湖南绥宁县2016高考英语二轮阅读理解选练及参考答案3

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精湖南绥宁县2016高考英语二轮阅读理解选练(3）及参照答案高考英语冲刺阅读理解。请认真阅读以下短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。Everybodyishappyashispayrises。Yetpleasureatyourowncandisappearifyoulearnthatafellowworkerhasbeengivenabiggerone。Indeed，ifheisknownasbeinglazy，youmightevenbequitecross.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”，withtheunderlyingbeliefthatotheranimalswouldnotbeabletohavethisfinelydevelopedsenseofsadness.ButastudybySarahBrosnanofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey，aswell.Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviorsofsomekindoffemalebrownmonkeys.Theylooksmart。Theyaregood—natured,co—operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodhappily。Aboveall,likefemalehumanbeings,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales。SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectsubjectsforDoctorBrosnan'sstudy。Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokens奖(券)forfood。Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforpiecesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparateandconnectedrooms,sothateachothercouldobservewhattheotherisgettinginreturnforitsrock,学必求其心得，业必贵于专精theybecamequitedifferent.Intheworldofmonkeys,grapesareexcellentgoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）。Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken，thesecondwasnotwillingtohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber。Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithershookherowntokenattheresearcher,orrefusedtoacceptthecucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherroom（withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtobringaboutdissatisfactioninafemalemonkey。Theresearchessuggestthatthesemonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialsenses。Inthewild，theyareco-operativeandgroup—living。Suchco-operationislikelytobefirmonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated。Feelingsofangerwhenunfairlytreated，itseems,arenotthenatureofhumanbeingsalone.Refusingasmallerrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingscleartootheranimalsofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessdevelopedindependentlyinmonkeysandhumans，orwhetheritcomesfromthecommonrootsthattheyhad35millionyearsago，is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A。Onlymonkeysandhumanscanhavethesenseoffairnessintheworld.B.Womenwillshowmoredissatisfactionthanmenwhenunfairlytreated.学必求其心得，业必贵于专精C。Inthewild,monkeysareneverunhappytosharetheirfoodwitheachother。D.Monkeyscanexchangecucumbersforgrapes，forgrapesaremoreattractive。答案解析：答案为B。此题为推断题，考生需通读全文进行推断。本文表达了当碰到不公正待遇的时候,每个人都会生气，包括动物。但是雌性的动物比雄性的动物更加在意不公正的待遇，研究中用猴子作为实验来证明这一点。文章中第二段“Abovealllike，femalehumanbeings，theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales。”与第三段“SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectsubjectsforDoctorBrosnan'sstudy。”都有此表达，故答案为B“当碰到不公正待遇的时候，女性比男性更加不满".从最后一段“Refusingasmallerrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingscleartootheranimalsofthegroup。However，whethersuchasenseoffairnessdevelopedindependentlyinmonkeysandhumans,orwhetheritcomesfromthecommonrootsthattheyhad35millionyearsago,is，asyet,anunansweredquestion。”中可知，independently（独立）对应A选项中的only，whetheroranunansweredquestion（可否或许未知的问题）的表达方式与A选项的意思“只有猴子与人类才拥有公正意识”不一样,故A选项是错误的.从第三段“Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforpiecesofcucumber.However，whentwo学必求其心得，业必贵于专精monkeyswereplacedinseparateandconnectedrooms,sothateachothercouldobservewhattheotherisgettinginreturnforitsrock，theybecamequitedifferent。”可知，猴子愿意用石块交换黄瓜，但是当看到别的一只猴子因为石块获得的回报，态度就不同样了。因此C选项“猴子从不会不快乐互相分享食品”与该句意思不符.从第四段首句“Intheworldofmonkeys,grapesareexcellentgoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）。"中注意“excellent(极好的）”与“preferable（更好的)”两词，与D选项“forgrapesaremoreattractive（更拥有吸引力的）”意思不一致。综上解析,A，C,D都不吻合文章意思。2。Theunderlinedstatement“itisalltoomonkey________。A.monkeysarealsoangrywithlazyfellowsB。feelingbitteratunfairnessisalsomonkeyC。monkeys，likehumans,tendtobeenviousofeachotherD。noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchfeelings答案解析：答案为B.此题为句意推断题。结合文章第一段中“alltoohuman”前面的内容是说当得知别人懒散却加薪更多的时候，人人都会生气，这是人的本能.接下来提到的“itisalltoomonkey”也是表达“猴子碰到不公正待遇的时候感觉悲伤也是猴子的本能。"的意思.故答案为B。A选项“猴子对懒散的伙伴也会生气”,C选项“猴子像人类同样会互相忌妒",D选项“除了猴子没有其他的动物会有那种感觉”都与文章意思不符。学必求其心得，业必贵于专精Femalemonkeysofthiskindarechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare___.A.morelikelytoweighwhattheygetB。attentivetoresearchers'instructionsC。niceinbothappearanceandbehaviorsD。morereadytohelpothersthantheirmalecompanions答案解析：答案为A。此题为细节推理题。从文章中第二段“Aboveall,likefemalehumanbeingstheytendtopay，muchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices与第”than三段“SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectsubjectsforDoctorBrosnan'sstudy。"可知，雌性的猴子作为实验是因为她们比雄性的猴子更加关注“物品与服务”的价值。A选项“她们更有可能权衡（weigh）她们获得的”，与上述解析意思一致,故答案为A。B和D在文章中都未提到；C其实不是根本的原因。WhichofthefollowingconclusionsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A.Humanbeings'feelingsofangeraredevelopedfromthemonkeys。B。Intheresearch,malemonkeysarelesslikelytoexchangefoodwithothers。C.Co-operationbetweenmonkeysstaysfirmbeforetherealizationofbeingcheated.D.Onlymonkeysandhumanshavethesenseoffairnesswhichdatesbackto35millionyearsago。学必求其心得，业必贵于专精答案解析:答案为C。此题为细节理解题。从文章最后一段“Suchco—operationislikelytobefirmonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated。"可知,只有当每个动物感觉没有被欺骗的时候合作的态度才是坚定的”,C选项的意思“意识到被欺骗从前猴子之间的合作特别坚定"与上述解析一致。解答此题注意同义句的变换表达。A,B，D与文章意思不吻合。WhatcanweinferaboutthemonkeysinSarah'sstudy？A.Themonkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialsenses.B.Theyusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumans。doC。Themonkeysmayshowtheirsatisfactionwithequaltreatment.D。Co-operationamongthemonkeysremainseffectiveinthewild.答案解析：答案为C。此题为推断题。文章中说，猴子碰到不公正待遇的时候会生气,这句话的意思就是C选项的表达“猴子碰到公正待遇的时候会满意”,故答案为C。解答此题依旧要注意推理题设置的技巧：用不一样的表达方式来表达同样的意思。从文章最后一段“Theresearchessuggestthatthesemonkeys,likehumans，areguidedbysocialsenses.Inthewild,theyareco—operativeandgroup-living。”可知，猴子自己就有社会意识，而不是经过训练获得,故A错误。B，D在文章中未提及。高考英语冲刺阅读理解。学必求其心得，业必贵于专精请认真阅读以下短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。Theamountoftimechildrenspendininstitutionalcare（机构式照顾）mayaffecthowtheirbrainsdevelop。That’stheconclusionofanewstudycarriedoutbyresearchersattheUniversityofWisconsin，HarvardMedicalSchoolandtheUniversityofMinnesota。ThestudyispublishedinChildDevelopmentinthejournal’sJanuary/February20Tolearnhowthelackofcareandmaterialneedsthatinstitutionalizedchildrenoftenexperienceaffectbraindevelopment,theresearcherslookedat1328—and9-year—olds。SomeofthemwereadoptedintoU。S.homesafterspendingatleastayearandthreequartersoftheirlivesininstitutionsinAsia,LatinAmerica,RussiaandEasternEurope，andAfrica.Otherswereadoptedbythetimetheywere8monthsoldintoU。.Shomesfromfostercare（寄养）inAsiaandLatinAmerica；mostofthesechildrenhadspentnotimeininstitutionalcare，whilesomehadspentamonthortwoininstitutionspriortofosterplacement.Onaverage，theinternationallyadoptedchildrenhadbeenlivingwiththeirfamiliesformorethan6years.ThesechildrenwerecomparedtoagroupofAmericanchildrenraisedintheirbirthfamilies.Childrenadoptedearlyfromfostercaredidn’differtfromchildrenraisedintheirbirthfamiliesintheUnitedStates。Childrenadoptedfrominstitutionalcareperformedworsethanthoseraisedinfamiliesontestsmeasuringvisualmemoryandattention,learningvisualinformation,and学必求其心得，业必贵于专精impulse（激动)control.Yetthesechildrenperformedatdevelopmentallyappropriatelevelsontestsinvolvingsequencingandplanning.Thetake—homemessage:Childrenmaketremendousadvancesincognitive（认知的）functioningoncetheyreachtheiradoptivefamilies,buttheearlyimpactontheirbrains’developmentisdifficcompletely.”Weidentifiedbasiclearningprocessesthatareaffectedbyearlyinstitutionalization，”notesSethPollakprofessor，ofpsychologyandpediatricsattheUniversityofWisconsin，whowasthestudy'sleadauthor.”Policiesthatspeedthetimeinwhichchildrencanberemovedfrominstitutionalizedcaresotheycandevelopwithinfamilycontextsshouldbeimplementedtodecreasethelikelihoodoflearningproblemslaterinchildren’slives。”1。ThepassageismainlywrittentoA.comparetwochildcaresystemschildcareC。presentanewresearchfinding

