高中英语同步经典教案：unit 1 great scientists period 3（人教版必修5）

Period3ListeningandSpeaking

TheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriod

Thisisthethirdperiodofthisunit.Atthebeginningofthisperiod,theteachershould(can)designsomeexercisestoreviewwhatthestudentslearnedinthelastperiod,thatistosay,gooverwhatthestudentslearnedaboutthatJohnSnowdefeats“KingCholera”.Theteachercanbeginwithaskingsomequestionsorhavingacompetitiontomakesomesentenceswith“JohnSnow”accordingtothepassage.

Duringthisperiod,listeningandspeakingwillbemainlydealtwith.Atthebeginning,teachersfocusontrainingtheSs’listening.ThislisteningcontentisabouttheimportanceofQianXuesenforspacetravelinChina,thecontributionsmadebyabotanistnamedCarlLinnaeusandtheresearchintothelifeandworkofamathematiciancalledLeonhardEuler.

WhentrainingtheSs’listeningability,teachersshouldstartwithpre-listening,thatis,lead-in.Ifitisnecessary,teachershadbetterintroducesomebackgroundknowledgeaboutthelisteningmaterial.Later,lettheSslistentoit.Atthesametime,teachersshoulddesignsomesimplequestions.Afterthat,theSshaveknownaboutthelisteningmaterial,andthenteacherscanaskthemtolistentoitagaintobereadyformoredifficultquestions.Ifnecessary,theSscanbegivenanothertimetolisten.Whilepracticing,teachershadbetterofferstudentssomeadviceonhowtodoitwell.Especially,trainthestudentstopredictwhattobetalkedaboutaccordingtothehintsandlimitedinformationandletthemformthegoodlisteninghabitoflisteningwiththepurposeoffindingusefulinformationandtosummarize.Certainly,supposetherearemanynewwordsandexpressions,teachersshouldhelpthemtodealwiththematthefirstplace.Allthelisteningpracticeshouldfocusondevelopingthestudents’listeningskill.

Afterpracticinglistening,theSsareexpectedtolearnsomeexpressionsabouttalkingaboutscientificjobaswellasscientists’achievementsandrecountstories.Besidesthose,thestudentsareexpectedtolearntheskillofdescribingaperson.

Duringthecourse,teachersshouldrankclassactivitiesfromtheeasytothedifficult.First,askthemtolearntheexpressions.Then,askthemtoimitateittohaveadialogue.Finally,thestudentsareexpectedtocreateadialogueordiscussthegiventopic.Inordertodrawstudents’attention,theteacherhadbetterprepareforsomeinterestingsituations.

Thisperiodcentersonemphasisonspeakingandlistening.Theteachershouldtryhisorherbesttoencouragethestudentstosaysomething.Don’talwayscorrectthemistakesthatthestudentswouldmakewhilespeaking.Otherwise,thestudentswouldfeelreluctanttospeakouttheiropinions.

TeachingImportantPoints

Trainthestudents’speakingabilitybydescribing,talkinganddiscussing.

Helpthestudentsimprovetheirlisteningability.

TeachingDifficulties

Trainthestudents’listeningability.Especiallylistenandunderstandwhatthespeakersmeanbeyondwords.

TeachingAids

ataperecorder,aprojectorandtheblackboard

ThreeDimensionalTeachingAims

Knowledgeaims:

LettheSsknowaboutsomescientistsandtheirlifeandcontributions.

GettheSstolearnhowtotalkaboutscientificworkandhowtodescribeaperson.

AbilityAims:

Trainthestudents’speakingabilitybydescribing,talkinganddiscussing.

Trainthestudents’listeningability.

EmotionalAims:

Trainthestudents’abilitytocooperatewithothers.

Encouragethestudentstolearnfromscientiststoshowinterestinscientificexplorationandresearch.

TeachingProcedure

Step1Greeting

T:Hello,boysandgirls.

Ss:Hello,MissWang.

Step2Revision

T:Todaywewillbeginourlessonwithacompetitionbetweengroups.Inthelastperiod,welearntaboutJohnSnowwhodefeats“KingCholera”.Now,pleasesaysomethingthatyouknowaboutit.Ifyouofferacompletesentence,youwillbegiventenmarks.Yourgroupwillbegiventwentymarkswhenyourexpressionisespeciallybeautiful.

S:JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon,whoattendedQueenVictoriatoeasethebirthofherbabies.

S:Hebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera,whichwasthedeadlydiseaseofhisday.

S:JohnSnowgotinterestedintwotheoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople.

S:Hebelievedinthesecondtheorythatispeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.Fromthestomachthediseaseattackedthebodyquicklyandsoontheaffectedpersonwasdead.

Ss:...

(Theteachershouldencouragemorestudentstojoininthecompetition.Attheendofthecompetition,theteachershouldannouncetheresultofthiscompetition.Praisethewinnerandencouragethelosers.)

T:WhatcanwelearnfromJohnShow?

S:Weshouldbaseourtheoriesonpractice.

S:Weareinspiredtohaveaspiritofscientificexploration.

S:Wedosomeresearchwiththepurposeofservingthepeopleandsociety.

Ss:...

T:Yes,wecanlearnalotfromthescientist.Infact,thereareagreatnumberofpeopleworkingonscienceworthyofbeinglearnedbothathomeandabroad.Canyounamesomescientistsandintroducetheirmaincontributions?

S:Archimedes,whodiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat.

S:Darwinwroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged.

S:MadamCuriediscoveredradium.

S:StephenHawkingputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes.

S:Zhanghenginventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened.

Ss:...

T:Youdidagoodjobandlistedmanyscientistsaswellastheircontributions.Today,wearegoingtolearnaboutmorescientists.

Step3Listening(onPages5-6)

Task1Pre-listening

T:Firstlet’senjoythepicture.Whatcanyousee?

S:PresidentJiangZeminandanoldman.

T:PresidentJiangZeminvisitedQianXuesen.

T:WhathaveyoualreadyknownaboutQianXuesen?

S:HeisaChinesescientist,whoseresearchmainlycentersonPhysics.

S:Heishonoredas“ChineseRocketFather”.

S:HehasmadegreatcontributionstospacetravelinChina.

T:Good.Youseemtohaveagoodknowledgeofhim.QianXuesenisafamousscientistwhohascontributedmuchtothecountry’scauseofscienceandtechnology.

Task2FirstListening

T:Wearetolistentothematerial,whichisaboutQianXuesen.YuPingistellingherfriendSteveSmithaboutQianXuesen’slife.IfyouwereYuPing,whattopicswouldyouliketocoverwhenintroducinghim?

S:Thedatewhenhewasbornandhedied;theplacewherehewasborn,lived,studiedanddied;hisfamily;hisexperience;hisachievements;hiscontributions

T:Excellent.Whenwetalkaboutandintroduceascientist,weusuallydescribetheseaspects.Now,listencarefullyandtickoutwhichtopicsarementionedinthetape.

(Afterlistening,letthemchecktheanswers.)

Task3SecondListening

T:Thistime.You’llwritedowntheanswerstothefivequestions.Boysandgirls,howcanwewritetheanswersfastandcorrectly?

S:Weshouldgothroughthequestionsfirstandkeeptheminmind.Whenwearelistening,wejustneedtopaymuchattentiontothesentencesrelatedtotheanswers.

S:Weneedn’twritedowneachwordoftheanswers.Wejustwritedownsomekeywords.Laterwecanwritedownthecompleteanswerswiththehelpofthesekeywords.

T:Youareclever.Nowpleasegetready.First,lookthroughtheintroductiontothelisteningmaterial.Then,scanthequestions.

(Twominuteslater,theteacherplaysthetape.ThengiveSstimetoorganizetheirsentences.)

T:Let’schecktheanswersonebyone.

(Ifthestudentsmakesomecommonmistakesortheyseemtohavedifficultyinfindingoutanswers,teacherscangivethemsomehintsandletthemlistentoitagain.Afterthat,checktheanswers.Ifthestudentsfeelitdifficulttomakesenseaboutthekeywordsandunderstandthespeakers’intentionandattitude,theteachershouldgivethemsomehelp.)

