2018年高考英语二轮复习与增分策略 专题一 阅读理解 第三节 题组练习 10 说理议论+社会文化+应用广告+逸闻趣事

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精PAGE2学必求其心得，业必贵于专精PAGE说理议论+社会文化+应用广告+逸闻趣事A（2017·四川乐山调研)Whenpeoplearoundyouagreewithyou，itimprovesyourconfidenceandallowsyoutorelaxandfeelcomfortable.Unfortunately，thatcomfortusuallykeepsyouawayfromachievingmoresuccessinyourcareer,especiallywhenyouareinaleaderposition.Soitfeelsnicetohavepeopleagree，butyouneedsomeregularconflicts，thatistosay,tohavepeopleraisedifferentviewssothatyoucandigoutthedeepertruthandavoidsufferingfrombeingtoomuchonjustoneside.Sodoyouoftenshareyouropinionsonmostsubjectswithpeoplearoundyouandencouragethemtodebate?Ifyes，setitasatraditioninyourcompanyordepartment。Atfirst,itseemsachallengetocreateanenvironmentwherepeopleareinfreeatmospheretodisagreeandargue，butremember：fromsharpconflictscomesoundjudgments,andfromsoundjudgmentscomerightdecisions.That’sbecausemostofthetimeyouhavetocollectdifferentopinionsfromdifferentanglestohelpyourselfidentifyyourblindspotsbeforeyouformtherealbrilliantideas.However，effectivedebatesdonotrequireangryquarrelsandembarrassments.Soyouneedtosetsomegroundrulessoeveryoneunderstandsresponsibilities，boundariesandrewards.RuleNo。1：Thegoalofdebatingisnottowinoverothersbuttogettothetruththatwillallowyouandyourstafftomovefasterandbetter。RuleNo.2：Fiercedebatingwithstrongemotionhurtsfeelingsanddoesharmtoteamwork。Sorepeatedlyremindyourstaff，bestwithsmilesandhumors，thatthisisfriendlyopinionsharingtimeforacommongoalinsteadofabattlebetweentwoenemiestryingwithfulleffortstobeattheotheronedowntoearth。RuleNo.3：Allthoseinvolvedinthedebatesshallgetrewardswhenthegoalsarereached,thustheyknowhowmuchyouappreciatetheircontributions。Themoretheyfeelappreciated，themorethey’llbewillingtocontributetheirtalentswithfullheartinthefuture。语篇解读本文讨论了有效的辩论的意义及辩论时应遵循的原则。1．Whathappenswhenyourstaffallagreewithyou？A．Itmayimproveyourworkeffectively.B．Itcreatesharmoniousworkingatmosphere.C．Youarelikelytomakemorerightdecisions.D．Youmayhaveproblemsincareeradvancing.答案D2．Itisimportanttocarryondebatesamongyourstaffbecauseyoucan.A．godeeperintruth-seekingcourseB．createafreeatmospheretodebateC．findsharpconflictsindebatingD．findpeoplewhosupportyou答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Soitfeelsnicetohavepeopleagree，butyouneedsomeregularconflicts，thatistosay，tohavepeopleraisedifferentviewssothatyoucandigoutthedeepertruthandavoidsufferingfrombeingtoomuchonjustoneside。”可知，这可以使你更深入地寻求真理,故选A.3．Whichofthefollowingiseffectiveinavoidingblinddebates？A．Encouragingyourstafftowinoverothers。B．Remindingyourstafftowearsmilesandbehumorous。C．Announcingthatitisopinionsharinginsteadofquarrels。D．Rewardingthosewhoappreciateyourcontribution。答案C解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知宣布这是意见分享而不是争吵是避免盲目争吵的有效方法。故选C。4．Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage？A．AppreciatetheContributionofYourStaffB．SeekDebatesActivelyforAdvancementC．BrilliantIdeasComeFromFierceDebatesD．