2022年内蒙古大学英语考试真题卷六

2022年内蒙古大学英语考试真题卷六

（本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。）

单位:姓名：考号：

题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分

分值

得分

一、单项选择题(共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意)

1.

EachdayofEarthWeek,forexampIeyhasbeengivenovertoaseparate

environmentalissue.Theyare,{{U}}(31){{/U}},energyefficiencyf

re-cycIing,water{{U}}(32){{/U}},alternativetransportation,

po11utantinformationandoutdoor{{U}}(33){{/U}}.Eachone,asyou

cansee,iswho11yconcernedwithhumanproblems,humansystems,human

safetyand{{U}}(34){{/U}}how(American)humanscangoonIiving{{U}}

(35){{/U}}thesamematerialleveloverthelonghauI{{U}}(36)

{{/U}}messingthingsupforthem-seIves.({U}}(37){{/U}}onthatIist

isthereanyconsiderationofwhatarethoughttobeanimals(ortrees

orrivers)rights;nowhereanyregardfortheongoing{(U}}(38)

{l/U}}ofspeciescausedbyhumans;nowherea{{U}}(39){{/U}}forthe

countIessotherspeciesthatarebeing{{U}}(40){{/U}}dailybythe

destructionandpoisoningofhabitats;nowhereanythoughtgivento

the{{U}}(41){{/U}}ofthenaturalsystemsofthelivingearthand

learningtoIiveinthemasthefirstpeopIedid.{{U}}(42){{/U}}a11,

nowhereontheIististherefoundanyconsiderationofwiIderness,of

theneedforaheaIthyearthtohavepIaceswherehumansdon,t{{U}}(43)

{{/U}},wherethefu11compIexityanddiversityoflifearea11owedto{{U}}

(44){{/U}}unaffectedIy.AlIthattheEarthDaypeopIecanseeis

somethingcalled"justthinkofthe{{U}}(45){{/U}}”ofHoutdoors11,

andalItheycanthinkofdoingthereishuman"recreationM.

Thereasonthatisimportantisthat{{U}}(46){{/U}}thehuman

understandsitselfasaspecies"reappliesformembershipinthe

biosphere",astheeco-historianThomasBerryhas{{U}}(47){{/U}}it,

Mitwi11neverstoptreatingtheearthanditstreasures(resources)as

therightfuIfoodforitsomnivorousmaw(杂食性动物的胃)，wi11never

stopactingasifitownstheearthandhastherightofcontrol{{U}}

(48){{/U}}itsspecies".Thisisamatterofpassinglawsor

doubIe-panningwindows;thisisadeepreorderingofvalues,anew(and

very'old)wayofunderstandingtheearthanditsspeciesassacred,

anecological{{U}}(49){{/U}}thatgorighttotheheartofourIives.

Withoutitno{{U}}(50){[/U]]changeswillcome,orlast.

A.upon

B.over

C.to

D.from

2.

EachdayofEarthWeek,forexampIeyhasbeengivenovertoaseparate

environmentalissue.Theyare,{{U}}(31){{/U}},energyefficiency,

re-cycIingfwater{{U}}(32){{/U}},alternativetransportation,

po11utantinformationandoutdoor{{U}}(33){{/U}}.Eachone,asyou

cansee,iswhoIIyconcernedwithhumanproblems,humansystems,human

safetyand{{U}}(34){{/U}}how(American)humanscangoonIiving{{U}}

(35){{/U}}thesamematerialleveloverthelonghauI{(U)}(36)

{{/U}}messingthingsupforthem-seIves.{{U}}(37){[/[)]}onthatIist

isthereanyconsiderationofwhatarethoughttobeanimals(ortrees

orrivers)rights;nowhereanyregardfortheongoing{{U}}(38)

{l/U}}ofspeciescausedbyhumans;nowherea{{U}}(39){{/U}}forthe

countIessotherspeciesthatarebeing{{U}}(40){{/U}}dailybythe

destructionandpoisoningofhabitats;nowhereanythoughtgivento

the{{U}}(41){{/U}}ofthenaturalsystemsofthelivingearthand

learningtoIiveinthemasthefirstpeopIedid.{{U}}(42){{/U}}aII,

nowhereontheIististherefoundanyconsiderationofwiIderness,of

theneedforaheaIthyearthtohavepIaceswherehumansdon't{{U}}(43)

{{/U}},wherethefu11compIexityanddiversityofIifearea11owedto{{U}}

(44){{/U}}unaffectedIy.AlIthattheEarthDaypeopIecanseeis

somethingcalled"justthinkofthe{{U}}(45){{/U}}wof"outdoors",

andalItheycanthinkofdoingthereishuman"recreationM.

