高考英语语法复习形容词副词用法讲义

第四讲形容词副词用法形容词副词的基本用法形容词常在句中作定语、表语、宾补、主补等Thesearevaluablesuggestions.（前置）Thatisthebestbookavailable.(后置)Hervoicesoundssweet.Iconsiderhissuggestionveryvaluable.Hereturnedhome,safeandsound.Heisstandingthere,fulloffear.副词常在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子、Hestudieshard.Heisverysmart.Theshopshouldbefairlyemptynow.商店里人不会太多。Fortunately,everythingworkedoutallrightintheend.形容词副词的比较等级规则变化一般加-er,-eststrong---stronger---strongest以字母e结尾的只加-r,-stlate---later---latest以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这个辅音字母后再加-er,-esthot---hotter---hottestthin---thinner---thinnestslim---slimmer---slimmest以辅音字母+y结尾的词，将y变为i,再加-er,-estangry---angrier---angriestugly---uglier---ugliestearly---earlier---earliest双音节词和多音节词，在词前加more或mostquickly---morequickly---mostquicklyenthusiastic---moreenthusiastic---mostenthusiastic注意：=1\*GB3①少数双音节词以及以-er和-le结尾的词有两种比较级和最高级形式common---commoner/morecommon---commonest/mostcommonclever---cleverer/moreclever---cleverest/mostcleversimple---simpler/moresimple---simplest/mostsimple=2\*GB3②有些形容词没有程度或本身表程度，没有比较级和最高级，如right/wrong/excellent/favorite/perfect等。不规则变化good/well---better---bestbad/badly---worse---worstmuch/many---more---mostlittle---less---leastold---older/elder---oldest/eldestfar---farther/further---farthest/furthest形容词副词比较级基本用法“比较级+than”表示“比...更”Hegetsupearlierthananyoneelseintheclass.“比较级+比较级”表示“越来越....”Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越.....,越.....”Themoreticketsyousell,themoremoneyyouwillget.“the+比较级+ofthetwo”表示“两者中较....的”Theshorterofthetwogirlsismysister.“no+比较级+than”表示“两者都不....”Heisnotallerthanhisbrother.“not+比较级+than”表示“前者不如后者”Heisnottallerthanhisbrother.形容词副词最高级基本用法=1\*GB3①The+形容词/副词最高级+表范围的介词短语（among/of/in）Autumnisthebestseasonoftheyear.Heworkshardestinhisclass.=2\*GB3②“Oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+范围”表示“....中最....之一”Thisisoneofthemostimportanteventsinmodernhistory.=3\*GB3③“the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数”表示“第几最....”TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.=4\*GB3④否定词+比较级=最高级Hehasneverspentamoreworryingday.比较级和最高级的修饰词修饰原级的词：fairly,quite,rather,so,very,too,nearly修饰比较级的词：much,even,still,(by)far,alittle,alot,agreatdeal,any等修饰最高级的词：序数词,(by)far,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally,nothinglike等倍数的表达：=1\*GB3①倍数+as---as=2\*GB3②倍数+比较级+than=3\*GB3③倍数+the+名词+ofAtaroughestimate,NigeriaisthreetimesasbigasGreatBritain.==Ataroughestimate,NigeriaisthreetimesbiggerthanGreatBritain.==Ataroughestimate,NigeriaisthreetimesthesizeofGreatBritain.形容词副词的转换一般情况加-lyquick—quicklybrave---bravely辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再加-lyeasy---easilybusy—busily以-le结尾，去e加-ysimple—simplygentle—gentlypossible---possibly元音字母+e结尾去e加-lytrue---truly-ll结尾，只加-yfull—fullydull—dully-ic结尾，加-allybasic—basicallyscientific---scientificallyspecific---specifically注意：public---publicly注意：特殊变形：whole—whollyshy—shylydry—dryly-ly结尾的形容词：friendly/lovely/lively/lonely/deadly/monthly/yearly/daily/weekly四：易混形容词副词的区别ago,beforeago从现在算起若干时间以前，常用一般过去时Igraduatedfromthecollege10yearsago.before=1\*GB3①从过去某时间算起若干时间以前，常用过去完成时Shesaidthatshehadmarriedhim3monthsbefore.=2\*GB3②单独使用，常用现在完成时Haveyoueverseenthisfilmbefore?hard,hardlyhardlyadv.几乎不hardadj.艰难的adv.努力地Thisisahardjob.WecanhardlybelievePeterworkssohard.so,suchsuch+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词such+adj+复数名词或不可数名词so+adj./advso+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词so+many/much/few/little(少的)+复数名词或不可数名词Heis______acleverboythateveryonelikeshim.==Heis______cleveraboythateveryonelikeshim.Thereisnoneedfor______caution.Whydoeshehave______littlehair?Theyare______littlechildrenthattheycan’tbeadmittedtotheschool.（little表示“少的”，前边用so，表示“小的”，用such）late,later,latter,latest,latelylateadj./adv.迟晚later//latteradj.(两者中)后者的latestadj.最新的latelyadv.最近，近来_____,Ihav