FindTalentedStafffromFreeDebates答案B解析标题归纳题.根据文章内容可知，有效的辩论会促进进步。故B项符合题意.B(2017·四川乐山调研)MOOCs，anacronym（缩写词)for“massiveopenonlinecourses”，markanimportant，possiblyrevolutionary，developmentineducation.Thesecoursesareonline，freeofcharge，andopentoanyoneintheworldwhohasalaptopandanInternetconnection。Moreover,theyaremainlyofferedbyeliteuniversitieslikeStanford，Berkeley,HarvardandColumbia.Thecourses，likenormalcollegecourses，arearrangedinorderbydifficulty，enablingstudentstoprogressfrombeginnerstotheadvanced.Thecoursescovernotonlyabroadrangeoftechnicalsubjectssuchasmathandcomputerscience,butalsocoursesinthesocialsciencesandthehumanities.ThoughMOOCsarenotofferedforcreditanddegree，manystudentsenrollin（选课）thecoursesforrealskillsorknowledgewhichtheycanputtosomepracticaluse。Somestudentsevenformonlinestudygroups，orin-persongroupswithstudentswholivenearby.Theformatseemssuperiortothetraditionalschoolclass。Theaveragequalityofthelecturerismuchhigher，becausestudentsdonothavetostickwithanordinarylecturer.Besides，studentscanrollbackorforward—inshort,theycangoattheirownlearningspeed，whichtheycannotdoinalivelecture.And，ofgreatimportance，theydonothavetotravelanywheretoattendanonlinelecture.Onecanobtainafirst—classAmericancollegeeducationwhereverheorshelivesandhoweverlittlemoneyheorshehas。Thereisaproblemofaskingquestionsofthelecturerinaclassoftenthousandstudents,butsomeMOOCshavesolveditbyallowingstudentstopostquestionsonlineforavote，andonlythemostpopularquestionsareputtothelecturer。Inaknowledgeera，lifelonglearningisnotlimitedtoatraditionalclassroom.Ofcourse，studentsenrollinginMOOCscannotbecomparedwiththosewhoareintraditionaluniversities，butweneedtorethinkwhata“students”is.StudentsinMOOCsareveryclever，haveworkexperience，andinmanycases，havealreadydevelopedasetofcore(核心)competences。Moreover，theyalsoofferuniqueinternationalperspectives(视野)thatwouldbetheenvyofanyschoolclassroom。语篇解读本文提到现在流行的慕课MOOCs——在线网络课程的缩写，相比传统课程，慕课不仅课程质量比较高,学生还可以按自己的进度进行学习。5．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutMOOCs？A．Theword“MOOCs”isshortfor“massiveopenonlinecampuses”．B．MOOCsmaybeabreakthroughinthedevelopmentofeducation.C．MOOCsareofferedbyfirst—classuniversitiesandhighschools。D．AnyonewhohasacomputercantakeMOOCs.答案A解析细节理解题。由第一段第一句“MOOCs，anacronym（缩写词)for‘massiveopenonlinecourses'，markanimportant,possiblyrevolutionary,developmentineducation.”可知MOOCs不是massiveopenonlinecampuses的缩写。6．StudentsenrollinMOOCsmainlyfor。A．credits B．degreesC．skills D．studygroups答案C解析细节理解题。第三段提到“ThoughMOOCsarenotofferedforcreditanddegree，manystudentsenrollin(选课）thecoursesforrealskillsorknowledgewhichtheycanputtosomepracticaluse.”可知选C.7．MOOCsseemtohaveanadvantageovertraditionalschoolclassesbecause.a．theaveragequalityofthelecturerishigherb．studentscantraveltomanyplaceswhentakingMOOCsc．studentscanlearnattheirownstudypaced．thereisaproblemofaskingquestionsintraditionalclassesA．a，bB．b，cC．a,cD．b，d答案C解析细节理解题.根据四段第二句中的“Theaveragequalityofthelecturerismuchhigher。。.”