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2022年山东省威海市大学英语6级大学英语六级知识点汇总(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________
一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.
Oneinnovativeproposalproposedbysomeexpertsisproviding______for25,000qualifiedundergraduatestudents.
2.Whatistheadvantageoftheretirementsavings?
A.Governmentwithdrawsalighttaxontheretirementsavings.
B.Employeescangetmoneyastheretirementsavingsfromtheiremployers.
C.Anyonewiththeretirementsavingsisqualifiedfora401Kplan.
D.Morethan50%Americansenjoyfreemoneyintheretirementsavings.
3.
Baughman'ssuperstrong,superligh,transparentsheetcanbeinsertedinthewindshieldstohelp______.
4.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestion1--7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8--10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
Geniuses
In1905,AlbertEinsteindevelopedthetheoryofspecialrelativity.Healsoprovedthatatomsexistandfiguredoutthatlightbehavesasbothaparticleandawave.Totopitalloff,hedevelopedhisfamousequationE=mcc,whichdescribestherelationshipbetweenmatterandenergy,thesameyear.Hewasonly26yearsold.
Withoutadoubt,Einsteinwasagenius.SowasIsaacNewton-asanyfanof"StarTrek".TheNextGenerationcansayheinventedphysics.Healsoplayedabigroleinthedevelopmentofcalculus,whichsomepeoplehavetroublecomprehendingevenafterextensiveclassroomstudy.Anothergenius,WolfgangAmadeusMozart,startedcomposingmusicwhenhewas5yearsold.Mozartwrotehundredsofpiecesbeforehisdeathin1760atage35.
Accordingtoconventionalwisdom,geniusesaredifferentfromeveryoneelse.Theycanthinkfasterandbetterthanotherpeople,Inaddition,manypeoplethinkthatallthatextrabrainpowerleadstoeccentricorquirkybehavior.Andalthoughgeniusesarefairlyeasytospot,definingexactlywhatmakesonepersonageniusisalittletrickier.Figuringouthowthatpersonbecameageniusisharderstill.
Therearetwobigthingsthatmakeitdifficulttostudygenius:
Thegeniuslabelissubjective.Somepeopleinsistthatanyonewithanintelligencequotient(IQ)higherthanacertainvalueisagenius.OthersfeelthatIQtestsmeasureonlyalimitedpartofaperson'stotalintelligence.Somebelievehightestscoreshavelittletodowithrealgenius.
Geniusisabig-pictureconcept.Mostscientificandmedicalinquiries,ontheotherband,examinedetails.Aconceptassubjectiveasgeniusisn'teasytoquantify,analyzeorstudy.
So,whenexploringhowgeniuseswork,it'sagoodideatostartbydefiningpreciselywhatageniusis.Forthepurposeofthisarticle,ageniusisn'tsimplysomeonewithanexceptionallyhighIQ.Instead,ageniusisanextraordinarilyintelligentpersonwhobreaksnewgroundwithdiscoveries,inventionsorworksofart.Usually,agenius'workchangesthewaypeopleviewtheworldorthefieldinwhichtheworktookplace.Inotherwords,ageniusmustbebothintelligentandabletousethatintelligenceinaproductiveorimpressiveway.
GeniusandtheBrain
Thebrainregulatesthebody'sorgansystems.Whenapersonmovesaround,itsendsimpulsesalongthenervesandtellsthemuscleswhattodo.Thebraincontrolsthesensesofsmell,taste,touch,sightandhearing,andthepersonexperiencesandprocessesemotionsusinghisbrain,Ontopofallthat,thebrainallowspeopletothink,analyzeinformationandsolveproblems.Buthowdoesitmakesomeonesmart?
Scientistshaven'tfiguredoutexactlyhowallthegraymatterinthebrainworks,buttheydohaveanideaofwhichpartletspeoplethink.Thecerebralcortex(大脑皮层),whichistheoutermostpartofthebrain,iswherethoughtandreasoninghappen.Thesearethebrain'shigherfunction--thelowerfunctions,whichrelatetobasicsurvival,takeplacedeeperinthebrain.
