托福听力场景学科分类词汇大全

听力场景词汇colloquiumn.报告课tutorial个人辅导课程workshop专题课程级别学科major主修minor副修science理科,arts文科,engineering工科Introductory入门级elementary,fundamental初级Intermediate,secondary中级Advanced高级Prerequisite先修课程上课：Mathematics数学physics物理chemistry化学biology生物学Attendclass上课geography地理学electronics电子学computerscience计算机科学astronomy天文学electronicsengineering电子工程学botany植物学Missclass缺课Skipclass逃课Syllabus教学大纲Requiredtextbook要求的课本Attendance出勤Gradingsystem打分体系Classparticipation课堂参与psychology心理学zoology动物学architecture建筑学oceanography海洋学ecology生态学medicalscience医学archaeology考古学history历史学杂semester/term学期quarter小学期courseguideline课程纲要major主修minor副修exemption免修linguistics语言学syllabus教学大纲pedagogies教育学，教学法anthropology人类学economics经济学statistics统计学Professor’ssignature注册课程）Coursecap数）,accounting会计学philosophy哲学类型openings（可供注册的名额）Take选（课）,drop退（课）Lateregistration晚注册Deregistration注销教师称号、compulsorycourse必修课selective/optionalcourse选修课electivecourse选修课lecture讲座professor教授lecturer=instructor讲师teachingassistant=TA助教seminar高级研讨性课researchassistant=RA助研counselor,adviser咨询者，顾问president大学校长teacher/faculty教师student'sadvisor学生顾问physicist物理学家finaldraft完成稿speech演讲presentation演讲，陈述eyecontact目光接触intonation音调mathematician数学家chemist化学家historian历史学家statistician统计学家mid-termexam期中考finalexams=finals期末考cumulativefinal总结性考试take-homeexam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）assignment作业homework=coursework=schoolwork=studies作业labreport实验报告bookreport读书报告project作业open-bookexam开卷考试subjectivetest主观性测试objectivetest客观性测试popquiz抽查式测验bluebook答题本assessmentn估价presentation发言appraisal评价,估价termpaper学期论文（research）makeupfor补考,thesis/essay/dissertation论文journal学术期刊resit,retake重考grade（mark、score）分数socialinvestigation社会调查survey调查questionnaire调查表,问卷observation观察成绩：perfectgrade优异成绩lowgrade低分interviewvt.n.采访highmark高分collectdata收集数据broad论文等内容宽泛narrowdown论文等缩小范围source（写论文的）参考资料criticalthinking评判性思维lackyourownideas缺少自己的想法deadline最终期限passinggrade及格分failinggrade不及格分fullmarks满分straightA's全AbeallA'sandB's全是A和BBplusB加AminusA减extension延期duedate/time期限passtheiexamwithflyingcolors以优异成绩通过考试outlinen.大纲,提纲(roadmap)bibliographyn书目,参考书目reference参考graduatewithhonors以荣誉毕业diploma,degree,certificate文凭，学位，证书plagiarismn.抄袭revisev.修改考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法rewritev.重写Alternativehypothesis,Collectdatalibrary图书馆Survey,questionnaireExperimentlibrarian图书管理员publication出版物Interfere,influenceObservationperiodical期刊magazine杂志AnalyzedataInterpretdataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectbookcatalogue图书目录classifiedcatalogue分类目录bibliography参考书目titleindex书目索引alphabeticindex按字母顺序排列的索引SampleTreatmentgroupNon-treatmentControlgroupcirculationdesk借书处reservedbooks馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）librarycard借书证overduefine过期罚金periodicalreadingroom期刊阅览室onlinejournal在线期刊videotape录像带backissue过期杂志currentissue近期杂志archive档案non-fiction非小说类文学作品science-fiction科幻小说copier复印机checkout办理（借、还）手续renew续借Letterofreference/recommendationCompetitiveBenefitfuturecareerFieldresearchCollectdataforpapersWaiter,waitress，BabysitterWorkatthelibraryQualification资格,qualified合格的Resume,CVfinancialaid经济援助ScholarshipFellowshipTeachingassistantship助教奖学金Researchassistantship研究奖学金Grant助学金overdue过期interlibraryservice馆际服务部分名称informationdesk服务台delivery/circulationdesk借书台shelf书架photocopyroom复印室returnarea还书处Loan贷款studentslocker学生存储间referencesection参考书部Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based以优秀为基础Studentunion学生会Clubs俱乐部Membership成员资格CareerserviceHypothesisauditoriumn.会堂,礼堂=lecturehallassembly集合,集会hallcomputerlab计算实验室，机房dininghall食堂enrollment登记,注册openingceremony开业典礼,仪式commencementceremony毕业典礼convocation业典礼）orientationmeeting开学说明会staff全体职员宿舍：accommodation住处,膳宿residencehall宿舍freshman（大学）一年级学生sophomore（大学）二年级学生junior（大学）三年级学生senior（大学）四年级学生tuition,fee费用placementtest开学测试excellent出色的average平均的，一般的belowaverage低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓:university-president大学，校长chancellor名誉校长college学院school学院dean院长suite套间studio工作室，独立套间village村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridorn.走廊,过道，租房lease租借,租约landlord房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant房客pation.阳台，slidingdoor推拉门singleroom单人房twinroom双人房two-bedroomapartmenthousekey房锁匙床上用品:principal中学校长professor教授associateprofessor副教授assistantprofessor助理教授coordinator班主任，协调人counselor辅导员advisor指导老师instructor讲师tutor个人辅导supervisor管理人pillown.枕头bedlinenn.床上用品sheetn.被单undergraduate本科graduate研究生mattressn.床垫blanketn.毯子建筑物buildings:餐厅toweln.手巾,毛巾quiltn.棉被cafeteria.自助餐厅administrationbuilding行政大楼mainbuilding主楼电器类electricappliance(instrument;equipment)电器wing/annex配楼teachingbuilding教学楼dormitory宿舍heater,furnace加热器，炉子heatingunit暖气片airconditioner空调设备stove炉子garbage/rubbish/wasten.垃圾disposev.处理gasmeter煤气表insectn.昆虫microwaveoven微波炉washer/dryer洗衣机/烘干机（laundry洗衣店）utensil器皿；用具kitchenutensil炊具oven烤箱；烤炉range煤气灶burglar夜贼leaking/leakagen.泄漏lostkey丢钥匙breakin闯入dishwasher洗碟机washingmachine洗衣机(hot-water)heater热水器coffeepot咖啡壶refrigerator(freezer)冰箱vacuumcleaner吸尘器tapeplayer录音机CDplayerCD机Laundromat自动洗衣店maintenance维修，保养家具类furniture家具bookshelf书架bookcase书柜couch沙发chest柜子；橱；箱子dresser(bureau)梳妆台cabinet电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard(closet)碗橱storagewall壁橱rug小地毯carpet地毯curtain窗帘bathtub浴缸fixture（房屋）固定装置furnishings室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpossessions/property/belongings个人财产getinsuranceforpersonalpossessions/property/belongs【小站托福TPO】iPad版Practice模式下，可以逐题突破，对照注解、原文及翻译；长按原文单词，可以开启字典查词功能，也可加入生词本，每日反复背诵加强；Test模式下，可高度模拟真实考试，为考试做好充分准备。1-34套TPO+Extra，全真模考、试题精析，查单词、生词本、精准翻译、优秀范文一应俱全。boomn.爆炸Blast爆炸Avalanchen.雪崩Earthsinterior地球的内部Seismicwaves地震波Compression压缩Sliden.滑坡ShearaLandslide山体滑坡Mud泥土,soil土壤Earthn.土a）Slowdown减慢速度Reflect反射Depth深度Density密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Sink下沉Groundwater地下水Irrigationn.灌溉Freeze,froze,frozenv.冷冻Meltv.融化moltenGravity重心Aggravatev.加重Leanv.倾斜Slopen.斜坡Steep陡峭Erodev.,erosionn.腐蚀Fossiln.