英语学习词汇类高考真题

2013年普通高等学校招生统一考试英语(卷)第一部分：理解（共三节，30分第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分听下面5段每段后有一道小题从每题所给的AB、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段你将听一遍。例：WhatisthemangoingtoA.AB.AC.A答案是AWhatroomdoestheman B. C.Whatwilltheman B. C.WhatdoesthemanntoGo B.Go C.GocamHowmuchisthe B.$ C.What’stheweatherlikethis第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分听下面4段或独白。每段或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段或独白你将听两遍。听第6段材料，回答第67题Whenwillthewomangotoseethe B. C.WherewillthewomansitfortheInthefront.B.Inthe C.Atthe听第7段材料，回答第89题WhenwillthetwospeakersOnthe13th.B.Onthe C.OntheWhatisthemanPersuadingthewomantoaccepthisMakinganapologytotheInvitingthewomanto听第8段材料，回答第1012题WherearethetwoInthe B.Inthe C.IntheWhatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthesummerThesizeoftheThemathTheWhereisthemannningto C.New听第9段材料，回答第1315题WheredoesthespeakergetinformationforherThe B.Travel C.Whatpublictransportationdoesthespeakerseldom B. C.Whatkindof sdoesthespeakerusuallystayHoswithlowHosprovidingHosnearsightseeing第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分听下面一段，完成第16至第20五道小题，每小题仅填写个词。听前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有秒钟的作答时间。这段你将听两遍CustomerPick-up/DeliveryPick- Delivery√ ApartmentNo.23,No.2 ephoneType& pizzawithmushroomsandPrice&￡12.50,paid 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分第一节项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处例：It’ssonicetohearfromheragain. ,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.A.What’s B.That’stoC.InotherwordsD.Believeitor答案是DVolunteeringgivesyouachance lives,includingyourA. B. C. D.toDon’tturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms, couldhaveproblems.A. B. C. D.Shakespeare’syHamlet intoatleasttendifferentoverthepastA.hadbeen B.wasC.hasbeen D.wouldbe thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerA. B. C.To D.—DoyouthinkMomandDad No.SwissAirisusuallyonA. B.will C.would D.haveIhaveanappointment Dr.Smith,butIneedtochangeA. B. C. D.Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks andntscanbeprotected.A. B. C. D.Hurryup!MarkandCarol A. B.are C.haveexpectedD.willWhenwesawtheroad withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.A. B.to C. D.Itookmydrivinglicensewithmeonholiday, Iwantedtohireacar.A.in B.even C.ever D.if makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.A. B. C. D.—SowhatistheAlltheapplicants beforeafinaldecisionismadebytheA. B.areC.are D.arebeingExpertsbelieve peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoponlywhenitisnecessary.A. B. C. D.Ifwe atableearlier,wecouldn’tbestandinghereinaA.have B.C. D.had—Youneedn’ttakeanumbrella.Itisn’tgoingtoWell,Idon’tknow.It A. B. C. D.第二节形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分阅读下面短文握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑ALeap（跳跃）toLeaonanarrowbalancebeam（平衡木）isnoteasy.ButLolaWalter,a13-year-oldgymnast,isanexpertatit.Toperfectherskills,Lola36forfourhoursaday,fivedaysaweek.AtthestatechampionshipsinMarch,shefinishedseventhoutof16girls.That’sespeciallyimpressive.37sheislegallyblind,bornwitharareconditionthatcauseshereyestoshift(移动)constantly.Sheoftenseesdoubleandcan’t38howfarawaythingsare.Whenshewaslittle,hermom39 thateventhoughshecouldn’tsee 40,shewasfearless.Sohermomsignedherupforgymnasticswhenshewasthree.Shelovedthe41rightawayandgymnasticsbecameherfavorite.Thoughlearninggymnasticshasbeenmore42forherthanforsomeofhertetes,shehasneverquit.Shedoesn’tletherstopherfromnganythingthatshewantsShelikesthedeterminationittakestodothesport.Herbiggestisthebalancebeam.Becauseshehasdoublevision,sheoftenseestwobeams.Shemustusehersenseoftouchtohelpherduringherroutine.Sometimessheevencloseshereyes.