阅读理解：教师短缺教师职业危机的迹象 练习 高考英语外刊阅读训练

高考英语外刊阅读训练——阅读理解：教师短缺，教师职业危机的迹象——改编自TheGuardianviewonteachershortages:signsofaprofessionincrisisInthepastdecade,publicsectoremployeesineducationhavebeenexpectedto"domorewithless."Thishasledtostagnantwagesandincreasingworkloads,compoundedbythepunitiveOfstedinspectionprocess.Theresultisapotentialdeprofessionalisationoftheeducationsectorthatwillnegativelyimpactlearning.Thiscrisishasbeenyearsinthemakingasaresultofausterity,fewersupportstaff,andbelow-inflationpayrises.Overall,teacherearningshavefallenby13%since2010,withthegrowinggapbetweenteacherpayandothergraduateprofessionsputtingparticularpressureonsecondaryschoolsstrugglingtorecruitmathsandsciencegraduates.Tomaketheteachingprofessionmoreattractive,theobvioussolutionistoraisepay.Whilethegovernmenthastargetedincentivestowardsearly-careerteachers,experiencedteachersarestillbeingofferedonlyameager3%increasetobetakenoutofexistingschoolbudgets.AbadOfstedinspectioncanfurtherexacerbatetheproblembymakingitevenharderforschoolstorecruit,leadingtohighteacherturnoverandmakingittougherforschoolleaderstomaintainandimprovestandards.Disadvantagedschoolssufferthemost,leavingremainingteacherstotakeonclassesoutsidetheirspecialism.TeachersliveinfearofabadOfstedinspection,andreplacingthecurrentratingsystemwitharangeofindicatorscouldprovideparentswithinformationwithoutpenalisingschools.Burnoutiswidespreadacrossthesector,andunlesssalariesareimproved,schoolswillcontinuetostruggle.Ministersshouldlistentoteachers'warningsabouttheproblemscausedbyOfstedinspectionsandtakestepstoaddressthem.【重点词汇】1.publicsector公共领域2.education教育3.domorewithless尽量用更少的资源做更多事情4.stagnant停滞不前的5.workload工作量6.punitive惩罚性的7.Ofsted英国政府教育部门下属的学校和儿童机构质量检查机构8.inspection检查9.deprofessionalisation职业化程度降低10.potential潜在的11.impact影响12.crisis危机13.austerity紧缩政策14.supportstaff支持员工15.payrises加薪16.graduateprofessions研究生职业17.secondaryschools中等教育18.maths数学19.science科学20.attractive有吸引力的21.incentives激励措施22.early-career初期职业生涯23.experienced经验丰富的24.meager微薄的25.schoolbudgets学校预算26.recruitment招聘27.turnover流失率28.maintain维持29.standards标准30.disadvantaged弱势群体31.specialism特长32.fear害怕33.ratingsystem评级系统34.indicators指标35.provide提供36.information信息37.penalising处罚38.widespread广泛的39.address应对40.warnings警告41.caused引起42.steps措施43.potentialimpact潜在影响44.risingtide增长趋势45.mentalhealth心理健康46.socialissues社会问题47.negative消极的48.earnings收入49.below-inflation低于通货膨胀50.pressure压力【阅读理解练习题】1.Whatisthemaincauseofstagnantwagesandworkloadsforpublicsectoremployeesineducation?A.Insufficientsupportstaff.B.Decliningenrollmentinschools.C.PunitiveinspectionsbyOfsted.D.Below-inflationpayrises.Answer:D中文解析：公共部门教育工作者的工资停滞和工作负担增加的主要原因是通货膨胀率低于工资上涨幅度。2.Whatproblemdosecondaryschoolsfaceinrecruitingmathandsciencegraduates?A.Alackofgovernmentincentives.B.Adwindlingpopulationofpotentialteachers.C.Limitedbudgetsforteachersalaries.D.Agrowingpaygapbetweenteachingandotherprofessions.Answer:D中文解析：由于教师工资与其他毕业生专业的工资差距越来越大，招聘数学和科学毕业生成为中学的教师更加困难。