新视野大学英语4期末考试范围课件

本材料为新视野大学英语4Unitl-Unit5SectionA课后练习

根据老师的出题范围有所删减

Unit1③

1.Asthegenderbarriers(crumbled),thenumberofwomenworkingaslawyers,

doctors,orbankersbegantoincreasesignificantlyfromthemid-20thcentury.

2.Withthedatacollectedeachyear,theowneroftheshopcan(discern)

customertrendsandhowthingslikeweatherandeconomicindicatorsaffectsales

performance.

3.Hissupervisorpushesandmotivateshiminsuchapositivemannerthatheisnot

onlyabletoreachbutto(surpass)hispersonalgoals.

4.Heisamanwitha(n)(shrewd)businesssense.Hehasbuilthisinitial

investmentintoasubstantialandevenexcessivelylargefortune.

5.The(conversion)ofnuclearradiationdirectlyintoelectricitywasanexciting

possibilitythatwasbeingvigorouslyexploredinmanylaboratoriesinthe1950s.

6.Iwasnotonlyshockedbutalsodisgustedthatthereporttriedto(distort)the

scientificfactsinsuchamannerthatevensomehighly-educatedpeoplewerefooled.

7.Sixty-twoandblessedwithhismother'sskin,thefishermanhadwithstooda

lifetimeofexposuretothesunandlookedas(radiant)asamaninhisforties.

8.FrencheducatorLouisBrailleinventedasimplebut(ingenious)codewhichhas

hadanimpactonthelivesofgenerationsofpeoplewhoareblind.

9.Thesenatorsdidn'texpectustoasksuchtoughquestions,andwhenwefinally

did,theygot(stumped)anddidn'tknowwhattosay.

10.Thisnewlyestablisheduniversitysupportsthe(proposition)thatamore

diversehighereducationsystemisdesirablesinceitwouldenhanceopportunitiesfor

lifelonglearning.

Unit2③

1.Weneedtoimprovethequalityofeducationsothatourchildrenwillnotleave

school(deficient)inliteraryandreasoningskills.

2.Inasocietygovernedbytheruleoflaw,everycitizenissubjecttopossible

(prosecution)ifheviolatesthelaw.

3.Thepaygapbetweenaverageworkersandtopcorporateofficershasledto

pubic(outrage)asexecutivesreceivelargepackagesdespitefallingshareprices.

4.Thedeliciousmeal(appeased)ourhungerandmadeusfeelwarmagainafter

havingwalkedinthesnowallday.

5.Themilitaryinsistson(conformity)inmanyareas,forexample,dressand

haircut,withtheprimaryobjectiveofpromotinggroupunity.

6.Mydaughterusedtoplaywiththedogbytakinga(n)(strand)ofitshairand

thenspendingalongtimerubbing,combingandtwistingit.

7.Whensheleftfortheparty,shetookgreatcaretomakehernecklaceandshoes

(complement)herdress.

8.Itwasnecessarytoprovidelivingplacesfor(transient)immigrantspassing

throughtheareaontheirwaytomorepermanentdwellings.

9.Theyhadjustmovedin,sotheyneededtobuyanumberofkitchen

(appliances)zincludingamicrowaveoven,atoaster,andacoffeemaker.

10.Shewantedabeautifulandelegant(outfit)toattendtheweddingofafriend,

butcouldn'tfindanythingsatisfactoryinthenearbyshops.

Unit3③

1.Thecurtainschangedtheatmosphereofthehousecompletelyandmadeitinto

aplaceof(exquisite)beauty.

2.Asthesun(dispersed)theclouds,weenjoyedourafternoonofplayingcardsin

theforestundertheclearskyandobservingthemostspectacularviewIhaveever

seeninmylife.

3.Thebigcompany(decentralized)theiroperationslastyearandopenedseveral

regionalofficesinthecountrytomeettheneedsofthemarket.

4.Itisnoteasyto(deduce)atrendofgrowthfromtheavailablefactssincethey

arequitescarceandnotthatconvincing.