Task4Post-listening

T:Afterlistening,wouldyoupleaseanswersomequestions?

1Whatdidyouhearonthetape?

2WhatcanyoulearnfromQianXuesen?

(Atthisparttheteachermayhavethestudentspresentwhattheyhaveheardonthetapeandshowtheirownopinionaboutwhattheyhavelearnedfromhim.Ifpossible,theteachermayhavesomeofthestudentsdothepresentationworkinclass.Bydoingthis,thestudentscangetfullunderstandingofwhatthetapeistalkingabout.)

Step4Listening(Page41)

Task1Pre-listening

T:JustnowwelearnedaboutaChinesescientist,QianXuesen,whohasmadegreatcontributionsonspacetravelinChina.Wewillgettoknowanotherscientist,whosecontributionisonbotany.Canyouguesswhoheis?

S:CarlLinnaeus,maybeDarwin.

T:Youareright.Bothscientistsdidstudybotanyanddevotedtheirtimetotheresearch.Asweknow,CarlLinnaeusdevelopedhissystemabouthowtoclassifyspecies.WhileDarwinwroteabookontheOriginalofSpecies,inwhichheexplainedhowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged.ThefollowingisaboutCarlLinnaeus.

T:Now,readtheinstructionsaboutthelisteningandchoosewhichofthefollowingstatementsmistcloselydescribeswhatthislisteningpassageisabout.Explainwhytheothersarewrong.

S:Ithinkthethirdoneisright.Thisisaboutamanwhofindsaflowerandwantstoknowifitisanewspeciesofflower.Becauseheisinterestedinbiologyandespeciallyinthestudyofplants.Whathewantstodoistostudywhetheritisanewspecies.Theothertwostatementscannotconveythestudy.

Task2Listening

T:Whatyousaidisreasonable.Let’slistentogethertofindwhetheryouranswerisright.

(Afterlistening,letthemchecktheanswers.)

T:Listentothetapeagainandtrytocompletethefollowingpassage.

Tofindthenameofanunknownflower,firstyouhavetogotoseeaflower__________he/shewilllookinaspecial__________writtenbyCarlLinnaeus.Helivedin__________from__________to__________.Hewasveryimportantbecausehesolvedaseriousproblemfor__________.Hesawallplantsandanimalsproduce__________.Someanimalsproduce__________butotherslay__________whileplants__________.Heusedthesedifferentwaysofproducingyoungtoputplantsandanimalsinto__________.Forexample,thegroupcalledbirdslay__________toproduceyoungandtheyallhave__________.Linnaeusputtheplantsandanimalsintosmallergroupsorspecies.Hegaveeachonetwonames.Oneisforthelargegroup,forexample__________andoneisforthespecies,forexample__________.Soaparrotwouldbe__________.Hewasthefirstpersontosuccessfullyclassifyallplantsandanimals.

Task3Post-listening

Letthestudentsfillintheblanketsandthencheck.Ifthestudentsfeelitdifficulttodoit,letthemlistenitathirdtime.Aftercheckingtheanswers,askthestudentstoreadittogether.

Step5Listening(Page44)

T:Lookatthescreenandlet’sreadthefollowingnewwordsfirstly.

(Thesewordsarepresentedonthescreen:analyse,pure,foundation,symbol,sin,cosin,geometry,calculus,mechanics,practical,topology)

T:Canyouguesswhichfieldthenextscientistisinaccordingtothenewwords?

S:Thenextmustbeamathematician.

T:Right.ThismathematicianisLeonhardEuler.JohnSmithisdiscussingwithZhaoYanghisresearchintothelifeandworkofamathematiciancalledLeonhardEuler.ListentothetapeandfillinthechartontheimportanceofEuler’swork.

Euler’sachievements

Examples

Newsymbolsandterms

Oldareasofmathematics

Newareaofmathematics

Importance

(Afterlistening,asksomestudentstofillinit.Ifmanystudentsfeelitdifficult,letthemlistentoitagain.Whiledoingit,theteachercanalsoasktwostudentstocometowritetheanswersontheblackboard.Theteacherhadbettergivethempraiseiftheydoitwell.)