Thereasonthatisimportantisthat{{U}}(46){{/U}}thehuman

understandsitselfasaspecies"reappliesformembershipinthe

biosphere",astheeco-historianThomasBerryhas{{U}}(47){{/U}}it,

"itwi11neverstoptreatingtheearthanditstreasures(resources)as

therightfuIfoodforitsomnivorousmaw(杂食性动物的胃)，wi11never

stopactingasifitownstheearthandhastherightofcontrol{{U}}

(48){{/U}}itsspecies".Thisisamatterofpassinglawsor

doubIe-panningwindows;thisisadeepreorderingofvalues,anew(and

very'old)wayofunderstandingtheearthanditsspeciesassacred,

anecoIogicaI{{U}}(49){{/U}}thatgorighttotheheartofourIives.

Withoutitno{{U}}(50){{/U}}changeswi11come,orlast.

A.consciousness

B.conscience

C.caution

D.response

EachdayofEarthWeek,forexample,hasbeengivenovertoaseparate

environmentaIissue.Theyare,{{U}}(31){{/U}},energyefficiency,

re-cycIing,water{{U}}(32){{/U}},alternativetransportation,

po11utantinformationandoutdoor{{U}}(33){{/U}}.Eachone,asyou

cansee,iswhoIIyconcernedwithhumanproblems,humansystems,human

safetyand{{U}}(34){{/U}}how(American)humanscangoonIiving{{U}}

(35){{/U}}thesamematerialleveloverthelonghauI{{U}}(36)

{{/U}}messingthingsupforthem-seIves.{{U}}(37){{/U}}onthatIist

isthereanyconsiderationofwhatarethoughttobeanimals(ortrees

orrivers)rights;nowhereanyregardfortheongoing{{U}}(38)

{t/U}}ofspeciescausedbyhumans;nowherea{{U}}(39){{/U}}forthe

countIessotherspeciesthatarebeing{{U}}(40){{/U}}daiIybythe

destructionandpoisoningofhabitats;nowhereanythoughtgivento

the{{U}}(41){{/U}}ofthenaturalsystemsofthelivingearthand

learningtoIiveinthemasthefirstpeopIedid.{{U}}(42){{/U}}a11,

nowhereontheIististherefoundanyconsiderationofwiIderness,of

theneedforaheaIthyearthtohaveplaceswherehumansdon,t{{U}}(43)

{{/U}},wherethefu11complexityanddiversityoflifearea11owedto{{U}}

(44){{/U}]unaffectedIy.AlIthattheEarthDaypeopIecanseeis

somethingcalled"justthinkofthe{{U}}(45){{/U}}”ofHoutdoors11,

andalItheycanthinkofdoingthereishuman"recreation".

Thereasonthatisimportantisthat{{U}}(46){{/U}}thehuman

understandsitselfasaspeciesnreappliesformembershipinthe

biosphere",astheeco-historianThomasBerryhas{{U}}(47){{/U}}it,

"itwi11neverstoptreatingtheearthanditstreasures(resources)as

therightfuIfoodforitsomnivorousmaw(杂食性动物的胃)，wi11never

stopactingasifitownstheearthandhastherightofcontrol{{U}}

(48){{/U}}itsspecies".Thisisamatterofpassinglawsor

doubIe-panningwindows;thisisadeepreorderingofvalues,anew(and

very*old)wayofunderstandingtheearthanditsspeciesassacred,

anecological{{U}}(49){{/U}}thatgorighttotheheartofourIives.

Withoutitno{{U}}(50){{/U}}changeswillcome,orlast.

A.intense

B.passionate

C.profound

D.turbulent

4.InthecasethatoccurredinFrancein1981,howmanypeopIewitnessed

it

A.One.

B.Two.

C.Three.

D.Five.

5.IfQuebecwasseparatedfromCanada,thetwopactswithUS.