Thecerebralcortexisthelargestpartofthebrain,andit'sfullofwrinklesandfoldsthatallowittofitintheskull.Ifanadulthuman'scerebralcortexisremovedandstretchedout,itwouldbeaboutaslargeasafewpagesofanewspaper.It'sdividedintos
A.AlbertEinstein.
B.StarTrek.
C.WolfgangMozart.
D.IsaacNewton.
5.
AccordingtoFreud,tosome______________certainwordsbecomemagical,symbolsofwholetrainsofthoughtcondensed.
6.
SomeoftheAndeanteachershadbeeneducateduptoonly______grade.
7.
Itcanbeeasiertochangeourdietalotthantochangeitalittle.
A.YB.NC.NG
8.
Accordingtosomeresearchers,______inthebodycangiveriseto.certainmentalchanges.
9.
ThegoaloftheHumanGenomeProjectisto______.
10.ScientistsWorryMachinesMayOutsmartMan
Arobotthatcanopendoorsandfindelectricaloutletstorechargeitself.Computervirusesthatnoonecanstop."Predator"fighters,which,thoughstillcontrolledremotelybyhumans,comeclosetoamachinethatcankillautonomously.
Impressedandalarmedbyadvancesinartificialintelligence,agroupofcomputerscientistsisdebatingwhetherthereshouldbelimitsonresearchthatmightleadtolossofhumancontrolovercomputer-basedsystemsthatcarryagrowingshareofsociety'sworkload,fromwagingwartochattingwithcustomersonthephone.
Theirconcernisthatfurtheradvancescouldcreateprofoundsocialdisruptionsandevenhavedangerousconsequences.
Asexamples,thescientistspointedtoanumberoftechnologiesasdiverseasexperimentalmedicalsystemsthatinteractwithpatientstosimulatesympathy,andcomputerwormsandvirusesthatdefyextermination(消灭)andcouldthusbesaidtohavereacheda"cockroach"stageofmachineintelligence.
WhilethecomputerscientistsagreedthatwearealongwayfromHal,thecomputerthattookoverthespaceshipin"2001:ASpaceOdyssey,"theysaidtherewaslegitimateconcernthattechnologicalprogresswouldtransform.theworkforcebydestroyingawideningrangeofjobs,aswellasforcehumanstolearntolivewithmachinesthatincreasinglycopyhumanbehaviors.
Theresearchers—leadingcomputerscientists,artificialintelligenceresearchersandroboticistswhometattheAsilomarConferenceGroundsonMontereyBayinCalifornia—generallydismissedthepossibilityofhighlycentralizedsuperintelligencesandtheideathatintelligencemightspringspontaneouslyfromtheInternet.Buttheyagreedthatrobotsthatcankillautonomouslyareeitheralreadyhereorwillbesoon.
Theyfocusedparticularattentiononthespecterthatcriminalscouldexploitartificialintelligencesystemsassoonastheyweredeveloped.Whatcouldacriminaldowithaspeechsynthesissystemthatcoulddisguiseasahumanbeing?Whathappensifartificialintelligencetechnologyisusedtominepersonalinformationfromsmartphones?
Theresearchersalsodiscussedpossiblethreatstohumanjobs,likeself-drivingcars,softwarebasedpersonalassistantsandservicerobotsinthehome.Justlastmonth,aservicerobotdevelopedbyWillowGarageinSiliconValleyproveditcouldnavigatetherealworld.
Areportfromtheconference,whichtookplaceinprivateonFeb.25,istobeissuedlaterthisyear.Someattendeesdiscussedthemeetingforthefirsttimewithotherscientiststhismonthandininterviews.
TheconferencewasorganizedbytheAssociationfortheAdvancementofArtificialIntelligence(A.A.A.I.),andinchoosingAsilomarforthediscussions,thegrouppurposefullyevokedalandmarkevent(里程碑式事件)inthehistoryofscience.In1975,theworld'sleadingbiologistsalsometatAsilomartodiscussthenewabilitytoreshapelifebyswappinggeneticmaterialamongorganisms.Concernedaboutpossiblebiohazardsandethicalquestions,scientistshadhaltedcertainexperiments.TheconferenceledtoguidelinesforrecombinantDNAresearch,enablingexperimentationtocontinue.