化石Dinosaur恐龙Sediment,deposit沉淀物Marble大理石Continentalplate大陆板块TectonicplateContinentaldrift大陆漂移Layer,strata层Stratify分层Crack裂缝Moltenlava融化的岩浆Climaticshift=Climaticchanges气候变化ConsistentpatternSolarenergy太阳能Radiate发射，放射Crudeapproximation大概的猜测Speculation猜测Coolingdown冷却Mechanism机制LengthofthedayPhysicalforce体力Imaginaryline虚拟线Artificialreservoir人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin快速旋转Minerals矿物质Diverse多样的Specimen，Sample样品granite花岗岩Ore矿石Stalactite钟乳石Refinev.提炼Platinumv.铂金Seismology地震学Vibration,tremor,震动Wave波动volcanic火山，火山的eruption火山喷发Magnitude级数Collisionn.碰撞Active积极的Dormant休眠的Extinctadj.熄灭的Magma岩浆Lava岩浆Eruptv.喷发explodev.爆炸(explosion)Abundant丰富的tropics热带地区Glassy像玻璃的Arctic/theNorthPole北极Antarctic/Antarctica南极theAntarctic南极洲theAntarctic南极圈theArcticCircle北极圈aurora极光tropicsofCancer北回归线tropicsofCapricorn南回归线internationaldateline国际日期变更线timedifference时差timezone时区Amazonstones天河石Firingvapor炙热的水蒸汽Wipeout根除，彻底消灭MtEverest珠穆朗玛峰Elevation海拔，海拔增高Precisemeasurement精确的测量GlobalPositioningSystem全球定位系统Longitude经度Latitude维度Alternativesourcesofenergy可替代资源topography地形/地形学plain平原GashydrateTrap困住plateau/highland高地lowland低地Flame火焰basin盆地Potential潜在的oasis绿洲Model模式enclave飞地Geologicalfault地质断层Crack裂缝peak山峰cordillera/ranges山脉carven/cave洞穴terrain地域seismicppostulate假设chunk大块cylinder圆柱cylindrical圆柱形的groundtiltmeasurement地倾斜观测evacuate撤出subterranean地底下coastland沿海地区coastline海岸线watershed分水岭upperreaches上游lowerreaches下游tributary支流sedimentaryaccumulate积累deposit沉积spring/fountain泉水iceberg冰山riverbed河床hemisphere半球meridian子午线/经线parallel平行圈gulf/bay海湾waterfall瀑布cascade小瀑布；喷流reef暗礁latitude纬线longitude经线/经度elevation海拔tide湖水torrent水的急流altitude高度/海拔horizon地平线equator赤道tropicalrainforest热带雨林continentalisland大陆岛volcanicisland火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛temperaturelatitudes温带地区islet小岛peninsular半岛archipelago群岛悬崖eon世；纪；代glacier冰河delta三角洲Pangaea盘古大陆dune沙丘Lagoon咸水湖landlockedarea内陆inlandwaterway内陆河subcontinent次大陆cliff山崖valley山谷hillside/mountainslope山坡continentalshelf大陆架canyon/gorge峡谷channel/strait海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的/陆地的terrestrialheat/geothermal地热terrestrialmagnetism地磁continentaldrift大陆漂移学sea-floorspreading海床扩展evaporation蒸发Insurance保险Note注意Contract合约Verbalagreement口头协议Repay偿还Interest利息Merchant商人Cautious谨慎的ParamountLabel标签salinity含盐度oceanbottom海床sediment沉积物Contention所持观点Inform告知tropical热带的Cost成本温带的frigid寒带的Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supplyanddemand供求frostheaving冻胀现象tundra苔原，冻原fieldstone卵石theMediterraneanSea地中海theprimevalforest原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚半岛瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)Fjord[fj:d]峡湾SupplychainFluctuation浮动Recession衰退Depression萧条Marketingstrategies市场营销策略Survey调查Surplus剩余coralreef珊瑚礁Chalk白垩纪cataclysm大洪水Shipment运输Distribution分布Retail零售ridge山脊；分水岭abyss深渊Wholesale批发territory版图；领土地域Pyrenees比利牛斯山脉Carpathians喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius维苏威火山Pompeii庞贝Socrates,PlatoandAristotleTheme主题Logic逻辑Rhetoric修辞constellation星座Fundamentalcauses基本原因Principlesoftheuniverse宇宙的原则Perceive看待，观察Perception观点zodiac（星象学的星座）planet行星sun恒星Jupiter木星Sense感觉Soul灵魂spiritPluto冥王星Saturn土星Element组成成分Reasoning推理Mercury水星Mars火星Ration理性,rational有理性的Contemplation沉思，思考Judgment判断Venus金星Neptune海王星UranusJustjustice公正Justify证明,justification合理的理由Explicit明确的Ethics道德规范Ethicaltheory伦理理论Moral有道德的Ultimatetruth终极真理Universal普遍的Searchfortruth追求真理Varyv.