初中英语阅读理解专题

诺贝尔的故事AlfredNobel,thegreatSwedishinventorandindustrialist,wasborninStockholmonOctober21,1833,butmovedtoRussiawithhisparentsin1842,wherehisfather,Immanuel,madeastrongpositionforhimselfintheengineeringindustry.ImmanuelNobelinventedlandmineandmadealotofmoneyfromthegovernmentduringtheCrimeanWar,butwentbankruptsoonafter.Then,thefamilyreturnedtoSwedenin1859,whereAlfredbeganhisownstudyofexplosivesinhisfather’slab.Hehadneverbeentoschooloruniversitybuthadtaughthimself,andbythetimehewastwenty,hebecameaskillfulchemistandexcellentlinguist,speakingSwedish,Russian,German,FrenchandEnglish.Hebuiltupover80companiesin20differentcountries.Hewasalwayssearchingforameaningtolife.Hespentmuchtimeandmoneyworkingonhowtoendthewars,andthepeacebetweennations,untilhisdeathinItalyin1896.Hisfamouslastwill,inwhichheleftmoneytoprovideprizesforoutstandingworkinphysics,chemistry,physiology,medicine,literatureandpeace,isamemorialtohisinterestsandideas.Andso,themanisrememberedandrespectedlongafterhisdeath.根据短文内容，选择能回答所提问题的正确答案。WherewasAlfredNobelborn?Hewasbornin.A.Sweden B.StockholmC.Russia D.MoscowWhatdidImmanuelNobelinventedduringtheCrimeanWar?A.Theengineeringindustry. B.Astrongposition.C.Landmine. D.Studyofexplosives.WhydidAlfredNobelreturntoSweden?Becausehisfather.A.wentbankrupt B.wasputinprisonC.wasill D.diedHowmanycompaniesdidAlfredNobelbuildup?Hebuiltupcompaniesindifferentcountries.A.20 B.40C.60 D.80WhatwasAlfredNobelalwayssearingfor?.A.MoretimeandmoremoneyB.AmeaningtolifeC.Howtoendthewar D.Thepeacebetweennations【答案及解析】8。根据AlfredNobel,thegreatSwedishinventorandindustrialist,wasborninStockholmonOctober21,1833.（伟大的瑞典发明家和实业家诺贝尔于1883年10月21日出生于斯德哥尔摩）就能确定正确选项。&根据ImmanuelNobelinventedlandmineandmadealotofmoneyfromthegovernmentduringtheCrimeanWar（以马利.诺贝尔在克里米亚战争中发明地雷，挣了很多钱）就能确定正确答案。A。根据wentbankruptsoonafter（不久破产了）就能确定正确答案（from）0Do根据Hebuiltupover80companiesin20differentcountries（他在20个国家建了80多个公司）就能确定答案。Bo根据Hewasalwayssearchingforameaningtolife（他总是在搜索生活的意义）就能确定答案。《!1＞她用爱创造奇迹Aneight-year-oldchildheardherparentstalkingaboutherlittlebrother.Allsheknewwasthathewasverysickandtheyhadnomoney.Onlyaveryexpensiveoperationcouldsavehimnowandtherewasnoonetolendthemthemoney.Whensheheardherdaddysaytohertearfulmother,“Onlyamiraclecansavehimnow,”thelittlegirlwenttoherbedroomandpulledhermoneyfromitshidingplaceandcounteditcarefully.Shehurriedtoadrugstore（药店）withthemoneyinherhand.“Andwhatdoyouwant?”askedthesalesman.“It’sformylittlebrother,”thegirlanswered.“He’sreally,reallysickandIwanttobuyamiracle.”“Pardon?”saidthesalesman.“MybrotherAndrewhassomethingbadgrowinginsidehisheadandmydaddysaysonlyamiraclecansavehim.Sohowmuchdoesamiraclecost?”“Wedon’tsellamiraclehere,child.I’msorry,”thesalesmansaidwithasmile.“Listen,ifitisn'tenough,Icantryandgetsomemore.Justtellmehowmuchitcosts.”Awell-dressedmanhearditandasked,“Whatkindofamiracledoesyourbrotherneed?”“Idon'tknow,”sheansweredwithhereyesfulloftears.“He'sreallysickandmumsaysheneedsanoperation.Butmydaddycan'tpayforit,soIhavebroughtallmymoney.”“Howmuchdoyouhave?”askedtheman.“$1.11,butIcantryandgetsomemore,”sheanswered.“Well,whatluck,”smiledtheman.“$1.11,thepriceofamiracleforlittlebrothers.”Hetookupthegirl'shandandsaid,“Takemetowhereyoulive.Iwanttoseeyourbrotherandmeetyourparents.Let'sseeifIhavethekindofmiracleyouneed.”Thatwell-dressedmanwasDrCarltonArmstrong,afamousdoctor.Theoperationwassuccessfulanditwasn’tlongbeforeAndrewwashomeagain.Howmuchdidthemiraclecost?