

ThereisshowntheblockdiagramofadigitalcomputerinFig.1–4.

ToeachpointofSlettherebeassigned（赋予）adefinite（确定的）number,n.

Thereispresentamagneticfieldwhichvarieswithtime.2、部分倒装

Thepurposeofthisarticleistopresentacritical（评论性的）survey（综述）ofthefieldoflanguagedataprocessing,bywhichismeanttheprocessingofnaturallanguagedatabycomputer.2021/5/99

***中国在任何情况下决不会首先使用核武器（nuclearweapons）。

UndernocircumstanceswillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.2、部分倒装

2021/5/910（3）把要强调的部分或较短的部分提前

①

把要强调的部分放在主语前

A、“宾语→主语→谓语→～”★

Thisprocesswecallautomation.Thispointweshalldiscussindetaillater.2、部分倒装

B、“状语[表语等]→主语→动词→～”

Withpressure（压力）thegap（间隙）decreases.

Ofonethingwecanbesure:Ifthecharges（电荷）areatrest,thereisnoelectricfield（电场）withinthemetalball.2021/5/911***Said

Dr.SamuelRankin,headofthemathematicalsciencesdepartmentatWorchesterPolytechnicInstitute（工业学院）inWorchester,Mass.:“Thefurtheryougooutintothescientificandtechno-logicalfrontiers（新领域）,

especiallyinthekindsofthingsweareseeingtoday,youaregoingtofindmathematics.”2、部分倒装

Certainitisthatallessential（关键的）processesofplant（植物）growthanddevelopment（发育）occurinwater.2021/5/912②

把较短的部分提前

A、“主语→谓语→宾语补足语→宾语→～”★

Electromagneticwavesmakepossible

radiobroadcast（广播）andtelevision.Friction（摩擦）makesnecessaryagoodlubrication（润滑）system.2、部分倒装

Wecallinsulators（绝缘体）thesesubstanceswhichpreventthepassageofelectricity.2021/5/913Thatstillleaves（留有）tobeexplored（探索）anareatentimesasgreatasthecontinents（五大洲）oftheearth.Theadvent（出现）oflargescaleintegrationhasnowmadecommonplace（普通的）computerswithinstructionset（指令组）capableofdirectlyaccessing（存取；访问）andflexibly（灵活地）manipulating（处理）anumberofdifferentdatatypesandsizes.2、部分倒装

2021/5/914B、“主语→谓语→状语→宾