艾滋病AIDS专业知识讲座

艾滋病AIDS/HIVContentsAIDS(definition,infections,treatment,prevention)AIDSintheWorldAIDSinChinaDiscussionAddedmaterialsAIDSWhatisAIDS？Howisitcaught？TreatmentPrevention

Definition--AIDS(AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome)(取得性免疫缺陷综合症)isadiseasecausedbyaviruscalledHIV(HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus)(人类免疫缺陷病毒).Itattackstheimmunesystem,yourbody’smaindefenseagainstdisease.AIDSisthefinalandmostseriousstageoftheHIVdisease.

Infections

PeopledonotgetHIVfromeverydaymeetingswithinfectedpeopleatschoolorotherplaces.HIVcannotbespreadbytouchingapersonortouchingclothes,telephones,dishes,doorhandlesortoiletseats,byplayingsportsorbymosquitoes(蚊子).

Apersoncan’tcatchHIVthroughcasualcontactsuchashugs,kisses,orhandshakes.

HIViscaughtintwomainways:ByhavingsexwithapersonwhoisHIVpositive,orbysharinganeedlewithapersonwhohasHIV.

HeroinhasfueledasharpriseindruguseandencouragedthesharingofneedlesthathelpstospreadAIDS.

AbabycanbeborninfectedwithHIVifthemotherhasthevirus.ItisalsopossibletobeinfectedwithHIVthroughbloodtransfusions.

细菌(肺结核,伤寒)病毒(HIV,肝炎,SARS,流感，)HIV侵入一种细胞HumanImmunodeficiencyVirusAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndromeHIV：人类免疫缺陷损病毒AIDS：取得性免疫缺陷综合症细胞lHIVl细胞

TreatmentThereisnocureforAIDSatthemoment.PeoplewhobecomeinfectedwithHIVmaylookorfeelhealthyforupto10years,buttheycanstillpasstheinfectionontoothers.Thevirusslowlyattacksthebody’simmunesystemuntilitcannolongerfightoffdeadlyillnesses.ResearchersareworkingtodevelopmedicinetopreventAIDSoradrugtocureit.AndnewtreatmentsarebeginningtoincreasethelengthoftimepeoplewithAIDScanlive.DoctorHeDayifoundthatthetherapeuticcombination(cocktailtherapy)ofavarietyofanti-HIVdrugshasaremarkableeffectonAIDS.

何大一抗逆转录病毒药物旳分类三类药物可用来治疗HIV逆转录酶克制剂

融合酶克制剂

zidovudine enfuvirtidenevirapinestavudine delavirdinelamivudine efavirenzzalcitabinedidanosineabacavirEmtricitabineNucleotidetenofovir蛋白酶克制剂amprenavirindinavirsaquinavirnelfinavirritonavirlopinaviratazanavirPreventionPreventionofAIDSrequiresforesightandself-control.Governmentshouldissuesomelawsandregulationstopreventit.People,especiallyyoungpeople,mustnot:havesexualcontactwithpeopleknownorthoughttobeinfectedwithAIDS,orwithpeoplewhousedrugs.YoungpeoplearebecomingmoreatrisktoHIVandAIDSbecausetheyarebecomingmoresexuallyactiveandatamuchearlierage.ItisimportanttoprovidesexeducationforyoungpeopleinChina.Donotuseintravenousdrugs(静脉注射毒品).Theycaneliminatedruguse,drug-relatedriskbehaviorssuchasneedlesharing,unsafesexualpractices,and,inturn,theriskofexposuretoHIV/AIDSandotherinfectiousdiseases.DrugabusepreventionandtreatmentarehighlyeffectiveinpreventingthespreadofHIV.

AIDSintheWorld

Firstreportedin1981,HIVinfectionisnowaworldwideepidemic,affectingnearly40million.Aroundtheworld,10.3millionpeopleaged15to24arelivingwithHIVorAIDS,accordingtoUNAIDS(联合国艾滋病规划署).HIV/AIDSisthegreatestthreatofmankindtodayandthegreatestweaponofmassdestructionontheearth.Allofsocietymustworktogethertobeatthisproblem.

AIDSinChina

HIV/AIDSisbeginningtospreadfromparticulargroupsinChinatothegeneralpopulation.

SitesofSurveillance(监测系统）TIBETQINGHAIGANSUNEIMENGGUHEILONGJIANGLIAONINGGUIZHOUGUANGXIGUANGDONGHAINANHUNANJIANGXIFUJIANTAIWANZHEJIANGJIANGSUSHANGHAISHANDONGSHAANXISHANXININGXIAXINJIANGSICHUANHUBEIHENANANHUIYUNNANHEBEIBEIJINGHONGKONGMACAOSTDpatientssexworkersdruguserstruckdrivers

pregnantwomenbloodgiversTIANJINJILIN中国艾滋病疫情情况(1995-2023.8)

AIDSinChinaattheendofJune,2023截至2023年8月底，全国合计报告HIV感染者和艾滋病病人218107例，其中艾滋病病人58893例，合计报告死亡19258例。2023年新报告HIV感染者和艾滋病病人32235例，其中艾滋病病人6435例，死亡3095例。2023年1-12月和2023年1-6月，全国平均每月新报告感染者基本稳定在3000人左右。AttheendofAugust,2007,Chinahad218,107reportedHIV-positivecases,accumulatively.Theseincluded58,893full-blowncasesand19,258deaths.中国累积报告HIV感染者感染途径(1985-2023)

RiskFactorsforCumulativeHIVInfectionsinChina,

Blood/ProductsOthersMTCTBloodCollectionHetero/HomoSex采血9.4%不详18.7%血液/血制品1.6%异性/同性8.4%静注毒品61.6%母婴传播0.3%IDU中国合计报告HIV感染者地域别布（1995－2023.6）

GeographicDistributionofCumulativeHIVInfectionsinChina1-100101-500501-10001001-50005001-10000>10000HIV感染者数HIV感染率与单采浆频率旳关系

InfectionandFrequencyofPaidPlasmaDonationsFrequencyofdonation/permonthHIVRate同性/双性恋传播流行

Epidemicsdrivenbyhomo-/bi-sexualcontact据教授估计，涉及同性恋旳人员数量很大Thenumberofhomosexualsisbelievedtobelarge.个别调查显示，某些男性同性恋群体旳感染率在1%-5%LimitedinformationshowsthatHIValreadyhasspreadtogaycommunities,withsomeofthembeinginfectedataratebetween1%-5%;绝大多数男同性恋者同女人结婚，对女性和家庭构成威胁。Mostgaymenmarrytheoppositesex,exposingwomenandfamilytothethreatofHIV/AIDS.我们需要更多地关注同性恋艾滋病问题Weneedtogivemoreattentiontothecountry’sgaygroups.

Canpeoplebeinfectedby…?1.HIVcanbepassedonthroughbodilyfluidssuchassputum(唾液)andsweat(汗液).2.Kissingcanpas