5.Formerlyfoundonlyinlargeindustrialapplications,microwaveovensnowhave

becomeastandard(fixture)ofmostmodernkitchens.

6.Hecallsonthepublictosaveineverydaylifeandbelievesthat(frugality)isthe

keytobattlingaculturethatrewardsmindlessconsumption.

7.Heissuitableforthepositionasheisyoungenoughtounderstandwhatthe

teenagersthinkbutoldenoughto(administrate)theirprograms.

8.Whenaskedaboutherwhereaboutsat9o'clockthatnight,shegavearather

(disjointed)response,whichcaughtthedetective'sattention.

9.(Reviving)thestalledeconomyandstickingtopromisestobringthedeficit

downnextyearisprovingtobetheprincipaltestforthenewpresident.

10.Aconsiderableperiodoftimehasto(elapse)beforetheeffectsofsuch

securitymeasuresasclosed-circuittelevisioncamerasandcell-phonemonitoring

becomeevidentinreducingcrimes.

Unit4③

1.Iwillconductatop-to-bottomreviewofthestatedepartments,agencies,and

commissions,andseekto(consolidate)ortoeliminatethemwhereappropriate.

2.Toa10-year-oldgirl,youneedtoofferunderstandingaboutherwishesandhelp

her(differentiate)betweenfantasyandreality.

3.Whenweheardaboutthe(dreadful)sufferingofthechildrenandadults,our

primaryinstinct,likemillionsofothers,wastoshedtears.

4.Itwaswhenwestartedlivingtogetherthatwefound,tooursadnessand

surprise,thatwewere(incompatible).

5.Itwas(alleged)thathehadtakena$50,000bribebeforetheprojectwas

transferredtoanothercompany.

6.Thebudgetproposalhasbeendescribedas"(bizarre)"and"inappropnate'1by

peopleobjectingtoit.

7.Itseemsthatwhatpeoplebelieveandwhatresearchershavefoundoutabout

the(correlation)betweenwealthandhappinessaremoredifferentthan

overlapping.

8.Currentexpenditureinthismuseumis(negligible)incomparisonwiththe

hugeamountwhichforeignmuseumsofsimilarstandingspend.

9.Theairandriversinthisareaaregettingcleaner,andattemptstopreserve

animalspeciesandtheir(habitats)havebeenmainlysuccessful.

10.Ifyoucanproviderationaland(intelligible)debatesfromanunbiasedpoint

ofview,maybewewillalllearnsomething.

Unit5③

1.Althoughhewasnotalegalexpert,heknewitwouldnotbeproperto

(fabricate)anythingtomisleadthepublic.

2.Hedoesnotworkfulltimethere,buthehasbeenthe(nominal)headofthe

organization'sscholarshipprogramforfiveyears.

3.AsMarkwalkedthesitesonthatinitialtripofthemigrants,hefoundsome

important(temporal)clues—datedbustickets,shoppingreceiptsandcalendars.

4.Inurbanplanning,itisimportanttotakeintoconsiderationthe(reciprocal)

influencebetweenthetransportationnetworkandotherfacilities,forexample

shoppingcentersandmedicalcenters.

5.Thelabel"SmartChoices"onthefrontoffoodpackagesusually(denotes)

productsthatmeetcriteriaforlowerfat,sugarandsodium(钠)content.

6.ThepublichighschoolgraduationratesinNewMexicoandArizonahavebeen

increasingforthree(consecutive)years,thankstoanonlineprogramthathelps

studentsearnmissingcredits.

7.Intheaccidentattheairshowlastweek,apilotand10(spectators)were

killedwhenafighterplanecrashedintothecrowd.

8.Themotherwasnotsurewheretheboyswent,butshedidhearthem

(muttering)somethingaboutgoingoutforamoviewithfriends.

9.ThisnewlyreleasedportraitofPlanetEarthisactuallya(composite)ofseveral

picturestakenearlierthismonthbyanewresearchsatellite.