ThemeetingonthefutureofartificialintelligencewasorganizedbyEricHorvitz,aMicrosoftresearcherwhoisnowpresidentoftheassociation.
Dr.Horvitzsaidhebelievedcomputerscientistsmustrespondtothenotionsofsuperintelligentmachinesandartificialintelligencesystemsrunamok(横行).
Theideaofan"intelligenceexplosion"inwhichsmartmachineswoulddesignevenmoreintelligentmachineswasproposedbythemathematicianI.J.Goodin1965.Later,inlecturesandsciencefictionnovels,thecomputerscientistVernorVingepopularizedthenotionof
A.robotsforciviluse
B.militarycomputers
C.artificialintelligence
D.biochemicalweapons
11.
Theresearchersarenowtryingtofigureout______.
A.whetherobservedantibodiescanblocktheinfectionofHIV
B.whetherthecombinationofvaccinesstimulatesnewmolecules
C.whetherthecombinationofvaccinescanworkwell
D.whetherthecombinationofvaccinescouldbetestedinnormalpeople
12.Evenontheirwaytodestinations,travelerscaneasilysurfInternetby802.11cardsifthereare______.
13.
Exercisesingratitude,kindnessandoptimismcanmakepeoplehappier—butonlyiftheykeepdoingthemandtheseexercises______.
14.TheScienceofInterruptions
In2000,GloriaMarkwashiredasaprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia.Shewouldarriveatherdeskinthemorning,fullofenergyandreadytotackleherto-dolist.Nosoonerhadshestartedonetaskthanacolleaguewoulde-mailherwithanurgentrequest;whenshewenttoworkonthat,thephonewouldring.Attheendoftheday,Markhadaccomplishedafractionofwhatshesetouttodo.
Lotsofpeoplecomplainthatofficemultitaskingdrivesthemnuts.ButMarkstudieshowhigh-techdevicesaffectourbehavior,soshewasabletodomorethancomplain:Shesetouttomeasurehownutswe'veallbecome.Shewatchedcubicle(办公室隔间)dwellersastheysurfedthechaosofmodernofficelifeandfoundeachemployeespentonlyten-and-a-halfminutesonanygivenprojectbeforebeinginterrupted.Eachshortprojectwasitselffragmentedintothree-minutetasks,likeansweringe-mailmessagesorworkingonasheet.
Mark'sstudyalsorevealedthatinterruptionsareoftencrucialtoofficework.Thehigh-techworkersadmittedthatmanyoftheirdailydistractionswereessentialtotheirjobs.Whensomeoneforwardsyouanurgente-mailmessage,it'softensomethingyoureallydoneedtosee;ifamobilephonecallbreaksthrough,itmightbethecallthatsavesyourhide.
Forsomecomputerengineersandacademics,thisrealizationhasbeguntoraiseanattractivepossibility:Perhapswecanfindanidealmiddleground.Ifhigh-techworkdistractionsareinevitable,maybewecanre-engineerthemsowereceivealloftheirbenefitsbutfewoftheirdownsides.
TheBirthofMultitasking
Thescienceofinterruptionsbeganmorethan100yearsagowiththeemergenceoftelegraphoperators—thefirsthigh-stress,time-sensitiveinformation-technologyjobs.Psychologistsdiscoveredthatifsomeonespoketoatelegraphoperatorwhilehewaskeyingamessage,theoperatorwasmorelikelytomakeerrors.Later,psychologistsdeterminedthatwheneverworkersneededtofocusonajobthatrequiredthemonitoringofdata,presentationwasallimportant.Usingthisknowledge,cockpits(驶舱)forfighterpilotswerecarefullydesignedsothateachdialandmetercouldbereadwithjustaglance.
Still,suchissuesseemedremotefromthelivesofeverydayworkers.Then,inthe1990s,computersbegantoexperiencearapidincreaseinspeedandpower."Multitasking"wasborn;insteadofsimplyworkingononeprogramforhoursatatime,acomputeruserworksonseveralsimultaneously.Officeworkersnowstareatcomputerscreensofoverwhelmingcomplexity,astheyjuggle(操纵)messages,textdocuments,PowerPointpresentationsandwebbrowsers.Inthemodernofficeweareallfighterpilots.