“Youhaveto45yourmindthatit’lltakeyouwhereyouwanttogo.”saysLola.Tobeatop-levelgymnast,onemustbebrave.Thebeamisprobablythemost46foranyonebecauseit’sfourincheswide.Atthestatecompetition,Loladidn’tfall47thebeam.Infact,shegot8.1outof10—herhighestscoreLoladoesn’twanttobe48differentlyfromtheothergirlsonherteam.Atcompetitions,thejudgesdon’tknowabouther49.Shedoesn’tlthem,becauseshedoesn’tthinktheyneedtoHermomisamazedbyher50Lolaneverthinksabout51.Sheispresentlyatlevel7whilethehighestislevel10ingymnastics.Her52istoreachlevel9.Shesaysshewantstobeagymnasticscoachtopassdownwhatshe’slearnedtootherkids53shegrowsup.Lolais54ofallherhardworkandsuccess.Shesaysit’shelped eproblemsinherlifeoutsidegymnasticstoo.55forothersis“justbelievein36.A.B.C.D.37.A.B.C.D.38. B.C.D.39.BC.D.40.A.B.C.D.41.A.B.C.D.42.A.B.C.D.43.A.B.C.D.44.A.B.C.D.45.A.B.C.D.46.A.B.C.D.47.A.B.C.D.48.A.B.C.D.49.A.B.C.D.50.A.B.C.D.51.A.B.C.D.52.A.B.C.D.53.A.B.C.D.54.A.B.C.D.55.A.B.C.D.第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分第一节（15小题；每小题2分，共30分AEPPortableWeallknowthatthecostofheatingourhomeswillcontinuetobeasignificantburdenonthefamilybudget.NowmillionsofpeoplearesavingontheirheatingbillswiththeEPportableheater.Withoveronemillionsatisfiedcustomersaroundtheworld,thenewEPheatsbetterandfaster,savesmoreonheatingbills,andrunsalmostsilent.TheEPhasnoexposedheatingpartsthatcancauseafire.TheoutsideoftheEPonlygetswarmtothetouchsothatitwillnotburnchildrenorpets.TheEPwillnotreduceoxygenintheroom.Withotherheaters,you’llnoticethatyougetsleepywhentheheatcomesonbecausetheyareburningupoxygen.TheadvancedEPalsoheatstheroomevenly,walltowallandfloortoceiling.Itcomfortablycoversanareaupto350squarefeet.Otherheatersheatroomsunevenlywithmostoftheheatconcentratedtothecenteroftheroom.Andtheyonlyheatanareaafewfeetaroundtheheater.WiththeEP,thetemperaturewillnotvaryinanypartoftheroom.TheEPcomeswitha3-yearwarranty(保修)anda60-day.questionsasked.Satisfactionguarantee.Ifyouarenottotallysatisfied,returnitatourexpenseandyourmoneywillbegivenbacktoyou.Now,wehaveaspecialofferfor10days,duringwhichyoucanenjoyahalfpricediscountandadelivery.Ifyouorderafterthat,wereservetherighttoeitheracceptorrejectorderrequestsatthediscountedTakeactionrightWhatismainlydiscussedinParagraphTheheatofthe B.ThesafetyoftheC.Theappearanceofthe D.ThematerialoftheFromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheEP doesn’tburnuprunswithoutanymakespeoplegetisunsuitableforchildrenandTheunderlinedword“evenly”inParagraph4probablymeans B.separaC. D.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto persuadepeopletobuytheadvisepeopletosaveonheatingreportthenewdevelopmentofportablecomparethefunctionsofdifferentheaterBTwodolphinsracearoundinabigpoolintheOceanPark.ThesmallerGrace,showsoffafewofhertricks,turningaroundandwavingotothecrowd.Themostamazingthingabouther,however,isthatshe’sevenswimmingatall.Shedoesn’thaveatail.Gracelosthertailasababywhenshegotcaughtupinafishtrap.WhenthedolphinarrivedattheOceanParkinDecember2005,shewasfightingforherlife.“Isshegoingtomakeit?”Hertrainer,AbbeyStone,fearedtheworst.Gracedidmakeit—buthertaildidn’t.Sheendeduplosingherflukesandthelowerpartofherpeduncle.Overthepastsixyears,shehaslearnedtoswimwithouthertail.Dolphinsswimbymovingtheirflukesandpeduncleupanddown.Gracetaughtherselftomoveanotherway—likeafish!Shepushesherselfforwardthroughthewaterbymovingherpedunclefromsidetoside.ThemovementsputharmfulpressureonGrace’sbackbone.Soaofferedtocreateaman-madetailforher.ThetailhadtobeenoughtostayonGraceassheswambutsoftenoughthatitwouldn’thurtThefirsttimeGraceworetheartificialtail,shesoonshookitoffandletitsinktothebottomofthepool.Nowsheisstilllearningtousethetail.Somedaysshewearsitforanhouratatime,othersnotatall.