不相同Ceres谷物星（）Whitedwarf白矮星BigDipper北斗七星Asteroidbelt小行星带MilkyWay银河系Galaxy星系orbitv.运行n.轨道rotatev.转Axisn.轴Intrinsic内部的trackn.轨道Extrinsic外部的Critic评论家outerspace外太空gravity重力Old-fashioned过时的Valuable有价值的Survive生存，存活Conservative保守的Liberal开放的equator赤道tropical热带的brightness亮度dimensionn.维度distancen.距离Impractical不实际的Eclipse日月食)Wane,diminishv.逐渐变小Centripetal向心EmpiricalCognitive认知的Weaken削弱Centrifugal离心Diminish（影响力）减小Medieval中世纪Nebula星云）Nebulousadj.星云的Gas气体(rock,ice,hydrogen,oxygen)Particle微粒Renaissance文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism唯心论，理想主义Epistemologyn.认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停Polarlight极光Astronomical天文的Astrophysics天文物理学BigDipper北斗七星Blackhole黑洞Planetarium天文馆Planetoid小行星Polestar北极星Celestial天体的Pseudoscience伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation辐射Revolution旋转Rotation旋转Satellite卫星Skyatlas天体图Solarcorona日冕Spacedebris太空垃圾Spaceshuttle太空飞船Spacesuit太空服Spin快速旋转Celestialmap天体图Centrifugalforce离心力Chondrite球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise顺时针Cluster星团，一群星星Comet彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission排放物，发射Faint微弱的Starcluster星群，星团Stellar星星的Feeble微弱的Gaseousbodies气态包Gravitationalforce吸引力Greenwichmeantime格林尼治时间Highresolution高清晰度Ignite引燃Sunspot太阳黑子Timedifference时差Timezone时区Illusiveobject幻影物体Image影响，形象Infinite无限的乐）Infraredray红外射线Interferometer干扰仪Intergalactic星系间的Internationaldateline国际日期变更线Interplanetary星球间的Interstellar星际的Genre艺术分类Performingart表演艺术moderndancepiece现代舞concert音乐会play剧Leapyear闰年opera歌剧Lightyear光年film电影Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive巨大的Meteor流星Meteorshower流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten融化的Nakedeye裸眼camera摄影camerashotanalytical分析的parallel平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer舞蹈指导Fine/visualarts视觉艺术Abstractart抽象艺术landscape风景Observatory天文台Photosphere光球层photography摄影exposure曝光developfilm冲洗胶卷negativen.底片portrait(portrayv.肖像,人像、stilllife静物drama戏剧novel小说Novelist小说家collectionofshortstories短篇小说集Allegory寓言sculpture雕塑statue人物雕像Comparativeliterature比较文学Diary日记lifelike逼真的vividanthem国歌Editorial社论，重要评论Fiction小说Critic评论家Aestheticism唯美Criticism批评，评论Review评论Descriptiveprose描述散文Fairytale童话Masterpiece杰作Haveaestheticvalue有美学价值Aestheticappeal美学吸引力Feature特点Characteristics特点Distinctadj.与众不同的Unique独一无二的Style风格Technique技巧Gallery画馆Editionn.专辑Releasev.发行Futurism未来派Legend传说Literarystudies文学研究Narrativeprose叙述性散文Podium讲台Realism现实主义Schoolofliterature文学派别Leadingcharacter主要角色Literarycriticism文学评论Literarystudies文学学习Modernism现代主义Plot情节Debut首映Poetry诗歌Impressionist印象主义者Impressionism印象派Perspective透视法Angle角度Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism超现实主义Press/Publishinghouse出版社Acclaimv.