10.Youshouldn'tfeelinsulted.Wecanassureyouhemeanttobefriendlyand

therewasnothingimpoliteor(malicious)inhiswords.

Unit1⑦

1.Thebrickwallsoftheruinedbuildings(weredrippingwith)greenmoldand

moisture,andsheshiveredinvoluntarily,lookingdowntoavoidthesight.

2.Asurbanpopulationsexportedfinishedgoods(inexchangefor)rawmaterials

fromneighboringpopulations,organizedtradegrewsubstantially.

3.Knowingjusthowquicklyawildfirecanspread,someresidentsofthevillage

decidedtoleavetheirhomesaftertheflames(flaredup)nearby.

4.Biologyteachersoften(makeananalogybetween)theheartandapumpin

ordertohelpstudentsunderstandhowtheheartworks.

5.Theywouldliketo(setadatefor)theirweddingandannouncetheir

engagementtotheirfamiliesandfriendsassoonaspossible.

6.Hewasdeterminednottosouraperfectlygooddaywiththememoryofone

jealousclassmatetryingto(1)(make)afool(2)(outof)himinfrontoftheentire

class.

7.Thecouple(madeapact)nevertoworkatthesametime,sothatoneofthem

wasalwaysonfull-timeparentingduty,andtheirchildwouldn'thavetobelooked

afterbystrangers.

8.Thepresidentsaidthatit'stheworstearthquakeevertohitthecountry,andthat

he(hadappealedto)theworldforhelp,askinginparticularforheavy-lift

helicoptersabletocarryreliefsuppliesintotheisolatedmountainareas.

Unit2⑦

1.Everymonth,theCommunityServicesCenteroffersseverallecturesonhealth

andfitness(inhopesof)introducingpeopletohealthierlifestyles.

2.Doyouknowwho(cameupwith)theideaofhavingcheesecakefordessert

yesterday?Itwasdeliciousandmadeeveryonehappy.

3.ThepainmedicationleftClaudiafeelingratherdullandsleepy,andsoonafter

dinnersheapologizedforbeingsuchpoorcompanyand(excusedherself)tobed.

4.WhenIwasyoung,I(wasobsessedwith)maps,andIsometimesspentthe

wholedaychartinglandroutesfromonepointtoanother.

5.Tomakeimmigrantscomfortable(reachingoutto)policeforhelp,morethan

70citiesnowbarpolicefromaskingthemtoprovetheirlegalstatus.

6.Marywasoftenaccusedof"havingastrongpersonality"becauseshewasnot

afraidto(voiceanopinionon)subjectsaboutwhichshewasknowledgeable.

7.Attheendofhisterminoffice,thegovernorwascriticizedforfailureto(live

upto)hiscampaignpromise.

8.Resultsofasurveyrevealedthatofthetop10automobilemakers(intermsof)

customersatisfaction,sixwereJapaneseandtwowereGerman.

Unit3⑦

1.Becauseofhisquietpersonality,manypeoplesaidtheywouldnotelecthim

presidentoftheinstitutethoughthey(1)(held)him(2)(inhighregard).

2.PetergraduatedfromcollegeinJuneandstartedhisworkintheautocompany

inAugust.(Intheinterim),hetookatriparoundthecountry.

3.Whenhisadvertisementusingthenewdigitaltechniquedrewasmanyas5,000

responsesovernight,heknewhe(wasontosomething).

4.Whenstudentsaremoreinvolvedintheiracademicandextracurricularactivities,

theywillexperiencearichercampuslife,which(inturn)benefitstheir

development.

5.Thescientistsoftheresearchcenterkeepthegoodhabitofsumminguptheir

experience(fromtimetotime).

6.Whenevertheolderkidsinschooltriedto(pickon)herbrother,shewouldnot

beafraidtostandupforhim.

7.Ifhedoesn'ttrytogetaticketnow,he'sprobablynotgoingtogetone.So,he

mightwantto(takeastabat)itonemoretime.