A.shouldremaineffective

B.shouldbeabolished

C.shouldbediscussedagain

D.shouldbesupplemented

6.ThescientistfromtheFrenchspaceagencydidalIthefollowingthings

except.

A.takingfurtherphotos

B.takingsoilsamples

C.plantingvegetationinthesoil

D.takingsamplesofvegetation

7.TheUSborderwithCanadaistheintileworld.

A.longestdefendedborder

B.longestundefendedborder

C.longestundefinedborder

D.longestcoastalborder

8.PeterSturrockthinksthatthefieIdofUFOstudyisinastateof.

A.popularization

B.pause

C.development

D.ignoranceandconfusion

9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue

A.Inthedaysbeforethevote,theClintonAdministrationhadbeencareful

todescribethereferendumasaninternalmatter.

B.ItiscriticalfortheUnitedStatestohaveastablenorthernneighbor.

C.Mr.ClintondiscussedtheoutcomeofthereferendumTuesdaywith

CanadianPrimeMinister.

D.BothpactswillbediscussedfurtherwithunitedCanada.

10.InwhichcountriesarethereprogramsofpursuingUFOA.China

andUS

A.

B.ChileandFrance.

C.FranceandCanada.

D.EgyptandGreece.

11.{{BUTEXTC{{/B}}

Incontrasttotraditionalanalysesofminoritybusiness,the

socioIogicaIanalysiscontendsthatminoritybusinessownershipisa

group-1eveIphenomenon,inthatitislargelydependentuponsociaIgroup

resourcesforitsdevelopment.Specifica11ytthisanalysisindicates

thatsupportnetworksplayacriticalroleinstartingandmaintaining

minoritybusinessenterprisesbyprovidingownerswitharangeof

assistance,fromtheinformaIencouragementoffamiIymembersandfriends

todependabIesourcesoflaborandcIienteIefromtheowner1sethnic

group.SuchseIf-heIpnetworks,whichencourageandsupportethnic

minorityentrepreneurs,consistof"primary"institutions,thoseclosest

totheindividuaIinshapinghisbehaviorandbeIiefs.Theyare

characterizedbytheface-to-faceassociationandcooperationofpersons

unitedbytiesofmutuaIconcern.Theyformanintermediatesociallevel

betweentheindividualandlarger“secondary"institutionsbasedon

impersonalrelationships.Primaryinstitutionscomprisingthesupport

networkincIudekinship,peer,andneighborhoodorcommunitysubgroups.

AmajorfunctionofseIf-heIpnetworksisfinanciaIsupport.Most

scholarsagreethatminoritybusinessownershavedependedprimarilyon

famiIyfundsandethniccommunityresourcesforinvestmentcapitaI.

PersonaIsavingshavebeenaccumuIatedoftenthroughfrugaIlivinghabits

thatrequiresacrificesbytheentirefamiIyandarethusaproductof

long-termfamiIyfinanciaIbehavior.AdditionaIloansandgiftsfrom

relativesforthcomingbecauseofgroupobIigationratherthannarrow

investmentcalculation,havesuppIementedpersonalsavings.Individual

entrepreneursdonotnecessarilyrelyontheirkinbecausetheycannot

obtainfinanciaIbackingfromcommercialresources.Theymayactua11y

avoidbanksbecausetheyassumethatcommercialinstitutionseither

cannotcomprehendthespeciaIneedsofminorityenterpriseorcharge

unreasonablyhighinterestrates.

Withinthelargerethniccommunity,rotatingcreditassociationshave

beenusedtoraisecapital.TheseassociationsarcinformaIclubsof

friendsandothertrustedmembersoftheethnicgroupwhomakeregular

contributionstoafundthatisgiventoeachcontributorinrotation.

Oneauthorestimatesthat40percentofNewYorkChinatownfirms

estabIishedduring1900-1950utiIizedsuchassociationsastheirinitial

sourceofcapital.However,recentimmigrantsandthirdorfourth

generationsofoldergroupsnowempIoyrotatingcreditassociationsonly

occasionaIlytoraiseinvestmentfunds.SomegroupsIikeBIackAmericans,

foundothermeansoffinanciaIsupportfortheirentrepreneuriaIefforts.