和第五段中的“Besides，studentscanrollbackorforward—inshort，theycangoattheirownlearningspeed.。."可知，MOOCs的优势是讲师质量比较高和学生可以按自己的进度进行学习。故选C项.8．WhichofthefollowingwordsisthebesttodescribestudentsenrollinginMOOCs？A．Ordinary。 B．Creative。C．Subjective。 D．Competent.答案D解析细节理解题.根据最后一段的内容可知选D。C（2017·广西柳州高级中学模拟）TeenCreativeWritingResidency(培训）atAtlanticCenterfortheArtsJoinotherteensforanintensiveten—daywritingresidencywithMasterWritersattheworld—renownedAtlanticCenterfortheArts。TheResidencyTheTeenCreativeWritingResidencyisasummerwritingresidencythatoffers9th―12thgradeteenswritingworkshopsandmentorship（辅导）bydistinguishedauthorsinpoetry，fiction，andnon—fiction。TheTeenCreativeWritingResidencywillbeheldatAtlanticCenterfromJuly13throughJuly26,offering21teensfromaroundthecountryanextraordinaryopportunitytoexpandthepoweroftheirindividualvoicesthroughwritingworkshopswithMasterWriters.ResidencyScheduleTeenWriterswilljointhreeMasterWriters-in—Residence，oneineachofthefollowinggenres（类型）-poetry，fiction，andnon—fiction。ThementorshipwiththeMasterWriters—in-Residencewillbethefocus,butthechancetohaveconversationswiththeotherVisitingWritersandparticipatingTeenWriterswillbevaluable。ClassesmeetMonday―Fridayfortwohoursofworkshops.TeenWriterswillhavetheopportunitytofocusononegenre，whilealsoexploringtheotherformsofliteraturethroughworkshopsandconversation.AdmissionTheselectionprocessfortheuniqueliteraryresidencyopportunitywillbecompetitive.AtlanticCenterreceivestheapplications，andthejudgesevaluatewritingsamples.Asclasssizesarekeptsmalltoprovidethehighestqualityinstruction,notallqualifiedwritersmaybeaccepted.Applicationsshouldincludethefollowing:1．CoverLetter：Yourname,address,age，phonenumber(s)．2．WritingSample（3pages）：Yourwritingsampleshouldbeinyourpreferredformofliterature。语篇解读本文介绍了大西洋艺术中心的青少年创意写作培训项目。9．Whomisthewritingresidencyheldfor？A．Teensallovertheworld。B．Teensalloverthecountry。C．Authorsofliterature.D．VisitingWriters。答案B解析细节理解题。根据TheResidency中的“TheTeenCreativeWritingResidencywillbeheldatAtlanticCenterfromJuly13throughJuly26，offering21teensfromaroundthecountryanextraordinaryopportunitytoexpandthepoweroftheirindividualvoicesthroughwritingworkshopswithMasterWriters。”可知选B.10．WhatdoesaMasterWriter—in-Residenceteach？A．Writingandreading.B．Writingandspeaking.C．Allofthethreeliteratureforms.D．Oneofthethreeliteratureforms。答案D解析细节理解题。根据ResidencySchedule中的“TeenWriterswilljointhreeMasterWriters-in-Residence,oneineachofthefollowinggenres(类型)—poetry，fiction，andnon—fiction.”可知选D。

11．WhichofthefollowingisNOTrequiredtobeintheCoverLetter？A．Name。 B．Address.C．Educationbackground。 D．Age。答案C解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“1。CoverLetter:Yourname,address，age，phonenumber(s）．"可知选C项。12．Whatarethewritingsamplesusedfor？A．Judgingwhethertheapplicantscanbeaccepted。B．Judgingwhatformofliteraturetheteenslikebest。C．Choosingwinnersinthewritingcompetitions。D．SelectingTeenWritersforthewritingcompetitions.答案A解析细节理解题。