Step6Speaking

Task1Lead-in

T:Boysandgirls,fromthelisteningmaterial,weknowaboutsomescientists.Doyouhaveadreamtobeascientistinthefuture?

Ss:Yes./No.

T:Supposeyouwouldliketoworkasascientist,andyouarediscussingwithyourpartneraboutyourfuturejob.Whatquestionswouldyouliketoconcern?

S1:Whatjobdoyouwanttodo?

S2:Howwillyougetthejob?

S3:Whatpreparationswillyoumakeforthefuturejob?

T:Right.Apartfromthose,wecanalsotalkaboutthefollowingquestions:

1Whateducationwillyouneed?

2Whatpersonalitywillbeneeded?

3Whatworkexperiencewouldbeuseful?

4Howlongwillthetrainingtake?

5Howwillyouprepareforthiscareer?

T:Theseexpressionsmayhelpyou:

Ialwayswantedto...because...TheexperienceIwillneedis...

Imightfinditdifficultto... Ineedtopractise...

Mygreatestproblemwillbeto...

Iwillneedtobe/become...

patient,creative,hard-working,co-operative,confident,brave,positive,pleasant,polite,determined,energetic,strictwith...

Task2Dialogue(pairwork)

T:Nowitistimetodiscusswhatscientificjobeachofyouwouldliketochooseinthefuturewiththehelpofthementionedquestionsandexpressionsinpairs.Iwillgiveyoufiveminutestoprepareforit.AfterthatIwillletsomeofpairstocometoactitout.

Sample:

A:Whatjobdoyouwanttodointhefuture?

B:Ialwayswanttobeabotanist.

A:Ifyouwanttobeascientist,whateducationwillyouneed?

B:Iwilltrymybesttogotoakeyuniversitytolearnandstudybotany.

A:Whatworkexperiencewouldbeuseful?

B:TheexperienceIwillneedistostudywildplantsinthewildwhenIamatschool.Now,Ijointhesocialnaturalcluborganizedbyourschool.EverytimeImakeeveryefforttoovercomedifficultytostudyplantsinthewild.

A:Doyouknowwhatpersonalitywillbeneededifyouwanttobeascientistinthefuture?

B:Iwillneedtobepatient,creative,hard-working,brave,energeticandco-operative.

A:Yes,Iagreewithyou.Besidesthosepersonalities,wealsoshouldbedetermined,confidentandpositive.

B:Iwillmakeeffortstoownsuchgoodquality.

A:Howwillyouprepareforthiscareer?

B:IintendtogotocollegenextyearandthenIwillhaveachancetobeascientist.ButmygreatestproblemwillbewhetherIwillbeabletogotouniversityinthefuture.

A:Don’tworryaboutitandjustgetdowntopreparingforit.Goodchancesalwaysbelongtothepersonswhohavealreadypreparedforthem.Iamsureyouwillsucceedifyoukeepworkinghard.Iamwaitingforyourgoodnews.

B:Thankyouforyourencouragement.Iwillmakefulluseoftimetostruggleforsuccess.

Task3Free-talk

T:Letustalkfreely.Youareallowedtomoveabouttofindastudentyou’dliketotalkwith.Imagineyouaregoingtomeetaspecialistaboutanewly-foundflower.Yourpartnerwillbetheassistantfortheflowerspecialist.Youbothneedadescriptionoftheothersoyoucanrecognizeeachotherwhenyoumeet.Nowringtheassistanttosortoutthenecessaryinformation.

(Ofcourse,followingtheabove,thestudentsmaygatheraroundormovearoundtofindtheirownfavoritepartnerstotalkwith.Thisisahalf-controlledactivity.Teachersletthemexpresswhatevertheywanttoonconditionthattherearesomeexpressionsonthetheme.Givethemaboutfiveminutestoprepareforit.Later,asksomepairstoactitout.Asusual,theteacherwon’tforgettogivecommentsonwhatthestudentsdo,includingtheteacher’swordspraisingwhattheyaredoinginthefirstfewstages.Onlyinthiswayarethestudentsencouragedtotalkfreelyaboutwhattheywanttosayandwhytheythinkso.)