盛赞mirage海市蜃楼prolific多产Preservev.保存Artgallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Extinctadj.灭绝的，消失的Landscapepainting风景画Oilpainting油画Paste粘贴Crayon蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation颜料Canvas帆布Literature文学Wax蜡Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography自传detectivestories侦探小说Spectrum光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural壁画Panorama全景Pasteldrawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Harmony和弦，和谐Rockandroll摇滚Serenade小夜曲Solo独奏Sonata奏鸣曲Symphony交响乐Ballad歌谣Autograph手稿Folkmusic民间音乐Prelude前奏Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Epilogue尾声Score乐谱Architecturalstyle建筑风格Artdeco装饰艺术ArtmoderneGeometricpatterns几何图形Arch拱门Note音符Notation乐谱，记号法Chordsymbol和弦符号Lyrics歌词Tempo节奏Castle城堡Cathedral大教堂Melody主旋律Rhythm节奏Framing结构Tune旋律Lobbyn.大厅(entrancehall)Elevatorn.电梯Façaden.正面Conduct指挥Violin小提琴Viola中提琴Stairs楼梯Cello大提琴Interior内部的Oboe双簧管Exterior外部的Impressionisticstyle印象派风格Mosque清真寺Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['krʌmhɔ:n]n.变号(一种古双簧乐器)Pyramid金字塔Harp竖琴Revival复活Renaissance文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantinearchitecture527(Sofia)-1520anthropologist人类学家ecological生态的anthropologist生态人类学家archaeology考古学anthropology人类学morphology形态学Ancientcivilization古代文明origin起源Accompaniment伴奏Audition试听，试表演Bandmusic乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classicalmusic古典音乐Concerto协奏曲originate起源于ancestor祖先Lullaby催眠曲hominid人（科）Duet二重奏homogeneous同一种族（种类）的tribe部落clan氏族Fermentation发酵Fungus菌类archeologist考古学家excavation挖掘excavate(unearth)挖掘Scoop铲子ruins遗迹，废墟remains遗迹，遗骸artifact手工艺品pottery陶器(potter)Porcelain瓷器Gene基因Geneticengineering基因工程学Glucose葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria疟疾Microbe微生物Nucleus细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasiticanimal寄生动物Parasitedisease寄生虫病Parasitology寄生虫学Pathogen病菌，病原体Protozoa原生动物Sanitation卫生Schistosomiaisis血吸虫病Starch淀粉Sterilization消毒Toxin毒素Vaccine疫苗Virus病毒fossil化石relic遗物，文物Rockpainting岩石画antique古物，古董antiquity古代，古老skull颅骨Cranial颅骨的StoneAge石器时代BronzeAge（青）铜器时代IronAge铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的Exhume挖掘PaleoanthropologyPrehistoric史前的Primitive原始的Yeast酵母livingorganism生物bacterium(pl.bacteria)细菌algae海藻Aminoacid氨基酸Antibody抗体coral珊瑚Bacterium细菌BiologicalagencyCalcium钙rodent啮齿类动物primate灵长类动物ape猿Carbohydrate碳水化合物Carbondioxide二氧化碳Cell细胞chimpanzeen.黑猩猩gorilla大猩猩monkeyn.猴子Chromosome染色体Disinfection消毒Enzymes酶mammal哺乳类动物dinosaurn.恐龙bat(ecolotion)蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoehare雪兔子Fatigue疲惫raccoon浣熊scale鳞片polarbear北极熊snout(动物的口鼻部;reptile爬行类动物snake,cobra眼镜蛇,rattlesnake响尾蛇claw爪,paw爪子horn角hormone荷尔蒙intestine肠hive蜂巢lizard蜥蜴,pollenn.花粉snail蜗牛pollinatev.授粉amphibianadj.两栖动物crocodile鳄鱼hibernate冬眠migratev.迁徙frogn.青蛙tadpole蝌蚪toad蟾蜍communicatev.交流camouflage保护色evolve进化pond池塘puddle水坑insect昆虫mosquito蚊子evolutionn.进化endotherm温血动物,恒温动物poikilothermn.