3.Whatsolutiondoestheauthorsuggesttomaketeachingamoreattractiveprofession?A.Increaseexperiencedteachersalaries.B.ReplacetheOfstedratingsystem.C.Hiremoresupportstaff.D.Provideincentivesonlyforearly-careerteachers.Answer:A中文解析：为了让教师职业更具吸引力，作者建议提高工资，特别是对有经验的教师。4.HowcanabadOfstedinspectionaffectaschool?A.Itleadstojobcutsforteachers.B.Itcausesanincreaseinenrollment.C.Itmakesithardertorecruitnewteachers.D.Itleadstoanincreaseinfundingfromthegovernment.Answer:C中文解析：糟糕的Ofsted检查结果可能会使学校更难以招聘新教师，导致高教师流动率，并使校长更难以维持和提高标准。5.Whathappenswhenremainingteacherstakeonclassesoutsidetheirspecialism?A.Thestudents'learningsuffers.B.Teachersalariesincrease.C.Theschool'sbudgetisdecreased.D.Enrollmentintheschooldecreases.Answer:A中文解析：当剩余的教师承担他们所不专注的类时，会影响学生的学习。6.WhydodisadvantagedschoolssufferthemostfrombadOfstedinspections?A.Theyhaveahigherteacherturnoverrate.B.Theyhavefewersupportstaff.C.Theyhavelowerfundingfromthegovernment.D.Theyhavelessexperiencedteachers.Answer:A中文解析：劣势学校在Ofsted检查表现差的情况下会遭受最严重的影响，因为这会导致高教师流动率，而这会导致剩余的教师承担他们所不专注的类。7.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestcouldreplacethecurrentOfstedratingsystem?A.Awiderrangeofindicatorstoinformparents.B.Amorepunitivesystemforstrugglingschools.C.Anincentive-basedsystemforhigh-performingschools.D.Asystembasedonstaffexperienceratherthanstudentperformance.Answer:A中文解析：作者建议用更广泛的指标替代Ofsted的等级评估体系，这样可以提供信息，并避免对学校进行惩罚。8.Whatisthemainconsequenceofwidespreadburnoutamongteachers?A.Highersalariesforexperiencedteachers.B.Adeclineineducationstandards.C.Lowerenrollmentinschools.D.Anincreaseinsupportstaff.Answer:B中文解析：教师普遍疲劳影响到教育水平的下降。【全文逐句对照翻译】在过去的十年里，公共教育部门的雇员被期望“事半功倍”。Inthepastdecade,publicsectoremployeesineducationhavebeenexpectedto"domorewithless."这导致工资停滞不前，工作量增加，再加上教育标准局惩罚性的检查程序。Thishasledtostagnantwagesandincreasingworkloads,compoundedbythepunitiveOfstedinspectionprocess.其结果是教育部门潜在的去专业化，这将对学习产生负面影响。Theresultisapotentialdeprofessionalisationoftheeducationsectorthatwillnegativelyimpactlearning.由于财政紧缩、后勤人员减少以及低于通货膨胀率的工资增长，这场危机已经酝酿多年。Thiscrisishasbeenyearsinthemakingasaresultofausterity,fewersupportstaff,andbelow-inflationpayrises.总体而言，自2010年以来，教师的收入下降了13%，教师工资与其他研究生职业之间的差距越来越大，给那些努力招聘数学和科学专业毕业生的中学带来了特别的压力。Overall,teacherearningshavefallenby13%since2010,withthegrowinggapbetweenteacherpayandothergraduateprofessionsputtingparticularpressureonsecondaryschoolsstrugglingtorecruitmathsandsciencegraduates.要使教师职业更具吸引力，显而易见的解决办法是提高工资。Tomaketheteachingprofessionmoreattractive,theobvioussolutionistoraisepay.虽然政府有针对性地鼓励初入职场的教师，但有经验的教师仍然只能从现有的学校预算中获得微薄的3%的加薪。Whilethegovernmenthastargetedincentivestowardsearly-careerteachers,experiencedteachersarestillbeingofferedonlyameager3%increasetobetakenoutofexistingschoolbudgets.糟糕的教育标准局检查会使问题进一步恶化，使学校更难招人，导致教师高流动率，使学校领导更难维持和提高标准。AbadOfstedinspectioncanfurtherexacerbatetheproblembymakingitevenharderforschoolstorecruit,leadingtohighteacherturnoverandmakingittougher