专业英语翻译

专业英语翻译DiscusstheconstructiontemperatureandcrackoftheconcretelightlyThesummary,throughobservationliveformanyyears,throughconsultingthemonographaboutstresswithintheconcrete,explaintoconcretetemperaturereason,on-the-spotconcretecontrolandmeasure,preventionofcrackoftemperaturethatcrackproduce.KeywordConcreteTemperaturestressCrackControlTheconcreteoccupiestheimportantpositioninmodernengineeringconstruction.Buttoday,thecrackoftheconcreteiscomparativelygeneral,thecracksarenearlyomnipresentinthescienceofbridgebuilding.Thoughwetakevariouskindsofmeasuresinconstructing,careful,butthecrackstilloccursnowandthen.Tracingittoitscause,itisoneofthemincompletelythatourchangetoconcretetemperaturestresspaysattentionto.Inthelargevolumeconcrete,temperaturestressandtemperaturecontrolaresignificant.Thisismainlybecauseofthereasonoftworespects.Firstofall,concreteoftenappearthetemperaturecrackinnotconstructing,influencetheglobalityanddurabilityofthestructure.Secondly,inthecourseofoperating,thetemperaturechangehasremarkableinfluencethatcan'tbeignoredonthestressstateofthestructure.Whomwemeettoconstructtemperaturecrackinmainly,soonlytoorigincauseofformationandtreatmentmeasure,concreteofcrackmakeadiscussioninconstructingthistext.1、ReasonofacrackHavemanykindsofreasonstoproducethecrackintheconcrete,itismainlythechangesoftemperatureandhumidity,fragilityanddisparityoftheconcrete,andthestructureisunreasonable,therawmaterialsnotuptostandard(ifthealkaliaggregatereact),thetemplateisoutofshape,thefoundationdoesnotsubsideetc.evenly.Thecementemitsalargeamountofheatofhydrationwhentheconcreteishardenned,insidetemperatureisrisingconstantly,causethestressofdrawingonthesurface.Inthecourseofloweringthetemperature,isitcongealfoundationpayrestraintomixalwayslaterstage,willpresentthestressofdrawingwithintheconcrete.Reducingoftemperaturecansurfacecauseheavystressofdrawingveryinconcretetoo.Whenthesedrawthestressandgobeyondresistingtheabilityofsplittingofconcrete,namelywillpresentthecrack.Alotofinsidehumidityofconcretechangeverylightorchangerelativelyslow,surfacehumiditymightchangeheavytheviolentchangetakesplacing.Suchasmaintainingthoroughly,whengettingwetterwhennotdoing,contractsurfacetherearen'tdeformationdoing,oftencausethecracktoo.Theconcreteisakindoffragilitymaterial,tensilestrengthisabout1/10ofthecompressionstrength,isitcarryonone'sshoulderorbacklimitwhendrawoutofshapetohave*104only,isitcarryonone'sshoulderorbacklimitlocationwhenstretchoutofshapetothereis*104toaddforalongtimetoaddashorttime.Becauserawmaterialseven,waterdustthanunstable,transportandbuildphenomenonofemanatingofcourse,itstensilestrengthisnoteveninthesameconcrete,alotofresisttheabilityofdrawingverylow,itisapttopresenttheweakpositionofthecrack.Amongarmoredconcrete,drawstresstoundertakebyreinforcingbarmainly,concretebearstressofkeepingjust.Orreinforcingbarmixifedgepositiongonetotocongealpresentthestressofdrawinginthestructureinplainconcrete,mustrelyontheconcreteoneselftobear.Requiretoavoidthestressofdrawingoronlyverysmallstressofdrawingappearsofthethegeneraldesign.Buttheconcreteiscooledfrommaximumtemperaturetothesteadytemperatureofoperatingperiodinconstructing,oftencausesizabletodrawthestresswithintheconcrete.Thetemperaturestresscanexceedotheroutsidesandloadthestressescausedsometimes,knowchangelaw,temperatureofstressforcarryonreasonablestructuraldesignandconstructextremelyimportant.2、Analysisof2temperaturestressesCanbedividedintofollowingthreestagesaccordingtotheformingprocessofthetemperaturestress:(1)Itisearly:Buildconcreteisitisitoverbasicallytosendoutheattocementtobegin,generallyoneonedaybyoneself.Twocharacteristicsatthisstage,first,thecementemitsalargeamountofheatofhydration,second,mixandcongealthechangingsharplyofelasticmodelquantity.Becauseofthechangeofelasticmodelquantity,formtheremainingstressintheconcreteinthisperiod.(2)Middleperiod:Uptilltheconcreteiscooleduntilstabilitytemperaturefromcementsendoutheatfunctionbasicallywhenexpiring,inthisperiod,thetemperaturestressismainlybecausethecoolingoftheconcreteandexternaltemperaturechangecause,thesestressesandremnantsstressesthatisformedinearlydaysaresuperposed,mixandcongealtheelasticmouldamountthatgoestoanddoesnotchangemuchduringthisperiod.(3)Laterperiod:Operationperiodafterthecompletecoolingofconcrete.Temperaturestresswhetherexternaltemperaturechangecausemainly,thesestressesandfirsttwokindsofremnantsstressesesarechangedandadded.Canbedividedintotwokindsaccordingtothereasonwhythetemperaturestresscauses:(1)Spontaneousstress:Therearenotanyrestraintortotallystaticstructureattheborder,ifinsidetemperatureisnon-lineardistribution,temperaturestressappearingbecausestructurerestrainsfromeachother.Forexample,thebodyofmoundofthebridge,thephysicaldimensionisrelativelylarge,surfacetemperatureislowwhentheconcreteiscooled,insidetemperatureishigh,presentthestressofdrawingonthesurface,presentthestressofpressinginthemiddle.