EffectofMultitasking:Computer-affectedBehavior
Informationisnolongerascarceresource—attentionis.20yearsago,anofficeworkerhadtwotypesofcommunicationtechnology:aphone,whichrequiredaninstantanswer,andpostalmail,whichtookdays.Nowpeoplehavedozensofpossibilitiesbetweenthesetwopoles.
Theresultissomethinglike"continuouspartialattention",whichmakesussobusykeepinganeyeoneverythingthatweneverfullyfocusonanything.Thiscanactuallybeapositivefeeling,inasmuchastheconstantemaildingingmakesusfeelneededanddesired.Butwhathappenswhenyoutakethattotheextreme?Yougetoverwhelmed.Sanityliesindanger.
In1997,MicrosoftrecruitedMaryCzerwinski,whoonceworkedinNASA'sHuman-computerInteractionLab,toconductbasicresearchtofindouthowcomputersaffecthumanbehavior.Shetook39officeworkersandinstalledsoftwareontheircomputersthatwouldrecordeverymouseclick.Shediscoveredthatcomputeruserswereasrestlessashummingbirds.Onaverage,theyjuggledeightwindowsatthesametime.Moreastonishing
A.YB.NC.NG
15.AccordingtoRobertFeldman,theauthorofTheLiarinYourLife,Americansnow
A.regardthetruthasveryimportant
B.tendtoliemoreoftenthanbefore
C.startaconversationwiththreelies
D.hatetobedeceivedbytheirchildren
16.
SomepeoplethoughtthatNASAactedouttheApolloprograminmoviestudiospartiallybecausethepicturestransmittedfromthemoondonotinclude______.
17.
TheicetonguegrowingoutfromtheGreenlandcoastusedtorejectsaltbackintothewater,making______heavierandhelpingittosink.
18.
Allexpertsarewillingtoacceptthedefinitionsofsymptomtermsaboutdruguseandaddictionproblemsmentionedinthearticle.
A.YB.NC.NG
19.Comparedwithbeingliars,itis______todetectaliaraccordingtothestudy.
20.
Whatnegativeimpactdothemandatorynation-widetestsmostprobablyhaveonstudents'powerofwritingwell?
A.Theymakethestudentsunmotivated.
B.Theyprohibitstudents'creativityduetotheirrequirements.
C.Thestudentswillbeseverelypunishediftheyfailthetests.
D.Thestudentscarelittleaboutwriting.
二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.
【B5】
22.(21)
A.Thecompanywillcompensatethecustomer.
B.Thecompanywillrefundthecustomer'smoney.
C.Thecompanywillreplaceit.
D.Thecompanywilldonothingaboutit.
23.听力原文:I'mintheplayatschoolandIhaverehearsalsMondayTuesdayandFriday.ThentheplayopensonSaturdaynightandgoesallnextweekexceptMondayandTuesday.
M:Itsoundslikeyou'regoingtobeaverybusyyoungladyforthenextfortnight.
Q:InwhicheveningsisthewomanfreebetweenMondayandOpeningNight?
(13)
A.MondayandTuesday.
B.TuesdayandWednesday.
C.WednesdayandThursday.
D.ThursdayandFriday.
24.(32)
A.ToshowthattwinshaveidenticalIQs.
B.Toshowthattwins'IQsareindependentoftheeducationtheyreceive.
C.Toshowhowcriticalhumanbrainsareindeterminingone'sintelligence.
D.Toshowhowvitalenvironmentisinfosteringone'sintelligence.
25.(28)
A.Sheisselfishandcruel.
B.Sheiskindandpolite.
C.Sheisproudandhelpful.
D.Sheislonelyandunhappy.
26.
【B2】
27.听力原文:W:I'llwearthisbluejacket.Ilikethecoloronme,don'tyouthinkso?
M:Ithinkitlooksterrificonyon,really.
Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman'schoiceofclothing?
(19)
A.Hethinksherchoiceisgood.