8.Therearealotofreasonsforreplacingyourharddriveoraddinganewoneto

youroldcomputer,buttheyall(boildownto)theneedformorespace.

Unit4⑦

1.Afterthepainter'smovetoParisin1904,Picasso'sRosePeriodpaintings(took

on)awarmerandmoreoptimisticmoodthanthepreviousBluePeriod.

2.Thereareanumberofdifferentoccasionswhenyoumightbe(calledupon)to

makeaspeech.Therefore,youneedtopracticehowtospeaktoalargeaudience.

3.SchoolsintheUSbelievethatcheatinginexaminations(runsagainstthegrain)

ofthe"honorsystem"proposedbyTomasJeffersonhundredsofyearsago.

4.Beingamajorglobalconcern,rapidpopulationgrowthisbelievedbymanyto

(beincompatiblewith)sustainablemanagementoftheenvironment.

5.Itseemsthatmanypeoplehave(comethrough)periodsofstress,withmore

physicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.

6.Moreandmorenativeplantsdisappeareveryyear.Savingthemisimportant

becauseourownsurvival(isboundup)withtheirfate.

7.It'suptoyouto(differentiatebetween)thosewhohaveyourinterestsat

heartandthosewhowouldtakeadvantageofyou.

8.AlthoughJ.K.Rowling*sHarryPotternovelsarewrittenfor"ages9-12",they

(havestruckachordwith)manyolderreaders.

Unit5⑦

1.Wechattedforhalfanhourbeforehefinally(gottothepoint):Hewantedto

workasabusinessconsultantandwonderedifIcouldpassalongthenamesof

certainpotentialclients.

2.Scientistsattheresearchcenteridentifiedvariousfeaturesthat(areattached

to)thecommoditiespurchasedbyfemaleconsumers.

3.Thethreemountainclimbers(wouldhavestarvedtodeath)ifthevillagershad

notfoundthemlyingatthebottomofthevalley.

4.Theboylookeduptimidlyathisfatherwhowassittingnexttohim,buthedidn't

stopcrying.(Ifanything),hiscryingbecamemoreintense.

5.Sincenooneknewhowthediseasespread,they(weresuspiciousof)

everything,includingmosquitoes,swimmingpools,andpeoplefromother

neighborhoods.

6.Atthepressconference,thegovernmentspokesmanavoidedansweringthe

questionabouthealth-carereformdirectly.Insteadhejust(wanderedaround)to

talkabouttheharsheconomicsituation.

7.Mr.Rogers,whomyoumetinthemuseumyesterday,worksasasoftware

engineerandplaysfolkmusic(ontheside).

8.Theseschoolswereselectedforoursurveybecausethecompositionoftheir

studentbodies(wasrepresentativeof)thedistrict'senrollment,whichincludeda

largeproportionofchildrenfromimmigrantfamilies.