(2)Restrainthestress:Allofthestructureonesoritrestrainexternalonesomeborder,can'toutofshapeandstressnotcausenotfree.Suchascaseroofbeamroofconcreteandguardrailconcrete.Thistwokindsoftemperaturestressesdrawbackstressescausedtoactonwiththedoingofconcretetogetherfrequently.Itisamorecomplicatedjobtowanttoanalysethedistribution,sizeofthetemperaturestressaccuratelyaccordingtoknowntemperature.Incaseofgreatmajority,needtorelyonthemodeltestorthenumbervaluetocalculate.Toisitmaketemperaturestresshavesizablelimptocreepconcrete,atthestressaccountingtemperature,mustconsidertheinfluencethatcreep,calculateconcretlythatnolongerstatesthinlyhere.3、Controlandpreventingthemeasureofthecrackof3temperatureForpreventcrack,lightentemperaturestresscanfromcontroltemperatureandisitisitsetabouttorestraintermsfromtwotoimprove.若The日meas嗓ure蹲ofc响ontr店olli奴ngt鱼empe夏ratu搏rei梢sas俊fol蹦lows溪:无(舌1)Is烫it仙impr残ove酱aggr精egat藏egr训ade专mix擦,is贡it仔dor胖igid图con日cret衫eto拆spe吹nd,虹mix沃mix章ture酱to充adop胖t,i逮sit刷gui毅dea都ngry握pha组rmac山euti哥cal踪orp绞last纸ific食atio极nph艳arma毒ceut外ical酱,et舅c.m柱easu泳rei塑nor译der号tor钢educ家ece叼ment谈con涛sump蜂tion秃of核conc残rete自to拘add;巨增(礼2)Ad只dwa钳ter江ort繁hew甜ater率to养cool视the忧bro剃ken牙ston栗ein袍ord油ert天ore侍duce感the为tem撒pera盼ture答of呈buil江ding候of贿the岁conc珠rete芳whi股lem宫ixin悄gan疤dsh另utti纵ngt还hec部oncr宋ete;灵休(恭3)Re驻duce倾the珍thi装ckne睁sso懂fbu别ildi朽ngw缸hile俩bui畜ldin道gth候eco酸ncre终teo潜nho戒tda米y,u饭tili声zea啦ndb现uild往the蝶asp柏ect逮tod痛ispe屋lth骗ehe屡at;凤(蓝4)Bu译ryt得hew国ater茧pip厘eun岗derg瞧roun坐din娇the混con剃cret丧e,e劣nter击the脾col移dwa扶ter略tol鞋ower返the客tem责pera纤ture饥ope差nly;距佳(留5)St腾ipul毒ate糖rati录onal继for捡mre蠢mova桶lti港me,革the汤temp拔erat走ure教keep女swa咱rmt渐hes厉urfa园cew福hile套low似erin玉gsu菌dden识ly,贩inc然ase江that陈the握rap汽idt旗empe锣ratu旺reg佩radi母ent斑take必spl家ace匪int正hec芒oncr键ete绩surf亲ace;狸明(激6)Th逆eco涉ncre辟tew示ith仰medi嫁uma敏ndl活ong-镇term条and航exp唯osed盟con培stru吹ctio忙nbu钳ilds谱ap溉iece渗of耕surf邪ace萌ort包hin冶wall岭str速uctu拥re,伤take派the第mea桶sure普of杯keep接ing切warm民in衬cold恶sea血son;前披The葡meas锅ure秋ofi妈mpro松ving票con丑diti仙ono岗fre慌stra华inin孕gis寄:堵(圆1)Di拿vide逝and挺sew可and刑div咸ide于one棋rati蜡onal稍ly;效沈(丸2)Pr傲even顿tth嚷efo非unda挑tion装fro央mri狐sing晋and乘fal毛ling访too抢big她;植(让3)Ra羞tion沫ala棍rran捉geme图ntc等onst县ruct股ion劫proc键ess,仿pre劣vent虽the摊too泳big料dis抚crep索ancy屑in掩elev否atio音nan首dsi输def避rom财expo阀sing莲for漫al脖ong牵time厉;工Ina且ddit恭ion,捕imp苹rove胜the榴per姐form么ance坚of耐the警conc心rete参and释imp爽rove榴and邻res喝ist示the兽abil神ity弦ofs垒plit辟ting卖,st双reng峰then机mai铺nten枪ance扯,p激reve愧ntt誓hes百urfa毒cef抚rom语bein槐gdo截nea橡ndc富ontr住acte架d,字espe誉cial消lyg篮uara往ntee凤the竿qua青lity枝of棵the慕conc扰rete卫is落very跳imp佳orta童ntt彼opr填even盾ting井the羊cra黎ck,号shou蛙ldp旧ays遵peci斑ala台tten盲tion类to咸avoi准ding逝pro培duci均nga驻ndr驼unni胞ngt悄hrou窜ght束hec后rack跑,t颤heg遮loba饼lity齐res纳umed辨its纷str虹uctu改rea源fter西app跳eari执ngi另sve泥ryd鼠iffi患cult析,so费sho信uld档rely碧mai虫nly浇onp嘱reve州ntin肯gth邪eem蒜erge舌nce炒oft网her办unni史ngt杀hrou扶ghc艘rack绣whi饥lec被onst滤ruct记ing.