讲义五模八模2015年5英语

管理类专业联考的―、―编、等证的 幂学2015年管理类专业 Section UseofDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Checkshavelargelyrecedmoneyasameansofexchange,fortheyarewidelyacceptedeverywhere.Thoughthisisvery forbothbuyerandseller,itshouldnotbeforgottenthatchecksarenotrealmoney:theyarequite themselves.Ashop-keeperalwaysrunsacertain whenheacceptsachecksandheisquite 4hisrightsif,5 ,herefusestodoso.Peopledonotalwaysknowthisandareshockediftheirgoodfaithis .Anoldandverywealthfriendofminetoldmehehadanextremelyunpleasant7 .Hewenttoafamousjewelryshopwhichkeepsalarge preciousstonesandaskedtobeshownsomepearlnecklaces.Afterexaminingseveraltrays,he9 tobuyaparticularlyfinestringofpearlsandaskedifhecouldpay10 check.Theassistantsaidthatthiswasquite ,butthemomentmyfriendsignedhisname,hewasinvitedintothemanager’sThemanagerwasverypolite,butheexinedthatsomeonewith 12 thesamenamehadpresentedthemwitha13 checknotlongage.Hetoldmyfriendthatthewouldarrive14 anymomentandhehadbetterstay wantedtogetintoserioustrouble.16 ,thearrivedsoonafterwardsTheyapologizedtomyfriendforthe andaskedhimto18 anotewhichhadbeenusedbythethiefinanumberofshop.Thenote :―Ihaveaguninmypocket.Asknoquestionsandgivemeallthemoneyinthesafe.‖ ,myfriend’shandwritingwasquiteunlikethe SectionII PartADirections:Readthefollowingpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)PassageIfirstnoticeditinarestaurant.Thecewasstrangelyquiet,andatonetableagroupseemeddeepinprayer.Theirheadswerebowed,theireyeshoodedandtheirhandsintheirlaps.Ithenrealizedthateveryone,youngandold,wasgazingatahandheldphone.Peoplestrolledthestreetoutsidelikewise,witharmscrookedatrightangles,necksbentandheadsinpotentiallycripplingpostures.Motherswithbabieswerengit.Studentsingroupswerengit.Theywerelikezombiesoncall.Therewasnoconversation.EveryvisittoCaliforniaconvincesmethatthedigitalrevolutionisover,whichImeanitiswon.Everyoneisconnected.TheNewYorkTimeslastweekdeclaredthedeathofconversation.Whilephonesmayatlastbefallingvictimtoetiquette,thisislargelybecauseeventalkisconsideredtoointimateacontact.Nosuchbarappliestoing,texting,messaging,postingandtweeting.Itisubiquitous,theultimateconnectivity,thebrainwiredfull-timetoTheMITprofessorandpsychologistSherryTurkleclaimsthatherstudentsareclosetomasteringtheartofsustainingeyecontactwitha whiletextingsomeoneelse.Itislikeanorganistyingdifferenttuneswithhandsandfeet.ToTurkle,thesepeopleare"alonetogether…atribeofone".Anyonewith3,000friendshasnone.TheaudienceinaNewYorktheatrenowsit,rowonrow,withlitmachinesintheirlaps,lookingtothestageoccasionallybutmostlyscrollingandtapaway.Thesamehappensatmeetingsandlectures,incoffeebarsandonjoggingtracks.Childrenareapparentlydeveloadexterityintheirthumbsunknownsincetheevolutionofthegiantsloth.Talkisreducedtothemuttered,heads-downexpletivesbrilliantlysatirizedintheBBC'sTwentyTwelve.Psychologistshaveidentifiedthisas"fearofconversation".Peoplewearheadphonesas"conversationalavoidancedevices".Theinternetconnectsustotheentireworld,butitisaworldbespoke,edited,deleted,sanitized.Doubtanddebateetrivialbecauseeverystatementcanbeinstantlyverifiedordeniedby.Thereisnotimeforthethesis,antithesis,synthesisofSocratictheskeletonoftrueThereisnowapparentlyaboomingdemandforonline"conversation"withrobotsandartificialvoices.scomeloadedwithcustomized"girlfriends".Peopleturntocomputerizeddatingadvisers,evenclaimtofallinlovewiththeiron-boardGPSguides.Arobotsealcanbeboughttositandlistentoelderlypeopletalk,tiltingitsheadandblinkinginsympathy.Wehave,saysTurkle,confusedconnectionwithconversation–"theillusionofcompanionshipwithoutthedemandsofrelationship".Humanfriendshipisrich,messyandcomplicated.Itrequirespatienceandtolerance,evencompromise.Aswepushotherpeopleoffintoaworldofquestionandanswer,connectionandinformation,friendship esvirtual.wecanlearnfromtheparagraph2technicaldevelopmentaffectspeople’speople’sconnectionsarecloserthaneverpeoplearenowunwillingtocommunicatewitheachimaginationpeoplehaveactuallyknowsnoitisimpliedintheparagraph5therealworldisbynomeansconversationisnotpeople’scupofhelpspeopleverifytheirthoughtstheessenceofconversationiseasilyallthecasesintheparagraph6areusedtopeople’sdemandsareusuallythereisalinkbetweenneedsandpeopletaketothisinnovativecommunicationtherewillbeanevenfasterdemandinthewecanconcludefromthelastparagraphconfusinglinkwithcommunicationistherootcauseofdestroyingmaintaininglong-lastingfriendshipcallsformorethanonerealfriendshipislargelybasedonface-to-facebuildingrelationshipwithothersistheprerequisiteofthebesttitleofthepassagemayconnectionandconversation:theculpritoftheconnectionandconversation:thewhitelieoftheconnectionandconversation:thesaltoftheconnectionandconversation:thecruxofthePassageWhenCEOsdescribetheir asbeing―likefamily,‖wethinktheymeanwell.They’researchingforamodelthatrepresentsthekindofrelationshipstheywanttohavewiththeiremployees—alifetimerelationshipwithasenseofbelonging.Butusingthetermfamilymakesiteasyformisunderstandingstoarise.Inarealfamily,parentscan’tfiretheirchildren.Trytoimaginedisowningyourchildforpoorperformance:―esorrySusie,butyourmomandIhavedecidedyou’rejustnotagoodfit.Yourtable-settingefforthasbeendeterioratingforthepast6months,andyourobsessionwithponiesjustisn’taddinganyvalue.We’regoingtohavetoletyougo.Butdon’ttakeitthewrongway;it’sjustfamily.‖Unthinkable,right?Butthat’sessentiallywhathappenswhenaCEOdescribes asafamily,theninstituteslayoffs.Regardlessofwhatthelawsaysaboutat-willemployment,thoseemployeeswillfeelhurtandbetrayed—withrealConsideranothermetaphor—onethatReedHastings,theCEOofNetflix,introducedinafamouspresentationon ’sculture.Hastings―rateam,notafamily.‖Hewentontoadvisemanagerstoask―iofmypeople,iftheytoldmetheywereleavingforasimilarjobata,wouldIfighthardtokeepatNetflix?Theotherpeopleshouldgetagenerousseverancenowsowecanopenaslottotrytofindastarforthatrole.‖Incontrasttoafamily,aprofessionalsportsteamhasaspecificmission(towingamesandchampionships),anditsmemberscometogether plishmission.Thecompositionoftheteamchangesovertime,eitherbecauseateammemberchoosestogotoanotherteam,orbecausetheteam’smanagementdecidestocutortradeateammember.Inthissense,abusinessisfarmorelikeasportsteamthanafamily.Andparadoxically,winningasateamisthebestwayforindividualteammemberstoachievesuccess.Themembersofawinningteamarehighlysoughtafterbyotherteams,bothfortheskillstheydemonstrateandfortheirabilitytohelpanewteamdevelopawinningculture.BoththePatriotsandSpurshavednumerousotherteamswithve nleadersandcoaches.Forexample,fiveoftheother29NBAteamshaveaformerSpursassistantastheirheadcoach.Meanwhile,theNewYorkYankees’habitofsigningformerRedSoxasagentsissowellknownthatitisnowacommonpunchlineamongbaseballwriters.theauthor’sattitudetowardstheterm‘family’seemstoitisimpliedintheparagraph2 istotallydifferentfromafamilyinmanyparentsinafamilyarealwaysdemandingandhavethefinalunlikeemployeesincompanies,kidsinfamiliescanneverbesomethingsuitablein cannotbeappliedinawecanlearnfromtheparagraph3discedworkersmayfeeltheyarenolongermembersoftheunsuitabledepictionmayleadtodismissedworkers’badlawsaboutfiringworkerswithoutlimitationmaybetoo maygivelaid-offsthefeelingofcomfortandwhichofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutaprofessionalsportsteamisateamrarelyremainsacleartargetisattainmentofataskrequiresamemberleavesoftenbecauseofmanagerialtwoexamplesareusedinthelastparagraphtoexpertiseishighlyrespectedandPatriotsandSpursaregreatwinningasateamisindividualteammemberscanhardlyPassageIbeganmycareeratLouisianaStateUniversityinAugustof1989.Thedepartmentchairhadworkedhardtohireacohortoffiveyoungfacultymembersthatcouldhelpshoreupadepartmentthathadsufferedfromattrition.AsnewlymintedPh.D.s,whatwelackedinwisdomwecompoundedwithinexperience.Thechairmanhadhishandsfull.Atsomepointduringthatfirstfall,IwaswalkingacrosscampuswithhimforlunchandIrecallsharingafrustration.Idon’trecalltheprecisesourceofit,butIknowitledmetowanttocallsomeoneoutforwhatIfeltwasagrievousoffenseofonesortoranother.ThoughIcan’trememberthefoul,Idorememberhisadvice.Hetoldme,―Youneedtorememberthatthisisasmallfieldandyouaregoingtohavealongcareer.