英译汉

UNIT1

AristotlewasanancientGreekphilosopherandscientist.亚里士多德是古希腊的哲

学家和科学家。Hiswritingscovermanysubjects,includingphysics,biology,zoology,

logic,ethics,poetry,theater,music,linguistics,politicsandgovernment,and

constitutethefirstcomprehensivesystemofWesternphilosophy,他的作品涵盖了许

多学科，包括物理学、生物学、动物学、逻辑学、伦理学、诗歌、戏剧、音乐、

语言学、政治和政府，构成了第一个综合的西方哲学体系。Aristotlewasthefirst

toclassifyareasofhumanknowledgeintodistinctdisciplinessuchasmathematics,

biology,andethics.亚里士多德是第一个将人类的知识领域划分为不同学科的

人，如数学，生物学和伦理学。Hebelievedallpeople'sconceptsandalltheir

knowledgewereultimatelybasedonperception.他相信人所有的观念和所有的知

识在根本上都是基于感知能力。Hisviewsonnaturalscienceslaidthegroundwork

formanyofhisworks.他对自然科学的看法构成了他许多作品的基础。He

contributedtoalmosteveryfieldofhumanknowledgeinhisera.他几乎对他所处时

期的每一个人类知识领域都作出了贡献。Hisworkscontaintheearliestknown

formalstudyoflogic,andeventodayallaspectsofAristotle'sphilosophycontinueto

betheimportantsubjectofacademicstudy.他的作品包含了人们所知的最早的关

于逻辑的正式研究，即使在今天，亚里士多德哲学所涵盖的方方面面仍是学术

研究的重要课题。Hisphilosophyhadalong-lastinginfluenceonthedevelopmentof

allWesternphilosophicaltheories.他的哲学对所有的西方哲学理论的发展有着经

久不衰的影响。Morethan2,300yearsafterhisdeath,Aristotleremainsoneofthe

mostinfluentialphilosophersandscientists.在去世2,300多年后，亚里士多德仍

是最有影响力的哲学家和科学家之一。

UNIT2

WilliamShakespeareiswidelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguage

andtheworld'spre-eminent（杰出的）dramatist.人们普遍认为，威廉?莎士比亚是

最伟大的英语作家和世界杰出的戏剧家。Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoa

vastnumberoflanguagesandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyother

playwright.他的剧本被译成多种语言，并且比其他任何剧作家的作品都上演得

多。Shakespeare'searlyworksweremostlycomediesandhistories,莎士比亚的早期

作品大多是喜剧和历史剧。whichhavethereputationofbeingamongthefinest

masterpiecesproducedinthesegenres（体裁）eventoday.即使在今天，这些作品仍

是同类作品中的杰作，享有绝佳声望。Lateron,Shakespearewrotemainly

tragedies,someofwhich,likeHamletandKingLear,earnedhimfameintheentire

Westernliterature.后来莎士比亚的创作主要是悲剧，其中一些作品，如《哈姆雷

特》和《李尔王》，为其在整个西方文学界赢得了声誉。Themoststakingfeatures

ofShakespearearehisbrilliantuseoflanguageandhisuniversalthemes,莎士比亚最

显著的特点是其精彩的语言运用及具有普遍意义的主题。Hecontributed

thousandsofwordstoEnglish,manyofwhichhavebecomeembeddedinthe

language.他创造了数千个英语词汇，其中许多已经深植于英语中。Histhemesare

souniversalthattheytranscendgenerationstostirtheimaginationsofreadersand

audiencesworldwide.他的作品主题具有普遍意义，所以能够数代流传，激发世界

各地读者和观众的想象力。Shakespearehasinfluencedandinspiredmanywriters

overthecenturies.数世纪以来，莎士比亚影响和激励了许多作家。Hiswritings

remainhighlypopulartoday,andtheyareconstantlystudied,performed,and

reinterpretedindiverseculturesthroughouttheworld.其作品至今依旧广受欢迎，

在世界各地的文化中被不断地研究、上演和诠释。Shakespearewillcontinueto

haveanenormousimpactonfutureplaywrights,novelists,poets,actors,and

scholars.莎士比亚将继续对未来的剧作家、小说家、诗人、演员和学者产生巨大

影响。

UNIT3

WiththedevelopmentofcomputerscienceandtheInternettechnology,social

networkingservices（SNS）havecometobeawidelypopularplatformtobuildsocial

networksorsocialrelationsamongpeopleinrecentyears.近年来，随着计算机科学

和互联网技术的发展，社交网络服务（SNS）已经成为人们构建社交网络和社会

关系的一个广受欢迎的平台。SNSareweb-basedservicesthatallowindividualsto

createapublicprofile,createalistofuserswithwhomtoshareconnection,andview

andcrosstheconnectionswithinthesystem.SNS是基于网页的服务，允许个人创

建理向公众的个人简介，创建用户名单以分享社会联系，并对系统内的关系网

进行浏览和交叉连接。Socialnetworkingsitesarevariedandtheyincorporatenew

informationandcommunicationtools,allowinguserstoshareideas,pictures,posts,

activities,events,interestswithpeopleintheirnetwork.社交网站多种多样，可整合

各种新的信息及通讯工具，并允许用户跟网络中的其他人分享观点、图片、帖

子、活动、事件以及兴趣爱好等。SNShaveaffectedthesociallifeandactivityof

peopleinvariousways.SNS已通过各种方式影响到人们的社会生活以及社交活

动。Withitsavailabilityonmanymobiledevices,asocialnetworkingserviceallows

theuserstocontinuouslystayintouchwithfriends,relativesandother

acquaintanceswherevertheyareintheworld,aslongasthereisaccesstothe

Internet.随着各种移动设备对SNS访问的实现，只要能连接上互联网，用户在世

界上的任何地方都能一直与朋友、亲戚及其他认识的人保持联络。Asocial

networkingservicecanalsounitepeoplewithcommoninterestsandbeliefsthrough

groupsandotherpages,andhasbeenknowntoreunitelostfamilymembersand

friendsbecauseofthewidespreadreachofitsnetwork.SNS还可让拥有相同兴趣和

信念的人通过群组或其他页面建立联系，同时，由于其网络分布广阔，还能让

失散的家庭成员或朋友重新团聚，这点早已为人所知。

UNIT4

BaroquearchitectureisabuildingstylethatflourishedinEuropebetweenthelate

16thandmid-18thcentury.巴洛克建筑是一种建筑风格，兴盛于16世纪晚期至18

世纪中期的欧洲。ItevolvedoutofRenaissancearchitectureinItaly,whenthe

Renaissancearchitectsbegantogetboredofthesymmetry（对称）andsameold

formstheyhadbeenusingforthepast200years,andstartedtomakebold,curving

andnotatallsymmetricalbuildingscalledtheBaroquebuildings.它由意大利文艺复

兴时期的建筑发展而来，当时文艺复兴建筑师开始对过去200多年来一直沿用

的对称的、一成不变的旧建筑形式感到厌倦，开始建造醒目的、具有曲线性而

非对称的巴洛克建筑。Baroque-stylebuildingssharesomecommoncharacteristics.

巴洛克风格的建筑有一些共同特征。Marble,gilt（镀金）andbronzewerethe

materialstheBaroquearchitectsusedinabundance,大理石、镀金、青铜是巴洛克

建筑师大量使用的材料。Ovalwasthemostdistinctandaverycommonshape

incorporatedintoBaroquearchitecture.椭圆形是巴洛克建筑最鲜明且十分常见的

形状。Dramaticuseoflightisimportant,andisachievedeitherthroughstrong

light-and-shadecontrastsoruniformlightingbymeansofwindows.戏剧性的光照运

用也是其重要特征，主要是通过强烈的光影对比或由窗户进入的均匀光线来实

现。Opulentuseofcolorandornamentsisprevalent,ascanbeseeninthe

large-scalefrescoes（湿壁画）paintedontheceilings,丰富的色彩和装饰运用也很常

见，这从天花板上的大幅壁画中可以看出。Thereisusuallyacentralprojection

thatisquitelargeandjutsoutward,anddomeserectedinapearshapeareoften

seen.巴洛克建筑通常正中还有一个相当大并且向外突出的部分，梨形的拱顶也

十分常见。Themostwell-knownBaroquebuildingsincludetheSt.Paul'sCathedral

intheUKandthePalaceofVersaillesinFrance.最著名的巴洛克建筑包括英国的圣

保罗大教堂和法国的凡尔赛宫。GianLorenzoBerniniandFrancescoBorromini

werethetwomainarchitectsoftheBaroqueera.杰安•劳伦佐•贝尼尼和弗朗西斯

科•博罗米尼是巴洛克时期两位主要的建筑师。

UNITS

TheRenaissancewasaninfluentialculturalmovementwhichbroughtaboutaperiod

ofscientificrevolutiona