。B。criticizetheinstitutionalD.introducethebasiclearningprocess答案解析：答案为C。此题为主旨马虎题。本文运用了总——-—分--——总的写作风格。注意文章第一段“Theamountoftimechildrenspendininstitutionalcaremayaffecthowtheirbrainsdevelop.意为“少儿碰到机构式照顾的时间长短或许会影响大脑发育”，和最后一段"Policiesthatspeedthetimeinwhichchildrencanbe学必求其心得，业必贵于专精removedfrominstitutionalizedcaresotheycandevelopwithinfamilycontextsshouldbeimplementedtodecreasethelikelihoodoflearningproblemslaterinchildren”’可知slives，少儿应。摆脱机构式照顾，而应在家庭环境下培养,从而降低他们今后有学习阻挡的可能性”，因此,文章主旨是在陈述一种新的发现。A，B，D都不是文章的主旨。2.Childrenhavetheirbraindevelopmentaffectedininstitutionalcarebecause。A.theysufferformpoorlivingconditionsB。theyspendtoomuchtimelearningC。theydon’thavefreedomstayingthereD。theyareneitherphysicallynormentallysatisfied答案解析：答案为D。此题为细节推断题。从文章第二段首句“Tolearnhowthelackofcareandmaterialneedsthatinstitutionalized

children

often

experience

affect

braindevelopment，

"可知，句中“care(照顾）”对应

D

选项的“mentally(精神地）”