‖Therehasn’tbeenamonthacrossthetwenty-fiveyearssinceinwhichthatsimplepieceofadvicehasn’thelpedmeframethewayIshouldrespondtoacolleague,astudent,oranadministrator.Whenmymentormadehisobservation,hewasspeakingquiteparticularlyabouttheprofessionheandIshared.Ourswasasmallfield–thereareonlysomanybusinessschoolsandonlysomanyprofessors–and,becauseitisagoodgig,veryfewpeopleareinanyrushtoleave.Makeanenemy,andyouwillkeepencounteringthatenemyforalongtime.Soilyourreputation,andyouwillfinditnexttoimpossibletomakeafreshstart.Butitoccurstomethatwhatwastrueofourworldaquartercenturyagoistruemuchmoregenerallytoday.Technologyhasnowmadehisadvicerelevanttovirtuallyevery beginningacareer.Now,nomatterwhatyourprofessionisandnomatterwhereyoupracticeit,youworkinwhatisessentiallyasmallfield.Certainly,thoseofusparticipatinginsocialmediaareproactivelymakingourreputationknowabletoamuchwideraudiencethaneverbefore–withimplicationswemightnotanticipate.Butevenifwe allyaren’tcontributing,othersareonourbehalf.Faculty,asanexample,aresubjecttor ratingcriteriaincludestudentevaluationsevenofaprofessor’s―hotessAllsortsofotherprofessionsdealwithsimilarlycandidandarbitraryreviewsonsites.Andforthoseofyouwhoarealreadywelldowntheroadandperhaps,alongtheway,haveburnedbridges,raisedhackles,madeenemies–well,dowhatyoucantogetthoserelationshipsonabetter,moreprofessionalfooting.Oddsarethattheyou’vealienatedwillstillbepartofyourfieldmanyyearsfromnow.Andyou’reinforalongThewordframeintheparagraph2mayA. B. C. D.Wecanlearnfromtheparagraph3thephenomenonisrestrictedonlyinbusinesspeopleinotherfieldsusuallyhopmorebeingnicetocolleaguesis prestigeysavitalroleinbusinessWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrueaccordingtotheparagraphtoday’sbusinessworldisnolongerwhatitusedtothechairman’ssuggestioncannotbeappliedinthepresenteveryone’sjobisinfactconfinedtocertaintechnologyisnowdevelorapidlyandalteringbusinessTheauthor’sattitudetowardsthementor’sadviceseemstoThepassagemainlycenters alcareerpreciousText—oHappiness,‖anewfromCoca-Cola,openswithfootageofmigrantlaborersinDubai,standingbeforedawninapatchofdirtastheywaitforavantopullupandshuttlethemtowork.Later,wecyclethroughshotsofgrim-facedmeninworkclothes—slouchedonthebusasthesunrises,hunchedonsaggingbunkbeds,crowdedonthefloorofasmallroomduringmealtimewiththeirelbowsnearlytouching.Theylusthattheyloveandmisstheirfamilies,andthattheywishtheycouldheartheirchildren’svoicesmoreoften.Welearnthattheseworkersmakeaboutsixdollarsperday,andthatitcostsnearlyadollarperminutetocallhome—sophonecallsarerare.Thenthescreengoesred,themusicbrightens,andweareposedaquestion:―SowhatifeveryCokecamewithafewextraminutesofhappiness?‖FewAmericancompanieshaveworkedashardasCoca-Colatoassociatethemselveswithpleasure.Oneofthe ’sfirstadvertisingslogans,in1905,was―CColaRevivesandSustains.‖Themostobviousaestheticforbearforthe—oHappiness‖adisperhapstheiconic1971ad―I’dLiketoBuytheWorldaCoke,‖forwhichCokegatheredhundredsofteenagersofvariousethnicitiesonhillsideinItaly,attheheightoftheColdWar,tosingananthemaboutbringingharmonytotheworldby—whatelse?—servingitacarbonatedbeverage.