(from)根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。Whatwasthetroubleinthelittlegirl‘sfamily?Herbrotherwasseriouslyill.Theyhadnomoney.Nothingcouldsaveherbrother.BothAandB.Intheeyeofthelittlegirl,amiraclemightbe.somethinginterestingsomethingbeautifulsomewonderfulmedicinesomegoodfoodThatshowsThelittlegirlsaidagainandagain"...Icantryandgetsomemore..ThatshowsshehadstillkeptsomemoneyshehopednottoberefusedTherewasnoneedtoworryaboutmoneyshethoughtmoneywaseasytogetWhatmadethemiraclehappen?Thegirl'sloveforherbrother.Thegirl'smoney.Themedicinefromthedrugstore.Nobodycantell.Fromthepassagewecaninfer（推断）that.Thedoctordidn’taskforanypayAmiracleissuretohappenifyoukeeponThelittlegirlislovelybutnotsocleverAndrewwasinfactnotsosickastheyhadthought【答案及解析】.选D。根据第1段中的Allsheknewwasthathewasverysickandtheyhadnomoney可知答案。.选Co由于这个小女孩的家很穷，而她的兄弟又病得那样重，所以她的父亲说Onlyamiraclecansavehimnow,小女孩听了之后便翻出她所有的“积蓄〃去药店购买miracle,由此可见，小女孩可能认为miracle是一种什么很神奇的药。注：miracle的实际意思是"奇迹"，Onlyamiraclecansavehimnow的意思是“只有出现奇迹才可能救得了他〃.选DoTheurchin要Paul把车停在他家门前后，立即扶着他残疾的弟弟出来，让他看看Paul的车，然后告诉弟弟他想为他做的事，所以他只是想告诉他弟弟他的愿望。.选CoTheurchin在坐过Paul的车后没有忘记弟弟，并且承诺也要给弟弟买一辆车，可见他对弟弟有着一份深深的爱。答案选C,而A、B、D三项与文章不符。.选Co通读全文，我们不得不为Theurchin的行为所感动，他是一个好哥哥。文章就是讲述了他这样的一位好哥哥，C选项最合适。友谊地久天长这是一首经典歌曲，已经被几代人传唱，每当有人唱起这首歌时，依然会让人热泪盈眶。因为这首歌中表达的是一种永恒的情，是每个人都渴望得到的，这就是友谊。ThisisasongmillionsofAmericanswillhearthisNewYear’sEve.ItiscalledAuldLangSyne（《友谊地久天长》）.ItisthetraditionalmusicplayedduringtheNewYear’scelebration.AuldLangSyneisanoldScottishpoem.Ittellsabouttheneedtorememberoldfriends.Thewords“auldlangsyne”mean“oldlongsince”.Nooneknowswhowrotethepoemfirst.However,aversionbyScottishpoetRobertBumswaspublished（出版）in1796.Thewordsandmusicweknowtodayfirstappearedinasongbookthreeyearslater.ThesongisplayedintheUnitedStatesmainlyonNewYear’sEve.Theversion（译文）youarehearingtodayisbytheWashingtonSaxophoneQuartet.AsweendourprogramwithAuldLangSyne.IwouldliketowishallofourradiofriendsaveryHappyNewYear!ThisisBuddyThomas.根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项Whereisthispassagefrom?A.Anewspaper.B.Amagazine.C.ATVprogram.D.Aradioprogram.WhoisintroducingAuldLangSynetous?RobertBums.TheWashingtonSaxophoneQuartet.BuddyThomas.Thepassagedoesn’ttellus.3.WhenisAuldLangSynemainlyplayedintheUSAaccordingtothepassage?OnNewYear’sEve.OnChristmasEve.Onweekends.D.Onholidays.WhendidthewordsandmusicofAuldLangSyneweknowtodayfirstappear?A.In1790.B.In1793.C.In1796.D.In1799.What’sAuldLangSyneabout?It’saboutthehistoryofScotland.It’saboutanoldScottishpoet.It’sabouttheneedtorememberoldfriends.It’saboutthewishestotheradiofriends.【答案及解析】.选D。从最后句子AsweendourprogramwithAuldLangSyne.IwouldliketowishallofourradiofriendsaveryHappyNewYear!ThisisBuddyThomas.我们可以知道，这是播音员在结束节目时才会说的话，所以可以推断出这篇短文来自Aradioprogram（一个广播节目）。答案为D。.选C。最后一句话告诉我们播音员是BuddyThomas，所以答案是C。.选A。短文的第1句ThisisasongmillionsofAmericanswillhearthisNewYear,sEve.就告诉了我们,这首歌是在NewYear,sEve听的，所以答案选择A。.选D。从第2段可以知道这首歌的前身是apoem（一首诗），在1796年出版,而Thewordsandmusicweknowtodayfirstappearedinasongbookthreeyearslater.3年以后歌曲才出现，所以应该是在1799年。因此答案是D.选C。在第1段播音员就告诉我们：Ittellsabouttheneedtorememberoldfriends.所以答案是C。」