B.Hethinksherchoiceisterrible.
C.Hedoesn'tlikethecolor.
D.Hedoesn'tlikethestyle.
28.听力原文:W:Whatastrangesuityouarewearing.Yourjacketdoesn'tmatchyourpants.
M:Iknow.Igotdressedinthedark,andIdidn'trealizemymistakeuntilI'vegottentomyoffice.
Q:Whydoestheman'ssuitseemunusual?
(19)
A.Thejacketandthepantsdon'tfittogether.
B.Thejacketistoodark.
C.Hegotdressedintheoffice.
D.Hemadeamistakeinhisoffice.
29.(22)
A.Itisclosetotheschool.
B.Itischeap.
C.Ithasconvenientfacilities.
D.Thetenantagreementisgood.
30.听力原文:Scientistssaythatmostdoctorsandpatientsalreadyknowwhatisrightforthemintermsofdietandexercise.Theproblemisthatwehavebecomeanationtoofocusedontreatingheartdiseaseandstrokeratherthanpreventingthem.Primary-caredoctorsareconstantlyinfirefightermode,rushingtothesceneofapatient'shealthdisaster,insteadofspendingthetimecounselingpatientsaboutthebestdietandpreventionprogram.
Forexample,notenoughdoctorsprescribeniacinfortheirheartpatients,eventhoughthemedicineisaproventreatmentforraising"good"cholesterol.Physiciansarereluctantbecauseniacinrequiresdiligentfollow-uptowatchforsideeffects,takingtimethatmostprimary-carepracticescannotafford.Ontheotherhand,toomanydoctorsareperformingheartoperationsthatrepresentafinancialwindfallforhospitals.Bottomline:Thereisn'tasmuchmoneytobemadeinpreventionasintreatment.
Weknownowbetterhowtousethetechnologyandhavearealshotatpreventingthenearlyonemillionheartattacksand700,000strokesthatoccureachyearintheU.S.Itistheuseofcomputedtomographyangiography.Thisisanoninvasiveheartscanthattakesabout10minutesandcantellyouifyouhaveanydevelopingplaqueinthevesselsthatsupplybloodtoyourheart.Thetrickistogetthetestdonebeforeyouexperienceanychestpainsorotherheartproblems.Cuttingdownonthatinflammationgreatlyreducesyourchanceofhavingaheartattackorstroke.
(30)
A.Moreandmorepeoplearesufferingfromheartdisease.
B.Moreandmoredoctorsarefocusingtoomuchondietandexercise.
C.Peopleareignorantofthepreventionofheartdiseaseandstroke.
D.Doctorsaremoremoney-pursuingthanbefore.
31.听力原文:W:I'dliketoenrollinthefreeseminaryouadvertisedinthenewspaper.Theoneonmanagingyourpersonalfinances.
M:OK.Nowtheaddidsaythatyouhavetohaveasavingsaccountatourbanktobeeligible.Doyouhaveonehere?
Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?
(19)
A.Ifthewomanhastakenotherclassesonpersonalfinances.
B.Whichseminarthewomanwantstosignupfor.
C.Ifthewomankeepsmoneyatthebank.
D.Wherethewomanlearnedabouttheseminar.
32.(36)
A.Onlyhumansrespondtoemotionsbysheddingtears.
B.Onlyhumansshedtearstogetridofirritatingstuffintheireyes.
C.Onlyhumantearscanresistinvadingbacteria.
D.Onlyhumantearscandischargecertainchemicals.
33.听力原文:W:Didyouturnoffthelightsandcheckthelocksonallthedoors?
M:Yes,ItoldtheJohnsonswe'vegonefortwoweeks.Theypromisetokeepaneyeonthehouseforus.
Q:Whatarethetwospeakersgoingtodo?
(16)
A.Stayawayforacoupleofweeks.
B.Checkthelockseverytwoweeks.
C.LookaftertheJohnsons'house.
D.Movetoanoterplace.
34.听力原文:W:HeyTaxi!
M:Whereto?
W:Well,I'mgoingtotheNationalMuseumofArt,and...
M:Sure.Hopin.Noproblem.
