材料专业常用术语英语单词表汇编

学习----好料Unitproperty（料的）性质heattreatment热理metal金属glass玻plastics塑fiber纤electronicdevices电器件component组，组分semiconductingmaterials半导体材料materialsscienceengineering材科学与程materialsscience材料科学materialsengineering材工程materialsscientist材料科学家materialsengineer材工程师synthesize合synthesissyntheticsubatomicstructure亚子结构electron电子atom原子nuclei原子核nucleusmolecule分更多精品文档学习----好料microscopic微的microscope显微镜nakedeye裸macroscopic宏的specimen试样deformation变形polished抛的reflect反magnitude量级solidmaterials固材料mechanicalproperties力学性质load载force力elasticmodulus弹模量strength强度electricalproperties电性质electricalconductivity导电性dielectricconstant介电常数electricfield电场thermalbehavior热学行为heatcapacity热thermalconductivity热传导（导热性）magneticproperties磁性质magnetic磁场opticalproperties光学性质更多精品文档学习----好料electromagneticradiation电辐射lightradiation光射indexofrefraction折率reflectivity反射率deteriorativecharacteristics劣特性processing加performance性linear线性的integratedcircuitchip集电路芯片strength强度ductility延展性deterioration

恶化，劣化mechanicalstrength机强度elevated高corrosive腐性的fabrication制Unitchemicalmakeup化学组成atomicstructure原结构advancedmaterials先材high-technology高技术更多精品文档学习----好料smartmaterials智能材料nanoengineeredmaterials纳工程材料metallicmaterials金材料nonlocalizedelectrons游电conductor导体electricity电heat热transparent透的visible可光polished抛的surface表面lustrous有泽的aluminum铝silicon硅alumina氧化铝silica二化硅oxide氧物carbide碳物nitride氮化物dioxide二化物clayminerals黏矿物porcelain瓷cement水泥mechanicalbehavior力学行为ceramicmaterials陶材料更多精品文档学习----好料stiffness劲度strength强度hard坚硬brittle脆fracture破insulative绝的resistant耐…的resistance耐，阻力，电阻molecularstructures分结构chain-like链状backbone骨carbonatoms碳原子lowdensities低度mechanicalcharacteristics力特性inert隋synthetic（工）合成的fiberglass玻纤维polymeric聚物的epoxy环氧树脂polyester聚酯纤维carbonfiber-reinforcedpolymer碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料glassfiber-reinforcedmaterials玻纤维增强材料high-strength,low-densitystructuralmaterials高强度低密度结构材料solar太能池hydrogenfuel氢料电池更多精品文档学习----好料catalyst催化剂nonrenewableresource不可再生资源Unitperiodictable（素）周期表atomicstructure原结构magnetic磁学的optical光的microstructure微观结构macrostructure宏结构positivelychargednucleus带电的原子核atomicnumber原子序数proton质atomicweight原量neutron中negativelychargedelectrons带电的电子shell壳层magnesium镁chemicalbonds化键partially-filledelectronshells未电子壳bond成键metallicbond金属键nonmetalatoms非属原子更多精品文档学习----好料covalent共价键ionicbond离键Unitphysicalproperties物性质chemicalproperties化学性质flammability易燃性corrosion腐oxidation氧oxidationresistance抗氧化性vapor(vapour)蒸，蒸气，汽melt熔solidify凝vaporize汽，蒸发condense凝sublime升华state态plasma等子体phasetransformationtemperatures相温度density密specificgravity比thermalconductivity热导linearcoefficientofthermalexpansion线热膨胀系数更多精品文档学习----好料electricalconductivityresistivity电导和电阻corrosionresistance抗腐蚀性magneticpermeability磁导率phasetransformations相phasetransitions相crystal晶型meltingpoint熔boilingpoint沸点vaporpressure蒸压atm大气压glasstransitiontemperature玻化转变温度mass质量volume体perunitofvolume每单位体积theaccelerationgravity重力加速度temperaturedependent随温度而变，与温度有关的grams/cubiccentimeter克每立方厘米kilograms/cubicmeter千每立方米grams/milliliter克毫升grams/liter克每升poundspercubicinch磅每立方英寸poundspercubic磅立方英尺酒精苯magnetize磁化更多精品文档学习----好料magneticinduction磁感应强度magneticintensity磁强度constant常vacuum真空magneticfluxdensity磁密度diamagnetic反性的factor因paramagnetic顺磁性的ferromagnetic铁性的non-ferrousmetals非铁金属，有色金属brass黄ferrous含的ferrousmetals含铁金属，黑色金属relativepermeability相对磁导率transformer变器，变换器eddycurrentprobe涡探针Unithardness硬度impactresistance耐冲击性fracturetoughness断裂韧度，断裂韧性structuralmaterials结构材料anisotropic各异性更多精品文档学习----好料orientation取向texture织fiberreinforcement纤增强longitudinal纵transversedirection横shorttransversedirection短横向afunctionoftemperature温的函数，温度条件room室elongation伸长率tension张，拉力compression压缩bending弯曲shear剪torsion扭staticloading静负荷dynamicloading动载荷cyclicloading循载荷，周期荷cross-sectionalarea横截面stress应力stressdistribution应力分布strain应engineeringstrain工应变perpendicular垂normalaxis垂直轴elasticdeformation弹性形变更多精品文档学习----好料plasticdeformation塑性形变qualitycontrol质量控nondestructivetests无损检测tensileproperty抗张性能，拉伸性能Unitlattice晶positiveions正离子acloudofdelocalizedelectrons离域电子云ionization电离，离子化metalloid准属类金属nonmetal非金属diagonalline对角线polonium钋semi-metal半金属lower左下方upperright右方conductionband导带valenceband价electronicstructure电结构syntheticmaterials（工）合成材料oxygen氧oxide氧物rust生更多精品文档学习----好料potassium钾alkalimetals碱属alkalineearthmetals碱金属volatile活的transitionmetals过渡金属oxidize氧barrierlayer阻层basic碱性的acidic酸的electrochemicalseries电化序electrochemicalcell电化电池cleave解，劈开elemental元的，单质的metallic金形态tightly-packedcrystallattice密排晶格，密堆积晶格atomic原半径nuclearcharge核荷numberofbondingorbitals成轨道数overlapoforbitalenergies轨道能重叠crystalform晶planesofatoms原子面agasofnearlyfreeelectrons近自由电子freeelectronmodel自电子模型电子气能带结构更多精品文档学习----好料bindingenergy键能positivepotential正势periodicpotential周性势能band能Brillouin布渊区nearly-freeelectron近由电子模型solidsolution固体puremetals纯金属duralumin硬，拉铝Unitpurification提，净化rawmaterials原料discrete离的，分散的iodine碘long-chain长链alkane烷烃，链烃oxide氧物nitride氮化物碳化物金刚石graphite石墨inorganic无机的mixedionic-covalentbonding离—共价混合键更多精品文档学习----好料constituentatoms组原子conductionmechanism传导机制phonon声子photon光子sapphire蓝宝石visible可光computer-assistedprocesscontrol计机辅助程控制solid-oxidefuelcell固氧化物燃料电池sparkpluginsulator火花塞绝缘材料capacitor电容electrode电electrolyte电质electronmicroscope电显微镜surfaceanalyticalmethods表分析方法Unit12macromolecule高子repeatingstructuralunits重结构单covalent共价键polymerchemistry高子化学polymerphysics高子物理polymerscience高子科学molecularstructure分子结构molecularweights分子量longchains长更多精品文档学习----好料chain-likestructure链状结构单plastics塑rubbers橡胶thermoplastic热性thermoset热固性vulcanizedrubbers硫化橡胶thermoplasticelastomer热弹性体naturalrubbers天然橡胶syntheticrubbers合橡胶thermoplastic热性thermoset热固性resin树脂polyethylene聚烯polypropylene聚丙烯polystyrene聚乙polyvinyl-chloride聚氯乙烯polyvinyl聚乙烯的chloride氯化物polyester聚酯polyurethane聚氨酯polycarbonate聚碳酸酯nylon尼龙acrylics丙烯酸树脂acrylonitrile-butadiene-styreneABS树更多精品文档学习----好料polymerization聚合（作用）condensationpolymerization缩聚additionpolymerization加聚homopolymer均物copolymer共聚物chemicalmodification化学改性terminology术语nomenclature命法chemist化家thePrizeinChemistry诺贝尔化学奖catalyst催化剂atomicforcemicroscope原力显微镜）Unit15composite复材料multiphase多bulkphase体matrix基matrixmaterial基质材料reinforcement增强体reinforcingphase增强相reinforcingmaterial加强材料更多精品文档学习----好料metal-matrixcomposite金基复合材料ceramic-matrix陶基复合材料resin-matrixcomposite树基复合材料strengtheningmechanism增强机理dispersionstrengthened弥强化复合材料particlereinforcedcomposites颗粒增强复合材料fiber-reinforcedcomposites纤维增强复合材料Unit18nanotechnology纳技术nanostructuredmaterials纳结构材料nanometer纳nanoscale纳尺度nanoparticle纳米颗粒nanotube纳管nanowire纳米线nanorod纳米棒nanoonion纳米葱nanobulb纳米泡fullerene富烯size尺寸参数sizeeffect尺效应criticallength临界长度mesoscopic介的更多精品文档学习----好料quantum量子力学quantumeffects量效应surfaceperunitmass单位质量的表面积surfacephysicsandchemistry表物理化学substrate衬，基底graphene石烯chemicalanalysis化学分析chemicalcomposition化成分analyticaltechniques分技术scanningtunneling扫隧道显微镜spatialresolution空分辨率deBrogilewavelength德罗意波长freeelectrons（子）平均自由程quantumdot量点band带continuousdens