ThefirstBlack-operatedbankswerecreatedinthelatenineteenth

centuryasdepositoriesforduescollectedfromfraternalorlodgegroups,

whichthemseIveshadsprungfromBlackchurches.BlackbanksmadeIimited

investmentsinotherBlackenterprises.IrishimmigrantsinAmerican

citiesorganizedmanybuildingandloanassociationstoprovidecapital

forhomeconstructionandpurchase.Theyinturn,providedworkformany

Irishhome-buiIdingcontractorfirms.Otherethnicandminoritygroups

followedsimilarpracticesinfoundingethnic-directedfinanciaI

institutions.

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutrotating

creditassociations

A.TheyweredevelopedexclusivelybyChineseimmigrants.

B.Theyaccountedforasignificantportionoftheinvestmentcapitalused

byChineseimmigrantsinblewYorkintheearlytwentiethcentury.

C.Third-generationmembersofanimmigrantgroupwhostartedbusinesses

inthe1920'swouldhavebeenunlikelytorelyonthem.

D.Recentimmigrantsstillfrequentlyturntorotatingcreditassociations

insteadofbanksforinvestmentcapital.

12.

{{B11TEXTA({/B}}

ItlooksasifitcamestraightfromthesetofStarWars.Ithas

four-wheeldriveandrisesaboverockysurfaces.Itlowersandraises

itsnosewhengoingupanddownhills.Andwhenitcomestoariver,it

turnsamphibious;twohydrojetspoweritalongbybIastingwaterunder

itsbody.Thereisroomfortwopassengersandadriver,whositinside

aglassbubbleoperatingelectronic,aircraft-typecontrols.AvehicIe

sodaringonlandandwaterneedswindscreenwipers-butitdoesn9

thaveany.Watermoleculesaredisintegratedonthescreen,ssurface

byultrasonicsensors.

ThisunusuaIvehicleistheRacoon.ItisaninventionnotofHo11ywood

butofRenault,aratherconservativeFrenchstate-ownedCarmaker,better

knownforitsfamiIyhatchbacks.Renau11builttheRacoontoexplorenew

freedomsfordesignersandengineerscreatedbyadvancesinmaterials

andmanufacturingprocesses.Renau11isthinkingaboutstartIingly

differentcars;otherproducershaveradicalnewideasfortrains,boats

andaeroplanes.

Thefirstofthenewfreedomsisindesign.Powerfulcomputer-aided

design(CAD)systemscanrepIacewithaclickofacomputermousehours

oflaboriousworkdoneonthousandsofdrawingboards.Sonewproducts,

nomatterhowcompIicated,canbedeveIopedmuchfaster.Forthefirst

time,Boeingwi11nothavetobuiIdagiantrepIicaofitsnewairIiner,

the777,tomakesurealIthebitsfittogether.ItsCADsystemwi11take

careofthat.

ButRenau11istakingCADfurther.ItclaimstheRacoonistheworld1

sfirstvehicIetobedesignedwithinthedigitisedworldofvirtual

reality.CompIexprogramswereusedtosimuIatethevehicIeandthe

terrainthatitwasexpectedtocross.Thisa11owedateamledbyPatrick

LeQuement,Renault1sindustrial-designdirector,to"drive”itlong

beforeaprototypeexisted.

Renau11isnotaloneinthinkingthatvirtualrealitywiIItransform

automotivedesign.InDetroit,Fordisalsoinvestigatingitspotential.

,

JackTeInactthefirmsheadofdesign,wouIdIikedesignersindifferent

partsoftheworldtoworkmorecIoseIytogether,Iinkedbycomputers.

Theywoulddomorethanstylecars.Virtualrealitywi11allowengineers

topeerinsidetheworkingpartsofavehicle.DesignerswiIIwatch

bearingsmove.oiIflow,gearsmeshandhydraulicspump.Asthese

techniquescatchon,evenstrangervehiclesarelikelytocomeaIong.

TransformingthesecreationsfromvirtualrealitytoactuaIreality

wiIIalsobecomeeasier,especiallywithadvancesinmaterials.Firms

thatoncebashedeverythingoutofsteelnowfindthatnewa11oysor

compositematerials(whichcanbemadefrommixturesofplastic,resin,

ceramicsandmetaIsfreinforcedwithfiberssuchasglassorcarbon)are

changingtherulesofmanufacturing.Atthesametime,oldmaterialskeep

gettingbetter,astheirproducerstrytosecuretheirplaceinthe

factoryofthefuture.Thiscompetitionisincreasingthepaceof

deveIopmentofalImaterials.