W:Uh.Excuseme.Howlongdoesittaketogetthere?
M:Well,thatalldependsonthetraffic,butitshouldn'ttakemorethantwentyminutesfortheaveragedriver.AndI'mnotaverage.Ihavedrivingdowntoanart,soweshouldbeabletogetthereinlessthantwelveminutes.
W:OK.Uh,sorryforasking,butdoyouhaveanyideahowmuchthefarewillbe?
M:Oh,itshouldn'tbemorethan18dollars...notincludinga...uh-hum...atipofcourse.
W:Oh,andbytheway,doyouknowwhattimethemuseumcloses?
M:Well,Iwouldguessaround6o'clock.
W:Uh,doyouhavethetime?
M:Yeah.It'shalfpastfour.Uh,thisisyourfirsttimetothecity,right?
W:Yeah.Howdidyouknow?
M:Well,youcantelltouristsfromamileawayinthiscitybecausetheywalkdownthestreetlookingstraightupattheskyscrapers.
W:Wasitthatobvious?
M:Well...
W:Oh,beforeIforget,canyourecommendanygoodrestaurantsdowntownthatoffermealsatareasonableprice?
M:Umm...Well,theMexicanrestaurant,LaFajita,isfantastic.It'snotasinexpensiveasotherplacesIknow,butthedecorisveryauthentic,andtheportionsarelargerthanmostplacesI'vebeento.
W:Soundsgreat!HowdoIgettherefromthemuseum?
M:Well,youcancatchthesubwayrightoutsidethemuseum.Therearebusesthatrunthatway,butyouwouldhavetotransferacoupleoftimes.Andtherearetaxistoo,buttheydon'trunbythemuseumthatoften.
W:OK.Thanks.
(23)
A.Morethan20minutes.
B.Morethan18minutes
C.Lessthan6minutes.
D.Lessthan12minutes.
35.(16)
A.He'sbeentoobusytocleanhisroom.
B.Cleaningisthelastthinghewantstodo.
C.Hehasn'tcleanedhisroomsinceLindavisitedhim.
D.Lindaistheonlypersonwhoevercomestoseehim.
36.听力原文:AnenvironmentalgroupcalledtheFoodCommissionisunhappyanddisappointedbecauseofthesaleofbottledwaterfromJapan.Thewaterisangrilyarguedinpublic,hastraveled10,000"foodmiles"beforeitreachesWesterncustomers."transportingwaterhalfwayacrosstheworldissurelytheextremelystupiduseoffuelwhenthereisplentyofwaterintheUK."ItisalsoworriedthatwearewastingourfuelbybuyingpramsfromIndonesia(7,000foodmiles)andcarrotsfromSouthAfrica(5,900foodmiles).
Countingthenumberofmilestraveleddonebyaproductisastrangewayoftryingtotellthetruesituationoftheenvironmentaldamagedonebyanindustry.Mostfoodistransportedaroundtheworldoncontainershipsthatareextremelyenergyefficient.Itshouldbenotedthatatonofbuttertransported25milesinatrackproducttransportedhundredsofmilesbysea.Besides,theideaof"miles"ignorestheamountoffuelusedintheproduction.ItispossibletocutdownyourfoodmilesbybuyingtomatoesgrowninBritainratherthanthosegrowninGhana;thedifferenceisthattheBritishonewillhavebeenraisedinheatedgreenhousesandtheGhanaianonesintheopensun.
Whattheideaof"foodmiles"doesprovide,however,isthechancetocutoutThirdWorldCountriesfromFirstWorldfoodmarkets.Thenumberofmilestraveledbyourfoodshould,asIseeit,beregardedasasignofthesuccessoftheglobaltradesystem,notasignofdamagetotheenvironment.
(33)
A.Becausesomeimportedgoodscauseenvironmentaldamage.
B.BecauseUKwastesalotofmoneyimportingfoodproducts.
C.Becausepeoplewasteenergybuyingfoodfromothercountries.
D.Becausegrowingcertainvegetablescauseenvironmentaldamage.
37.(44)
38.听力原文:W:IguessI'llsendMaryapostcardfromHawaiiwhenIgothereonmyvacation.
M:I'msurethatshe'dbegladtogetone.Shehasacollectionofcardsfromallovertheworld.
Q:WhatdowelearnaboutMary?
(16)
A.MaryisgoingtoHawaii.
B.Maryhastraveledallovertheworld.
C.Marylikespostcards.
D.Maryisgoingonvacation.
39.
【B4】
40.【B8】
三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.Whotackledtextmessagesonearthquake-hitHaitithatpouredinto4636?
42.
TheNationalAcademyofSciencesholdsthestancethat______.
A.DNAtestingshouldbesystematized
B.onlyauthorizedlaboratoriescanconductDNAtesting
C.theacademyonlyisauthorizedtoworkoutstandardsfortesting
D.theacademyhastherighttoaccreditlaboratoriesforDNAtesting
43.
Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbyreferringtothelessonofpersonalcomputers?
A.GMfoodwillultimatelyenterintothedietofcommons.
B.GMfoodissimilartopersonalcomputersinsomeaspects.
C.Likepersonalcomputers,GMfoodwillbecomeindispensabletopeople.
D.GMfoodisoneoftheachievementsofhightechnology.
44.
Whichwordisclosestinmeaningtotheword"reinvent'(lastsentence,Paragraphtwo)?
A.recreate.B.reinforce.C.reproduce.D.reexamine.
45.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.
Scientistshaveknownfordecadesthatcoffeebeanscontainoil.Mohapatraandcolleagues,however,werethefirsttoanalyzecoffeegrounds.
Usedgroundsusuallyendupinlandfills,thoughgardenerssometimesusethemasakindoffertilizer.ThescientistscollectedusedgroundsfromStarbucks,whichgivesbagsofgroundsawayaspartofthecompany's"Groundsforyourgarden"program.
Topreparethegroundsforanalysis,theteamfirstdriedtheminanoven.Theymixedtheresultingpowderwithacombinationofsolvents(溶剂)thatcausedtheoiltoseparatefromthesolution.Theyextractedtheoil,savingthesolventsforthenextroundofprocessing.Theremainscouldstillbeusedascompost,ethanolfeedstock,andfuelpellets.
"We'renotwastinganything,"MohapatratoldDiscoveryNews."It'sarecyclingprocess."
Thestudyshowedthatusedgroundscontainabout15percentoilbyweight,dependingonthetypeofcoffee.That'snottoofarofftheproportionsinsoybean,rapeseed,andpalmoils,whicharealsousedassourcesforbio-diesel.Andcoffeeoilismorestablethantheseothersourcesbecauseofitshighantioxidantcontent,foundthestudy,whichappearedinDecemberintheAmericanChemicalSociety'sJournalofAgriculturalandFoodChemistry.
Aroundtheworld,growersproducemorethan16billionpoundsofcoffeeeachyear,accordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture.Thescientistsestimatethatspentgroundscouldadd340milliongallonsofbio-dieseltotheglobalfuelsupply.
Mohapatrapicturesastreamlinedcoffeerecyclingsystem,inwhichthesametrucksthatdeliverbeanstoStarbuckscouldpickupthebrewedwasteandheadtoabio-dieselplant.Theplantwouldbecloseby,tosaveontransportationcostsandemissions.
Coffeegroundsappeartoproducehigh-qualityoil,grantedRobertMcCormick,anengineeratTheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratoryinGolden,Colorado.But,hesaid,coffeeprobablywon'tbeapracticalsolutiontotheworld'senergyneeds.
Foronething,thecountry'smainsourcesofbio-diesel-cookingoilandanimalfat-are100percentoil,comparedtocoffee's15percent.Andevenwhenacafebrewsalargeamountofcoffee,relativelyfewgroundsareleftbehind.Ittakes50gallonsofspentgroundstoproducejust1gallonofoil,Mohapatrasaid.
Still,McCormickcommendstheresearchersforthinkingoutsidetheboxabouttheworld'senergyissues.
"Anythingthattakesawasteproductandmakesafueloutofitisreallyapositive,"hesaid."Thisisprettycool."
Withthe"Groundsforyourgarden"program,Starbucksencourages
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