委趟Inc臂onst过ruct鸦ion躁ofc匙oncr耽ete权,fo恐rra燥ise骄turn净over摸rat尤eof脊tem双plat岂e,沾dema凝ndc方oncr蛙ete沟form取rem撇oval由as寿soon清as繁poss梳ible昏tha引tbu侦ild皇newl害yof下ten.狸Sho紫uld汗cons红ider奇for泊mre汁mova校lti门mep便rope累rly伟when劲con幻cret塔ete宾mper火atur话eis答hig鬼her蔬than臭the嗽tem海pera她ture月,so瞧as杏not仰toc大ause认the训sup亿erfi析cial袭ear童lyc筐rack要of盲conc雷rete改.Bu否ildi飘ngt渣hee竟arly泪for雅mre赠mova膊lne险wly,书cau练sev缺ery调larg或est苹ress俯of魔draw诸ing淹ont言hes浅urfa脾ce,熟the其phen挣omen统ont外hat手"te检mper址atur台eis骗ass弦ault创ed"快app霉ears突.Bu酒ild酬init紫ial位stag疾ein瞧con劈cret肢e,b娃ecau捉seh经eat旋ofh养ydra厅tion热is串sent穷out眨,th炼esu殿rfac佩eca服uses角siz桂able否to匪draw恼the切str堡ess,仰sur旱face揉tem古pera吐ture艺is盯also蹦hig捕her遣than虏tem睡pera眼ture滑at滋this域mom言ent,身rem密ove屿the课temp根late泽at击this元mom探ent桑,su写rfac棉ete港mper哀atur枕eis裕low白ered服sud泡denl对y,m之ust硬caus朝ete领mper榴atur罪egr愁adie殊nt,膊thu幻sad巧dan彼ddr牧awt术hes央tres蜂son照the缠sur眉face烟,c腰hang只ean膏dad链dwi糊tht静heh甚eat绵ofh趣ydra喂tion超str滔ess,贡in氏addi顷tion转,th逢eco扎ncre热ted轨ries书and影con礼trac倡ts,响the平sup营erfi辛cial疗str弟ess畜ofd幕rawi沉ngr舰each向esv岩ery夺grea怖tnu惕mber香val刃ue,撑have既dan午ger掉ofc垦ausi故ngt劝hec虏rack帜,bu伪tco疯ver提ali富ght-迎duty订hea挣tin甘sula抢tor袋with单on鸦the唱surf段ace愉int草ime甚afte谈rre尼movi袭ngt崇het喇empl客ate奋,fo磨rin松stan及cef娃oam基spon辅ge,辉etc.句,fo惜rpr辫even棒tco哈ncre纵tes望urfa启cef饮rom双prod絮uce违the启too愧big嚷stre闷sso绘fdr夏awin侍g,h听ave吨rema伍rkab市ler虏esul撒ts.堵Add园musc晨lei桑nflu镰ence绪to巷larg独evo猪lume斩tem荡pera誓ture送str撇ess荐ofc行oncr基ete渐very兆lig永ht,殊bec杯ause番lar太gev树olum构eco唱ncre住tei珠nclu交dem泽uscl哭eto过be辣rate抗ver抄ymu州chl鼓ow.犹Just姨hav吊ein迁flue邮nce巾ont烧heg矮ener滨ala遗rmor怒edc萍oncr谨ete.滚On果term府sth苏att溜empe栏ratu微rei洒sno近tve青ryh虑igh袍and篮the昆stre闪ssi喷sle姓sst患han万limi幕tof殊sur料rend差erin剑g,e腔very丽per弃form榴ance覆of恩the扎stee蓬lis杜ste传ady,趋and眼hav舞eno帖thin馒gto坟do介with挥str酿ess帅stat浩e,辨time哪and沉tem珠pera照ture须.Li腔neb宝loat锹edc劝oeff谈icie以nto者fst逐eel港and堵conc辣rete辨lin关ebl饲oate吹dco粉effi威cien阅tdi课ffer恳ence腐ver派yli建ght,棍tak润epl表ace株litt就lei诚nter甘nal箭stre缘ssv薪ery厨only衫bet司ween遣the倾two治whi例lec致hang识ing耍int站empe善ratu汇re.束Beca容use咽elas剂tic院moul吧dam定ount隔of穷stee时lco送ncre幅tee理last号icm驻ould歌7~1愈5of词qua顶ntit绸y,r史each询as计inte馆rior仅con尸cret数est只ress度ten芽sile惹str撑engt根han枝dwh盲enf也ract渔urin忍g,t制hes灶tres称sof忆the麦rei哑nfor遍cing裳bar留wil纯lno栋tex皮ceed闻100时00kg逗/cm2定..封Soi桨sit捧is劫itp晨reve愿ntt济iny车appe滚aran俗ced符iffi牧cult斜yve驴rym狐uch遥ofc屯rack泽fro举mto撇mak次eus帝eof斗rei鹿nfor蝶ci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