OnecompanyinthisfieldseaIedcomposites.Itwasstartedin1982

byBurtRutan,anaviatorwhohasdevisedmanyunusuaIaircraft.His

companydeveIopsandtestsprototypesthathaverangedfrombusiness

aircrafttoairracers.Ithasalsoworkedoncompositesailsforthe

America9sCupyachtraceandonGeneralMotors5UltraIite,a

100-miles-per-galIonexperimentalfamiIycarbuiltfromcarbonfiber.

AgainftheRacoonreflectsthisracebetweentheoldandthenew.It

usesconventionaIsteelandwhatRenau11describesasanew"high-1imit

elasticsteeIninitschassis.Thissteelis30%Iighterthantheusual

kind.TheRacoonalsohaspartsmadefromcomposites.Renau11plansto

repIacethepetrolenginewithasmalIgasturbine,whichcouldbemade

fromheat-resistingceramics,anduseittorunageneratorthatwould

providepowerforelectricmotorsateachwheeI.

WithcompositesitispossibIetobuildmanydifferentpartsintoa

singlecomponent.Fiat,Italyfsbiggestcarmakerhasworkedoutthat

itcouldreducethenumberofcomponentsneededinoneofitscarbodies

from150to16byusingacompositeshe11ratherthanonemadeofsteeI.

AircraftandcarsmayincreasinglybeassembIedasiftheywereplastic

kits.

AdvancesinenginetechnoIogyalsomakecarsIighter.TheUltraIite,

whichSeaIedcompositesheIpedtodesignforGeneralMotors,usesatwo-

strokeengineinanpowerpod°attherearofthevehicle.Theengine

hasbeendeveIopedfromanEastGermandesignandweighs40%lessthan

aconventionaIenginebutproducesasmuchpower.ITisexpectedtorun

cleanlyenoughtoquaIifyasanultra-lowemissionsvehicIeunder

California1stoughnewrules.

HowdoesthatRacooncrosswater

A.Itswims.

B.Itraisesitsnose.

C.Ituseshydrojets.

D.Itusesitsfour-wheeldrived.

13.{{B}}TEXTE{{/B}}

ScholarandstudentshaveaIwaysbeengreattravelers.TheofficiaI

casefor"academicmobiIitynisnowoftenstatedinimpressivetermsas

afundamentaInecessityforeconomicandsociaIprogressintheworld,

anddebatedincorridorsofEurope,butitiscertainlynothingnew.

SeriousstudentswereaIwaysreadytogoaboardinsearchofthemost

stimuIatingteachersandthemostfamousacademies;insearchofthe

purestphiIosophy,themosteffectivemedicine,theIikeIiestroadto

gold.

MobiIityofthiskindmeantaIsomobiIityofideas,theirtransference

acrossfrontier,theirsimultaneousimpactuponmanygroupsofpeopIe.

Thepointoflearningistoshareit,whetherwithastartIingdiscovery,

oranewtechnique.Itmustalsohavebeenreassuringtoknowthatother

peopIeinotherpartsoftheworldwereabouttomakethesamediscovery

orwerethinkingalongthesameIines,andthatonewasnotquitealone,

confrontedbyinquisition,ridiculeornegIect.

Inthetwentiethcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,the

oldfootpathsofthewanderingscholarshavebecomevasthighways.The

vehicIewhichhasmadethispossiblehasofcoursebeentheaeroplane,

makingcontactbetweenscholarseveninthemostdistantpIaces

immediateIyfeasible,andprovidingfortheveryrapidtransmissionof

knowledge.

ApartfromthevehicIeitself,itisfairlyeasytoidentifythemain

factorswhichhavebroughtabouttherecentexpIosioninacademic

movement.Someofthesearepurelyquantitativeandrequirenofurther

mention;therearefarmorecentresoflearning,afargreaternumber

ofscholarsandstudents.

Inadditiononemustrecognizetheveryconsiderablemu11ipIication

ofdiscipIines,particularlyinthesciences,whichbywideningthetotaI

areaofadvancedstudyhasproducedanenormousnumberofspeciaIists

whoseparticularinterestsarepreciselydefined.ThesepeopIewouIdwork

insomeisolationiftheywerenotabletokeepintouchwithsimilar

isoIatedgroupsinothercountries.