“Thenewtailisn’tnecessaryforhertofeelcomfortablesaysStone,“butithelpstokeepthatrangeofmotion(动作)andbuildmuscles(肌肉).”Now,thedolphinisabouttogetanevenhappierending.ThisGracewillstarinDolphinTale,afilmthatfocusesonherrescueandrecovery.Herprogresshasinspiredmorethanjustanewmovie.Manypeopletravelfromnearandfartomeether.SeeingGraceswimwithherman-madetailgivespeoplesomuchWhenGracefirstarrivedattheOceanPark,hertrainerworriedabouther physical B.potentialC.chanceof D.adaptationtotheAman-madetailiscreatedforGraceto letherrecover B.makeherC.adjustherwayof D.helpherperformbetterThestoryofGraceinspirespeopleto sticktotheir B.treatanimalsC.treasurewhatthey D.facedifficultiesCDoesFameDriveYouAlthoughbeingfamousmightsoundlikeadreamcometrue,today’sstars,feelinglikezooanimals,facepressuresthatfewofuscanimagine.Theyareatthecenterofmuchoftheworld’sattention.Paparazzi(狗仔队)campoutsidetheirhomes,camerasready.Tabloids()publishthrillingstoriesabout allives.JustimaginenotbeingabletodowithoutbeingphotographedorinterruptedforaAccordingtopsychologistChristinaVillarreal,celebrities—famouspeople—worryconstantlyabouttheirpublicappearance.Eventually,theystarttolosetrackofwhotheyreallyare,seeingthemselvesthewayfansimaginethem,notasthepeopletheywerebeforeeveryoneknewtheirnames.“Overtime,”Villarrealsays,“theyfeelseparatedandalone.”Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,paintersfollowedAlexandertheGreatintobattle,hotopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers.WhenCharlesDickensvisitedAmericainthe19thcentury,hissold-outreadingsattractedthousandsoffans,leadinghimtocomin(抱怨)abouthislackofTabloidsofthe1920sand1930sranarticlesaboutfilm-starsinmuchsamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesBeingapublicfiguretoday,however,isalotmoredifficultthanitusedtobe.Superstarscannotmoveaboutwithoutworryingaboutphotographerswithmoderncameras.Whentheysaysomethingsillyordosomethingridiculous,thereisalwaystheInternettospreadthenewsinminutesandkeeptheir“story”aliveforever.Iffameissotroublesome,whyaren’tallcelebritiesrunningawayfromit?Theansweristherearestillwaystodealwithit.Somestarsstaycalmbysurroundingthemselveswithtrustedfriendsandfamilyorbyescatoremotecesawayfrombigcities.Theyfocusnotonhowfamoustheyarebutonwhattheylovetodoorwhatevermadethemfamousinthefirstce.Sometimesafewcelebritiescangetalittlejustice.Still,evenstarswhoenjoyfulljusticeoftencominabouthowhardtheirlivesare.aretiredofbeingfamousItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatstarstoday areoftenmisunderstoodbythecannolongerhavetheirprivacyspendtoomuchontheirpubliccarelittleabouthowtheyhavecomeintoWhatisthemainideaofParagraphGreatheroesofthepastweregenerallyTheproblemfacedbycelebritieshasalongWell-knownactorsareusuallytargetsofWorksofpopularwritersoftenhavealotofWhatmakesitmuchhardertobeacelebrityAvailabilityofmodernInadequatesocialLackoffavorableHugepopulationofWhatistheauthor’sattitudetowardmodern B.C. D.DPeoplewhomultitaskallthetimemaybetheworst