Step7SummaryandHomework

T:Inthisperiod,wemainlyfocusonthespeakingandlisteningabilities.Ifyoufeellisteningorspeakingpoor,youhadbetterpracticemoreafterclass.Practicemakesperfect.Today’shomeworkistodescribeascientisttoyourpartnerandletyourpartnerguesswhoshe/heis.Thenexchange.

TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboard

Unit1Greatscientists

Period3ListeningandSpeaking

Thequestionsmaybeusefultodiscussthescientificjob,

Theexpressionsmayhelpyoutodiscussyourfuturescientificjob.

Whatjobdoyouwanttodo?

Whateducationwillyouneed?

Whatpersonalitywillbeneeded?

Whatworkexperiencewouldbeuseful?

Howlongwillthetrainingtake?

Howwillyouprepareforthiscareer?

Ialwayswantedto...because...

TheexperienceIwillneedis...

Imightfinditdifficultto...

Ineedtopractise...

Mygreatestproblemwillbeto...

Iwillneedtobe/becomepatient,creative,hard-working,co-operative,confident,brave...

ResearchandActivities

Afterclass,usethelibraryortheInternettofindoutfactsaboutimportantwomenscientistsinmedicine,physics,chemistry,biology,astronomyormathematics.Thereareveryusefulwebsites(includingthe“Biographiesofwomenmathematicianswebsite”).Prepareatalkonyourchosenscientists.Remembertoincludesomeinformationabouttheirlife,theirachievementsandwhytheyareconsideredimportantinsciencehistory.Thengiveyourtalktotheclass.

ResearchforTeaching

Euler,Leonhard

(bornApril15,1707,Basel,Switz.diedSept.18,1783,St.Petersburg,Russia)

Swissmathematicianandphysicist,oneofthefoundersofpuremathematics.Henotonlymadedecisiveandformativecontributionstothesubjectsofgeometry,calculus,mechanics,andnumbertheorybutalsodevelopedmethodsforsolvingproblemsinobservationalastronomyanddemonstratedusefulapplicationsofmathematicsintechnologyandpublicaffairs.

Euler’smathematicalabilityearnedhimtheesteemofJohannBernoulli,oneofthefirstmathematiciansinEuropeatthattime,andofhissonsDanielandNicolas.In1727hemovedtoSt.Petersburg,wherehebecameanassociateoftheSt.PetersburgAcademyofSciencesandin1733succeededDanielBernoullitothechairofmathematics.

Eulerdevotedconsiderableattentiontodevelopingamoreperfecttheoryoflunarmotion,whichwasparticularlytroublesome,sinceitinvolvedtheso-calledthree-bodyproblem—theinteractionsoftheSun,Moon,andEarth.(Theproblemisstillunsolved.)Hispartialsolution,publishedin1753,assistedtheBritishAdmiraltyincalculatinglunartables,ofimportancetheninattemptingtodeterminelongitudeatsea.Oneofthefeatsofhisblindyearswastoperformalltheelaboratecalculationsinhisheadforhissecondtheoryoflunarmotionin1772.ThroughouthislifeEulerwasmuchabsorbedbyproblemsdealingwiththetheoryofnumbers,whichtreatsofthepropertiesandrelationshipsofintegers,orwholenumbers(0,±1,±2,etc.);inthis,hisgreatestdiscovery,in1783,wasthelawofquadraticreciprocity,whichhasbecomeanessentialpartofmodernnumbertheory.

Inhisefforttoreplacesyntheticmethodsbyanalyticones,EulerwassucceededbyJ.-L.Lagrange.But,whereEulerhaddelightedinspecialconcretecases,Lagrangesoughtforabstractgenerality;and,whileEulerincautiouslymanipulateddivergentseries,Lagrangeattemptedtoestablishinfiniteprocessesuponasoundbasis.ThusitisthatEulerandLagrangetogetherareregardedasthegreatestmathematiciansofthe18thcentury;butEulerhasneverbeenexcelledeitherinproductivityorintheskillfulandimaginativeuseofalgorithmicdevices(i.e.,computationalprocedures)forsolvingproblems.