FrequentlythesespeciaIisationsIieinareaswhereveryrapid

deveIopmentsaretakingpIace,andalsowheretheresearchneededfor

deveIopmentsisextremelycostIyandtakesalongtime.Itisprecisely

intheseareasthattheadvantagesofcollaborationandsharingof

expertiseappearmostevident.Associatedwiththisisthegrowthof

speciaIistperiodicals,whichenabIescholarstobecomeawareofwhat

ishappeningindifferentcentresofresearchandtomeeteachotherin

conferencesandsymposia.Formthesemeetingscomethepersonal

relationshipswhichareatthebottomofaImostalIformalisedschemes

ofcooperation,andprovidethemwiththeirmostsatisfactorystimulus.

ButasthespeciaIisationshaveincreasedinnumberandnarrowedin

range,therehasbeenanoppositemovementtowardsinterdisciplinary

studies.TheseowemuchtothebeliefthatonecannotproperIyinvestigate

theincrediblycompIexproblemsthrownupbythemodernworld,andby

recentadvancesinourknowledgealongthenarrowfrontofasingle

discipline.Thistrendhasledtoagreatdealofacademiccontact

betweendisciplinestandafargreateremphasisonthepooIingof

speciaIistknowIedge,reflectedinthebroadsubjectschoseninmany

internationalconferences.

What,inthewriter'sopinionthappenstoascholarwhoshareshisideas

withhisco11eagues

A.Hegainsrecognitionforhisachievements.

B.Heattractslargenumbersofstudents.

C.Heriskshisideasbeingstudent.

D.Heisconsideredslightlymad.

14.{{B}}TEXTD{{/B}}

WithinAustralia,AustralianHoteIsInc.(AHI)operatesninehoteIs

andempIoysover2,000permanentfull-timestaff,300permanentpart-time

empIoyeesand100casuaIstaff.OneofitsIatestventures,theSydney

AirportHotel(SAH),openedinMarch1995.ThehotelisthecIosestto

SydneyAirportandisdesignedtoprovidethebestavaiIabIe

1

accommodationtfoodandbeverageandmeetingfaciIitiesinSydneys

southernsuburbs.Similartomanyinternationalhotelchains,however,

AHIhasexperienceddifficultiesinAustraliainprovidinglong-term

profitsforhotelowners,asaresultofthecountry1shighlabour-coat

structure.InordertodeveIopaneconomicallyviablehotelorganisation

model,AHIdecidedtoimpIementsomenewpoliciesandpracticesatSAH.

ThefirstoftheinitiativeswasanorganisationaIstructurewithonly

threeIeveIsofmanagement-comparedtothetraditionalseven.Partly

asaresultofthischange,thereare25percentfewermanagement

positions,enabIingasignificantsaving.Thischangealsohasother

impIications.Communication,bothupanddowntheorganisation,has

greatlyimproved.Decision-makinghasbeenforceddowninmanyeasesto

front-1ineempIoyees.Asaresult,guestrequestsareusuallymewithout

referencetoasupervisor,improvingbothcustomerandempIoyee

satisfaction.

Thehotelrecognisedthatitwouldneedadifferentapproachto

seIectingempIoyeeswhowouldfitinwithitsnewpolicies.Inits

advertisements,thehotelstatedapreferenceforpeopIewithsome

11service"experienceinordertominimizetraditionalworkpractices

beingintroducedintothehoteI.Over7,000appIicantsfilledin

applicationformsforthe120jobsinitiallyofferedatSAH.ThebaIance

ofthepositionsatthehoteI(30managementand40shiftIeaderpositions)

werepredominantlyfilledbytransfersfromotherAHIproperties.

AseriesoftestsandinterviewswereconductedwithpotentiaI

employees,whicheventua11yleft280appIicantscompelingthe120

advertisedpositions.Afterthefinalinterview,potentiaIrecruitswere

dividedintothreecategories.CategoryAwasforappIicantsexhibiting

strongleadershipquaIities,CategoryCwasforappIicantsperceivedto

befollowers,andCategoryBwasforappIicantswithbothleaderand

followerquaIities.Departmentheadsandshiftleadersthencomposed

prospectiveteamsusingacombinationofpeopIe