,“materialneeds

（物质需求对）应”D选项的

“

physically

（身体地）”故，答案为

D。3．Comparedwithhome-raisedchildren，institutionalizedchildrendidn’tdoaswellintaskslike.A。thinkinginpicturesandself—controlB。workinginteamsandself—expressionC.puttingthingsinorderandself—defense学必求其心得，业必贵于专精D。adaptingtotheenvironmentandself—panning.答案解析：答案为A。此题为细节题.从文章的第三段“Childrenadoptedfrominstitutionalcareperformedworsethanthoseraisedinfamiliesontestsmeasuringvisualmemoryandattention，learningvisualinformation,andimpulsecontrol.可知，机构式照顾”下的少儿比家庭环境下培养的少儿在视觉记忆、注意力、视觉信息和激动控制上表现要差"，故答案A“思虑图片和自我控制”意思吻合文章的内容。4．Itcanbeconcludedformthepassagethat。A。theUnitedStatesisagoodplaceforchildren’alls—rounddevelopmentB.aperfectfamilyisbeneficialtochildren-rounddevelopment’sallC.childrenininstitutionalcarecanhardlyachieveanythinggreatD。nothinghasbeendonetohelpchildrenininstitutionalcare答案解析:答案为B。此题为主旨推断题.结合第一题，本文是在陈述一种见解，即：碰到机构式照顾的少儿大脑发育会碰到影响，他们应在家庭环境下培养.A选项未提及；C、D选项太绝对。故答案为B。阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最正确选项。2013黄浦区】（C)学必求其心得，业必贵于专精Throughoutthecenturies,variouswritershavecontributedgreatlytotheliterarytreasuretroveofbooksliningtheshelvesoftodayInadditiontowritinginterestingmaterial,manyfamouswriters，suchasEdgarAllanPoe，werelarger-than—lifecharacterswithpersonalhistoriesthatareasinterestingtoreadasthestoriestheywrote.PoerockylifeincludedbeingdrivenofffromtheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademyatWestPointin1831andanongoingbattlewithalcohol.Yet,despiteheavygamblingdebts,poorhealth,andterribleunemployment，Poemanagedtoproduceabodyofpopularworks，including“TheRaven”and“TheMurdersintheRueMorgue."HermanMelville,authorofMobyDick,oncelivedamongtheman—eatersintheMarquesasIslandsandwroteunusualtalesinspiredbyhisyearsofserviceinthe。US。Navy。Dublin—bornOscarWildewasnotedforhischarismaticpersonality,hisoutrageouslifestyle，andcreatingwittycatchphrasessuch，as“Nothingsucceedslikeexcess."D。H。Lawrencewroteshamefulnovelsthatwereoftencut，andAnneRiceledadoublelifewritingbestsellinghorriblenovelsunderherrealnameandusing“A.NRoquelaure。”forthelowbrowunhealthynovelsshepennedontheside.Nonconformist（不抱残守缺的)authorandnaturalistHenryDavidThoreauoncefledtothewoodsandgeneratedenoughinterestingmaterialtofillhisnotedbookWalden.Thoreauwroteontheissueofpassiveresistanceprotestinhisessay“CivilDisobedience"andse学必求其心得，业必贵于专精forrefusingtaxpaymentsinprotestoftheUnitedStatesgovernmentpolicytowardsslavery.Americanshortstorywriter。OHenry’scolorfullifewasruinedbytragicevents,suchasbeingaccusedandsentencedforstealingmoneyfromanAustin，Texasbank.Despitehissuccesssellinghisshortstories,O。Henrystruggledfinanciallyandwasnearlybankruptwhenhedied。Asdiverseasthesefamousauthors'backgroundswere，theyallledunconventionalliveswhilewritinggreatliteraryworksthatwillendurethroughouttheages.Thenexttimeyoureadaninterestingbook，considerlearningmoreabouttheauthorbyreadinghisorherbiographysoyoucanlearnabouttheuniquelifeexperiencesthatshapedhisorherwriting.72.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaboutEdgarAllanPoe?A.Hehadhisowninterestingpersonalhistoryasotherfamouswriters。B。HegraduatedfromUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademyatWestPointin1831。C。Heoncehadheavygamblingdebtsandfelldownwithillness.D.Hemanagedtoproducepopularworksnomatterhowrockyhislifewas.73。WhatcanyouinferfromPara.？2A.D.H.LawrenceandAnneRiceoncewrotesimilartypeofnovels.B.AnneRiceusedapennamebecausehernovelswerequitepopular。C.AnneRiceuseddifferentnameswhenshewrotebestsellingnovels。学必求其心得，业必贵于专精D。HenryDavidThoreauenrichedhisbooksbylivingintheforests。74.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A。HenryDavidThoreauwaspassionatelyopposedtohorribleevents。B。AnneRicealwaysusedapennametoconcealhertrueidentity.C.HermanMelvillestayedwithman-eatersduringhisnavalservice.D.OHenry’slifewascolorfulthoughhehadlotsofdifficulties。75.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat。A。manyfamouswriterslivednontraditionallivesB。mostfamouswriterswereusuallytroublemakersC。writershadtoleadinterestinglivestogeneratematerialsD.thebiographiesoffamouswritersarealwaysinspirational【参照答案】72—75BACADirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages。Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.【2013界虹口区质量监控测试题】（A)Anewstudyof8，000youngpeopleintheHealthandSocialBehaviorshowsthatlovecanmakeadultslivehealthilyand

Journalofalthoughhappily,itisabadthingforyoungpeople.Puppylove早(

恋)may学必求其心得，业必贵于专精bringstressforyoungpeopleandcanleadtodepression愁闷(症）。Thestudyshowsthatgirlsbecomemoredepressedthanboys，andyoungergirlsaretheworstofall.Thepossiblereasonfortheconnectionbetweenloveandhigherriskofdepressionforgirlsis“lossAccordingofselftothe”study。，eventhoughboyswouldsay“losethemselvesinaromanticrelationshi,this“lossofself”ismuchmorelikelytoleadtodepressionwhhappenstogirls.Younggirlswhohaveromanticrelationshipsusuallylikehidingtheirfeelingsandopinions。Theywon’ttellthattotheirparents.DrMarianKaufman，anexpertony