冷血动物beak鸟嘴fly苍蝇enzymes酵母cricket蟋蟀grasshopper蚱蜢honeybeemonarchbutterfly大花蝶largemigratoryAmericanbutterflyhavingdeeporangewingswithblackandwhitemarkings;thelarvaefeedonmilkweedegg卵secretion(n.)secrete(v.)分泌pancreas胰腺odor气味还有aromafragrancescentsmell)gland腺体chromosome染色体larvae幼虫caterpillar毛虫pupa/chrysalis茧termiten.白蚁marineadj.海洋的beaver狸jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼whale鲸shark鲨鱼dolphin海豚shrimp小虾prawn对虾penguin企鹅lobster龙虾螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊predatorn.捕食者preyn.被捕食者aquaticadj.水生的shrimp虾oyster牡蛎lobster龙虾clam蚌crab螃蟹bird,hummingbirdartery动脉sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼；乌贼burro/octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼hazardous有毒害的meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家forecast(predict)预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层Convection对流Stratosphere同温层Barometer气压计current（气）流vapor蒸汽botany植物学botanist植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl.fungi)菌类laurel月桂chestnuttree栗子树root根branch枝stem茎algae(pl.alga)海藻organism有机物birchtree(bark)桦树crops谷物evaporate蒸发damp(wet;moist;humid)潮湿的humidity湿度corn玉米maize玉米moisture潮湿；水分saturate饱和chlorophyll叶绿素aminoacids氨基酸protein蛋白质absorb吸收dew露frost霜nitrogen氮fog(mist)雾photosynthetic(adj.)photosynthesis(n.)光合作用smog烟雾droplet小水珠lichen地衣,苔藓squash南瓜oneofagroupoflargevegetableswithsolidfleshandhardskins,suchassbean豆类植物nectar花蜜condense浓缩crystal水晶体downpour(torrentialrain)大雨tempest(storm)暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨flower花hail冰雹floral花的petal花瓣bloom开花blossom花blizzard(snowstorm)暴风雪avalanche(snowslide)雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder雷pollen花粉moss苔藓Lightening闪电breeze微风herbicide除草剂herb草本植物Blast大风gale大风herbivorous食草的classification分类hierarchy级别whirlwind旋风Cyclone旋风，飓风typhoon台风hurricane飓风Monsoon季风Sandstorm沙尘暴plasticbags,rubbishbagsbiodegradablepackaging可降解包装,throwaway可丢弃的Duststorm沙尘暴tornado(twister,cyclone)龙卷风disposable可丢弃的discouragev.不鼓励燃料TropicaldepressionWinddirection风向Windvelocity风速Windscale风力funnel漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus积雨云disaster(calamity,catastrophe)灾难devastation破坏submerge淹没overwhelmv.淹没drought干旱none-renewable不可再生的fossilfuels矿石燃料:naturalgas,coal,petroleumlimited/finitenaturalresources有限的自然资源alternativeenergy替代能源,replace=substitutev.取代windpower,hydropower水电,solar(lunar)power太阳能,nuclearpower核能Avalanche雪崩Balmy温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪radioactivityn.辐射性useup,deplete,exhaustv.用光，耗尽conservev.节省，节约,污染:waterpollution,airpollution,soilpollution土壤污染,noisepollutionTepidadj.微温的soilerosion土壤侵蚀soilpollution土壤污染stainn.污染，污点，玷污stink发出臭味tar焦油toxicchemical有毒的化学物品fume烟，气味environmentalprotection环境保护environmentally-friendly环保的preservev.保护，保存污染：pollute,pollution,pollutantcontaminant污染物contaminatev.污染lightpollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水ecosystem生态系统pesticide杀虫剂ecology生态学antiseptic防腐的chemicalwaste化学废料congestv.使充满atmosphericpollution大气污染垃圾:rubbish,