节约用水Napogaisa12-year-oldgirlinGhana（加纳）,Africa.Itishardforherfamilytogetcleanwater.Everymorning,sheleaveshomeathalfpastfivetogetcleanwaterforherfamilyinavillagefaraway.Ittakeshersixhourstogetenoughcleanwaterfordaily（日常）cookinganddrinking.Shehasnotimetogotoschoolortoplaywithherfriends.MillionsofpeopleintheworldarelikeNapoga.Theycan’tgetenoughcleanwatertokeephealthy.EarthDayisApril22.Butonallotherdays,wemustalsorememberit.Thewaterweuseisthemostimportantnaturalresource（自然资源）ontheearth.Watercovers70%oftheearth’ssurface（表面）.Butmostofthatisseawater.Wecan’tuseitforverymanythings.Freshwatercoversonly1%oftheearth’ssurface.Youprobablyfeelluckythatyourlifeisn’tashardasNapoga’s.Butthatdoesn’tmeanyoudon’thavetoworryaboutwater.Weallfaceseriouswaterproblems.Oneofthemiswaterpollution.Allkindsofthingsfromcars,factories,farmsandhomesmakeourrivers,lakes,andoceansdirty.Pollutedwaterisverybadforpeopletodrink.Anddirtywaterisbadforfish,too.Now,34%ofallkindsoffisharedyingout.Howdocarsandfactoriesmakeourwaterdirty?First,theypollutetheair.Then,whenitrains,therainwatercomesdownandmakesourdrinkingwaterdirty.Dirtyrain,calledacidrain（酸雨），isalsobadforplants,animalsandbuildings.Scientistssaythatin30years,morethanhalfofthepeopleintheworldwon'thaveenoughcleanwater.Wehavetolearnhowtosavemorewaterforourselvesandourchildren.Hereissomeadviceforsavingwater:•Turnoffthewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.Youcansaveasmuchas450liters（升）eachmonth.•Leakytaps（漏水的龙头）wastealotofwater.Fixthemrightaway!•Youcaneasilycutyour10-minuteshowers（ 沐浴）inhalf-andyou'llbejustasclean.•Whenyouwashdishes,don'tletthewaterrun.•Onlywashclotheswhenyouhavealottowash.Ifyourwashingmachineisn'tfull,you'rewastingwater!根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。EverymorningNapogawenttogetcleanwater.A.beforeshewenttoschoolB.aftershefinishedschoolCwithoutgoingtoschoolD.aftersheplayedwithherfriendsOntheearth,.A.seawateriswidelyusedthanfreshwaterB.thereisverylittlewaterforourlivingC.thereis71%offreshwaterD.wedon’tneedtoworryaboutwaterAcidrain.isonlybadforlivingthingscanbeproducedinfactoriesdoesn’tdoharmtopeople,butit’sbadforplants,animalsandbuildingsdoesn’tjustdoharmtohumanbeingsbuttoanimals,plantsandbuildingsWhichofthefollowingwasteswater?Weneedtenminutesifwewantacleanshower.Weshouldputinenoughclotheswhenwewashtheminwashingmachines.Youcankeepyourselfcleanbyhavingashowerforfiveminutes.Don'tletthewaterrunwhenwebrushourteethandwashdishes.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?Somethingmustbedonetopreventwaterformbeingpolluted.Cleanwatermeansmuchtohumanbeingsandlivingthingsaroundus.It'stimetotakecareofthewaterweuse.Wateristhemostimportantnaturalresourceontheearth.【答案及解析】.选C。从第1段中的句子Shehasnotimetogotoschool可知，她根本没有去上学。故选C。.选B。短文第3段中介绍了全球70%被水覆盖，但只有1%才是饮用淡水。而世界上的很多国家和地区都缺水。所以选B项，即我们的生活用水很少。.选D。由第5段中的句子Dirtyrain,calledacidrain,isalsobadforplantsanimalsandbuildings.可知，acidrain(酸雨)的危害很大。故答案选D。.选A。A选项与C选项相互矛盾，则必有一个为正确选项。而从第3点建议(advice)可知，你可以沐浴只须五分钟来节约用水，若用10分钟则是浪费水。故选A。.选C。读完全文我们知道地球上的水资源有限，所以大家都要节约用水。故选C。<!1>浪费可耻Wastecanbeseeneverywhereintheschool.Somestudentsaskformorefoodthantheycaneatandothersoftenforgettoturnoffthelightswhentheyleavetheclassroom.Theysaytheycanaffordthesethings.ButIdon’tagreewiththem.Wastecanbringalotofproblems.AlthoughChinaisrichinsomeresources（资源）,weareshortof（缺乏）others,forexample,freshwater（淡水）.Itisreportedthatwewillhavenocoal（煤）oroiltousein100years.Soifwegoonwastingourresources,whatcanweuseinthefutureandwherecanwemove?Thinkaboutit.Ithinkweshouldsaynotothestudentswhowastethingseveryday.Everybodyshouldstopwastingassoonaspossible.Inoureverydaylife,wecandomanythingstopreventwastefromhappening,for