CarlLinnaeus

(bornMay23,1707,Rshult,Smland,Swed.diedJan.10,1778,Uppsala)

CarlLinnaeusisaSwedishbotanistandexplorerwhowasthefirsttoframeprinciplesfordefininggeneraandspeciesoforganismsandtocreateauniformsystemfornamingthem.

Linnaeuswasthesonofacurate.Hisloveofflowersdevelopedatanearlyage;whenonlyeightyearsoldhewasnicknamed“thelittlebotanist.”HestudiedattheuniversitiesofLundandUppsalaandreceivedhisdegreeinmedicinefromthelatter.

TheSystemaNaturae,whichLinnaeushadshowntothebotanistJanFredrikGronoviusinmanuscript,soimpressedGronoviusthathepublisheditathisownexpense.Linnaeus’systemwasbasedmainlyonflowerparts,whichtendtoremainunchangedduringthecourseofevolution.Althoughartificial,asLinnaeushimselfrecognized,suchasystemhadthesuprememeritofenablingstudentsrapidlytoplaceaplantinanamedcategory.Itcameintouseataperiodwhentherichnessoftheworld’svegetationwasbeingdiscoveredataratethatoutstrippedmoreleisurelymethodsofinvestigation.Sosuccessfulwashismethodinpracticethatitsveryeaseofapplicationprovedtobethegreatestobstacletoitsreplacementbythemorenaturalsystemsthatsupersededit.

Hislateryearsweretakenupbyteachingandthepreparationofotherworks:FloraSuecica(1745)andFaunaSuecica(1746);twovolumesofobservationsmadeduringthejourneysinweden,Vstgtaresa(1747)andSknskaresa(1751);HortusUpsaliensis(1748);hisPhilosophiaBotanica(1751);andtheimportantSpeciesPlantarum(1753),inwhichthespecificnamesarefullysetforth.In1755hedeclinedaninvitationfromtheKingofSpaintosettleinthatcountrywithaliberalsalaryandfulllibertyofconscience.In1761hewasgrantedaSwedishpatentofnobility,antedatedto1757,fromwhichtimehewasstyledCarlvonLinné.Anapoplecticattackin1774lefthimgreatlyweakened,andhediedfouryearslater.

TheLinnaeanmanuscripts,andhisherbariumandcollectionsofinsectsandshells,purchasedbySirJ.E.Smithin1783,arecarefullypreservedbytheLinneanSocietyatBurlingtonHouse,London.

MarieCurie

(bornNov.7,1867,Warsaw,Pol.,RussianEmpire.diedJuly4,1934,nearSallanches,France)

MariaSklodowskaPolish—bornFrenchphysicistfamousforherworkonradioactivityandtwiceawinneroftheNobelPrize.WithHenriBecquerelandherhusband,PierreCurie,shewasawardedthe1903NobelPrizeforPhysics.Shewasthenthesolewinnerofthe1911NobelPrizeforChemistry.

Fromchildhoodshewasremarkableforherprodigiousmemory,andattheageof16shewonagoldmedaloncompletionofhersecondaryeducationattheRussianlycée.Becauseherfather,ateacherofmathematicsandphysics,losthissavingsthroughbadinvestment,shehadtotakeworkasateacherand,atthesametime,tookpartclandestinelyinthenationalist“freeuniversity,”readinginPolishtowomenworkers.Attheageof18shetookapostasgoverness,whereshesufferedanunhappyloveaffair.FromherearningsshewasabletofinancehersisterBronia’smedicalstudiesinParis,ontheunderstandingthatBroniawouldinturnlaterhelphertogetaneducation.

Shecamefirstinthelicenceofphysicalsciencesin1893.ShebegantoworkinLippmann’sresearchlaboratoryandin1894wasplacedsecondinthelicenceofmathematicalsciences.ItwasinthespringofthisyearthatshemetPierreCurie.

Theirmarriage(July25,1895)markedthestartofapartnershipthatwassoontoachieveresultsofworldsignificance,inparticularthediscoveryofpolonium(socalledbyMarieinhonourofhernativeland)inthesummerof1898,andthatofrad