―Thatwasthebasicidea:toseeCokenotasitwasoriginallydesignedtobe—aliquidrefresher—butasatinybitofcommonalitybetweenallpeoples,auniversallylikedformulathatwouldhelptokeepthem forafewminutes,‖BillBacker,whowasatthetimethecreativedirectorontheCoca-ColaaccountforMcCann-Erickson,wrote.Morethanfourdecadeslater,Coke’smessageremainsmoreorlessthesame.Butthe ’saudiencehasgrownconsiderably.Coca-Colahassoldsoftdrinksabroadfordecades—forsolongthatthebrandhas eoneofthemostenduringsymbolsofAmericancapitalism.ButitssalesareslowingintheU.S.andotherWesterncountries,whichhasCoca-Colaexecutivesincreasinglylookingelsewherefornewcustomers.Tothatend,the isspendingmoreonadvertisingindeveloregionswherepeoplearen’talreadydrinkingalotofCoca-Colaisn’ttheonlyoneinterestedinhappiness.Soareresearchersandmakerswhowanttomeasureglobaldevelopmentintermsthatgobeyondeconomicmodels.Inrecentyears,someofthemhavecomeupwithseveralfactorsthattendtocontributemosttoover-allhappiness.Theyincludehavingahighere,belongingtoacommunity,beingingoodhealth,andfeelingsatisfiedwithwork.Coca-Colaisn’tonthelist.Sometimesasoda,refreshingasitmaybe,isaAccordingtoBillBacker,Coca-ColarepresentsallofthefollowingaspectsenjoyedconnectingcommonItisimpliedthattheconnotationCoca-ColahashashashasAdvertisementsareusedexplorethenewincreasethedevelopunknownpromotetheWecanconcludefromthelastparagraphtheinterrelationshipbetweenCoca-ColaandhappinessisgroundlessandmanypeopleareinterestedintheinterrelatednessbetweenCoca-ColaandmorethanonefactorhavesomethingtodowithpeopleindifferentoccupationshavedifferentviewsonwhatleadstoTheauthor’sattitudetowardstothecorrelationbetweenCoca-ColaandhappinessseemstobePartDirections:readthefollowingtextsandanswerquestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET2.(10points)HiringcandidatesonlyiftheyhadthesamejobtitleastheopenEmployingoutsidersinsteadofpromotingWritingalljoblistingsthesame,regardlessofExcludingsalaryrangesonjobSettingatargethardtobeFailingtobuildatalentWerecentlysurveyedmorethan2,000hiringmanagersabouttheirrecruitingbehaviorsandtactics.Whatasurprisingnumberofthemare(andinsomecasesaren’t)ngiseffectivelymakingitmuchmoredifficulttofindtheright forthejob.Herearefiveexamplesthat,ifcorrected,willspurU.S.hiringwhileensuringboththeemployerandemployeewin.Accordingtothesurvey,46percentofemployersexcludesalaryandwagesfromtheirjoblistings,andtheideathatcompaniesshoulddiscloseaprojectedsalaryrangebeforetheinterviewphasewillbeanonstarterformanyemployers.Somecompanieskeeppaysecrettoentersalarynegotiationswithastrongyinghand.Othertimes,employersdon’twantsalariestofomentinternalpolitics.Fifty-threepercentofemployersusethesamemessagingtopromotetheiremploymentbrandandjobopportunitiestoworkersinallagegroups.Thisapproachwouldn’tflyinadvertisingmarketing,wheresegmentingtargetaudiencesbydemographicunderlieseverymessageweread,hearorseeinmedia.Ifahospital,forinstance,issearchingforexperiencednursingprofessionals,it’ssafetoassumethey’llbeattractedtodifferentaspectsofthejobthannursesfreshoutofcollege.Forty-sevenpercentofemployersprimarilyhirecandidateswhoalreadyholdthesamejobtitleastheopenposition.Thisisashortcutthatcansignificantlycutdownonthequalityofthecandidatepool.Screeningresumesbyjobtitleignorestherealitythatskillsaremuchmoreimportantfactorsindetermininga ’sabilitytodothejob.Aformersociologistwithadvancedstatisticstrainingmaynothavebeenamarketresearchystinthepast,butshecertainlyhasskillsbefittingmarketresearchwork.Toomanyqualitycandidatesarebeingeliminatedbeforetheinterviewstage.Thisstatement,it’simportanttonote,alsoappliestoEighty-threepercentofemployersdon’troutinelyusedatainligence–suchasstudyingthesupplyanddemandoflaborinacityorregion–duringjobrecruitment.Thisislikea wanderingasubdivisionofunoccupiedhomeswaitingforsomeonetoanswerthedoor.Outsideofafewmetropolitanareas,employerscannotassumethereareenoughjobseekerswiththerequisiteskillsandeducationtofillopeningsforcertainhigh-skilloccupations.Tofindanexperiencedwebdeveloperinasmallermarket,employersmayhavetogotoanothercityorstatetorecruit.Alternatively,knowingthere’sashortageofworkersinanoccupationshouldleadcompaniestoeitherraisewagestoattractnewlabororencouragethemtoworkmorecloselywithlocaluniversitiesandcommunitycollegestoensuredegreesareliningupcloselywithavailablejobs.Sixty-twopercentofemployersdonothaveatalentpipeline(alistofprospective,interestedcandida