ngtwoatonce,anewresearchsuggestsThefindingsbasedonperformancesandself-evaluationsbyabout275collegestudents,indicatethatmanypeoplemultitasknotoutofadesiretoincreaseproductivity,butbecausetheyareeasilydistracted分心andcan’tfocusononeactivityAnd“thosepeopleturnouttobetheworstathandlingdifferentthings,”saidSanbonmatsu,apsychologistattheUniversityofSanbonmatsuandhiscolleaguesgavethestudentsasetoftestsandaskedthemtoreporthowoftentheymultitasked,howgoodtheythoughttheywereatitandhowsensation-seeking寻求刺激orimpulsive冲动)theywere.Theythenevaluatedtheparticipantsmultitaskingabilityatrickymentaltaskthatrequiredthestudentstodosimplemathematicalcalculationswhilerememberingasetofletters.Notsurprisingly,thescientistssaid,mostpeoplethoughttheywerebetterthanaverageatmultitasking,andthosewhothoughttheywerebetteratitweremorelikelytoreportusingawhiledrivingorviewingmultiplekindsofmediaatonce.Butthosewhofrequentlydealwithmanythingsatthesametimewerefoundtoperformtheworstattheactualmultitaskingtest.Theyalsoweremorelikelytoadmittosensation-seekingandimpulsivebehavior,whichconnectswithhoweasilypeoplegetboredanddistracted.butbecausethey’redistractible,andtheygetsuckedintothingsthatarenotasimportant.”SanbonmatsuAdamGazzaley,aresearcherattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,whowasnotamemberoftheresearchgroup,saidonelimitationofthestudywasthatitcouldn’tfindoutwhetherpeoplewhostartoutlessfocusedtendtowardmultitaskingorwhetherpeople’srecognizingandunderstandingabilitieschangeasaresultofmultitasking.Thefindingsdosuggest,however,whythesensation-seekerwhomultitaskthemostmayenjoyriskydistracteddriving.“Peoplewhoaremultitaskingaregenerallylesssensitivetoriskysituations,”saidPaulAtchley,anotherresearchernotinthegroup.“Thismaypartlyexinwhypeoplegoinforthesesituationseventhoughthey’redangerous.”TheresearchledbySanbonmatsuindicatesthatpeoplewho seekhighproductivitypreferhandlingdifferentthingswhengettingaremorefocusedwhenngmanythingsatahavethepoorestresultsinngvariousthingsatthesameWhenSanbonmatsuandhiscolleaguesconductedtheirresearch, assessedthemultitaskingabilityoftheevaluatedtheacademicachievementsoftheyzedtheeffectsoftheparticipants’trickymentalmeasuredthechangesofthestudents’understandingAccordingtoSanbonmatsu,peoplemultitaskbecauseoftheir limitedpowerininterests ngthingsinabilitytoconcentrateononeimpulsivedesiretotrynewFromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthatmultitaskersusually driveverygoinfordifferentfailtoreactquicklytopotentialrefusetoexinthereasonsfortheir第二节（5小题；每小题2分，共10分根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Untilrelativelyrecentlythevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago.71Infact,nearlyeveryonelivedonfarmsorintinyrural(乡村的)villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20ththatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory—asocietywhichthemajorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaBritainwasonlythe urbanizationthemigration(迁徙)ofpeoplefromthecountrysidetothecity—wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.In1990,fewerthan40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms.Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocietiesittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.74Untilmoderntimes,thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite精英andtheservantslaborersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmerswerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity.Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.75Today,insteadofneedingninety-fivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon-farmers.ThatkeptcitiesveryTherestliveinsmallTheeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeSoonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecameurbanButeven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldlivein Modernizationdrewpeopleto