根据Admission中的“Asclasssizesarekeptsmalltoprovidethehighestqualityinstruction，notallqualifiedwritersmaybeaccepted.”可知，写作样本是为了判断申请人是否可以被接纳。故选A.D（2017·河北衡水中学联考)ScientistsinBritainhavemanagedtoteachbumblebees（大黄蜂)topullstringstogettofoodandthenpassonwhattheyhavelearnedtoothersintheircolony（群体)—showingahighlevelofintelligencedespitetheirtinybrains.ResearchersatQueenMaryUniversityofLondonsaidtheexperiments，oftenusedtotesttheintelligenceofapes（猿）andbirds，showedforthefirsttimethatsomeinsectsareuptothetask，andcanalsopassskillsonthroughseveralgenerations.Thefindingsaddtotheevidencesuggestingtheabilityfor“culturespread”—theabilitytolearnandpassonknowledgeandskills—maynotbeexclusivetohumans。Intheresearch，publishedinthejournalPLOSBiologyonTuesday，thescientistswereabletotrain23outofagroupof40beestopullstringswiththeirlegsandfeet。Thestringswereattachedtodiscs—orartificial“flowers”—containingfoodattheircenterbutplacedunderatransparentscreen.Thebees，spottingthefoodbeneaththescreen,learnedtopullthe“flowers”outbypullingthestringwiththeirlegsandfeettobeabletogettoit。Fromanothergroupofbeesgiventhechancetosolvethetaskwithoutanytraining，onlytwoof110weresuccessful。Anothergroupofbeeswasthenallowedtoobservethetrainedbeespullingthestrings，and60percentofthemsuccessfullylearnedtheskill.Finally，trainedbeeswereputincolonies，andthescientistsfoundthetechniquespreadsuccessfullytoamajorityofthecolony'sworkerbees。LarsChittka，aQueenMaryUniversityprofessorwhoguidedtheproject，saidtheteamisinterestedinfiguringoutthebrainprocessesbehindthebees’learningandteachingskills。语篇解读本文介绍了大黄蜂经过训练可以习得某种技能,还会传播自己所学的技能。13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exclusive”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Ordinary。 B．Unique。C．Beneficial. D．Widespread.答案B解析词义猜测题。第二段中提出，不仅猿和鸟类有学习和传播知识的能力,一些昆虫也有这样的能力。第二段和第三段中的关键词also和addtotheevidence提示，这种能力并非人类独有的.故选B项。14．Whatdidtheresearchersfindaboutbees?A．Beeslearnbestininsects.B．Beesareascleverasbirds。C．Beesareborngoodlearners.D．Beescanbetrainedtolearnskills。答案D解析细节理解题。依据第四段中的“thescientistswereabletotrain23outofagroupof40beestopullstringswiththeirlegsandfeet"可知,科学家发现大黄蜂经过训练可以学会技能.故选D项。15．Whatmaytheresearchteamfocusonnext？A．Whatelsebeescando。B．Wherebeeslearnskills.C．Howbeesteachothers。D．Howbees'brainswork。答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“。.。theteamisinterestedinfiguringoutthebrainprocessesbehindthebees’learningandteachingskills.”可知,科研团队对大黄蜂学习和传播技能的大脑思考过程很感兴趣，因此，接下来他们应该会研究大黄蜂大脑的工作原理。故选D项.Ⅰ.单词梳理1．Tomblameshislackofconfidence（confident）onhismother。2．Thehostessmadeherguestscomfortable(comfort）．3．Thefactscouldcauseembarrassment(embarrass）iftheyeverbecamepublic.4．Hehasmadeanimportantcontribution（contribute)tothecompany'ssuccess。5．Hehasamaster’sdegreeineducation(educate）．6．Thereisnoconnection(connect)betweenthem.7．Thewritingofpoems，storiesorplaysisoftencalledcreative(create）writing。8．Heisaveryfamouswriter(write）inthiscountry。9．It’sgettingverycompetitive（compete）inthe