听力教程4unit1听力原文-主编：施心远

Unit1SectionOneTacticsforListeningListeningandTranslationAcollegeeducationcanbeverycostlyintheUnitedStates.在美国，大学教育的费用会很贵。Risingcostshaveledmoreandmorefamiliestoborrowmoneytohelppayforcollege.费用的上涨使越来越多的美国家庭通过借钱来支付上大学的费用。Therearedifferentfederalloansandprivateloansforstudents.有各种各样的联邦贷款和私人贷款可供学生挑选。4.InterestratesonsomeoftheseloanswillgouponJuly1st.在这些贷款品种中，有些品种的利率将从7月1日起上调。5. Therearegrowingconcernsthatmanystudentsgraduatewithtoomuchdebt.人们越来越担心，很多学生将背着沉重的债务从大学毕业。SectiontwoListeningComprehensionPart1Dialogue-SocialGroupingInterviewer:Right.You'retalkingaboutsocialgroupingshere.Couldyoutellussomethingaboutthewaysanimalsformintogroups?NikeDown:Yes.Er,many,manyanimalsareverysolitary*animals.Theonlytimestheygettogetheriswhentheymate,orwhenthey'rebringinguptheiryoung.Themajorityofanimalsaresolitary,butaverysignificantgroupofmammalsandinsects,likeantsandtermites*,beesandwasps,areverysocialandtheygrouptogetherbecauseinagroupit'smuchsafer.Youcandefendyourselfmoreeasilyifyou'reinagroup,youcanfindmalesmoreeasilyifyou'reinagroup,andyoucanchangetheworldaroundyoubyworkingwiththeothersifyouliveinagroup.Solitaryanimalshaveamuchmoredifficulttimeinmanyways.Interviewer:Youmentionedlionsandothercarnivores*earlieron.Dotheygroupverymuch?gorillas.Theyspendalotoftimeinthetrees,whereasgorillasaredownontheground.Andchimpanzeesaremuchmorecloselyrelatedtousthantheyaretogorillas.They'reourclosestlivingrelatives.Nowchimps*liveinmultimalegroups;inotherwords,you'llget,oh,anythinguptosix,seven,eightmales,thenyou'llgettwoorthreetimesthatnumberoffemales—adozen,twodozenfemales—plusalltheyoungsters,sowe'retalkingaboutgroupsthatcanbeasbigas40or50oreven60.Nowachimpanzeegroup—multimalegroup—isaveryflexibletypeofgroup.Itconstantlysplitsintosmallergroups.Offtheygoforafewdays,backtheycome,reform,breakupagain.Andwithinthatgroupthemalestendtohangaroundtheoutside,protectingthegroup,fightingoffrivalmalesthatmightwanttocomeinandmatewiththefemales,buttheytendtocomeandgotosomeextent.Theongoingcoreofthechimpanzeegroupconsistsoffemaleswiththeiryoungandsometimessisterswillactuallyworktogethertobringuptheiryoungcollectively.Yes,soapesarevery,verysocialanimalsindeed.ExerciseDirections:Listentothedialogueandchoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.l.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.B8.APart2PassageCommunityCollegesGreatchallengesfacedtheUnitedStatesintheearly20thcentury,includingglobaleconomiccompetition.Nationalandlocalleadersrealizedthatamoreskilledworkforcewaskeytothecountry'scontinuedeconomicstrength,aneedthatcalledforadramaticincreaseincollegeattendance.Yetthree-quartersofhighschoolgraduateswerechoosingnottofurthertheireducation,inpartbecausetheywerereluctanttoleavehomeforadistantcollege.Duringthesameperiod,thecountry'srapidlygrowingpublichighschoolswereseekingnewwaystoservetheircommunities.Itwascommonforthemtoaddateacherinstitute,manuallearning(vocationaleducation)divisionorcitizenshipschooltothediplomaprogram.Thehighschool-basedcommunitycollege*wasthemostsuccessfultypeofaddition.Meanwhile,small,privatecollegeshadfashionedaneffectivemodelofhighereducationgroundedontheprinciplesofsmallclasses,closestudent-facultyrelationsandaprogramthatincludedbothacademicsandextracurricularactivities.Fromthecombinationofthesetraditionsemergedtheearliestcommunitycolleges,roughlybalancedinnumberbetweenprivateandpubliccontrolbutunitedintheircommitmenttomeetlocalneeds.Thetypicalearlycommunitycollegewassmall,rarelyenrollingmorethan150students.Itneverthelessofferedaprogramofsolidacademicsaswellasavarietyofstudentactivities.Adistinctivefeatureoftheinstitutionswastheiraccessibilitytowomen,attributabletotheleadingrolethecollegesplayedinpreparinggrammarschoolteachers.InsuchstatesasMissouri,whichdidnotyetrequireK-8*teacherstohaveabachelor'sdegree,itwascommonformorethan60percentofcommunitycollegestudentstobewomen,virtuallyallofthempreparingtobeteachers.Communitycollegesarecentersofeducationalopportunity.Morethan100yearsago,thisunique,Americaninventionputpubliclyfundedhighereducationatclose-to-homefacilitiesandinitiated*apracticeofwelcomingallwhodesiretolearn,regardlessofwealth,heritageorpreviousacademicexperience.Today,thecommunitycollegecontinuestheprocessofmakinghighereducationavailabletoamaximumnumberofpeopleat1,166publicandindependentcommunitycolleges.Thebreadthofprogrammingandthevarietyofstudents'goalsmakeitdifficulttoaccuratelyquantify*communitycollegeperformance.Unlikefour-yearcolleges,whereattainmentofabachelor'sdegreeistheimplicit*goalofstudents,communitycollegestudentsdonotshareacommongoalbeyondself-improvement.Researchshowsthateducationpays.Studentswhocompleteassociatedegrees*andcertificatesaremorelikelytomoveintohigher-statusmanagementandprofessionalpositionswithhigherearnings.Aninvestmentofafewthousanddollarsnowwilllikelypaylifelongdividends*,asstudentswhoearnassociatedegreesaveragelifetimeearningsof$250,000morethanpeoplewithoutdegrees.Butsuccessatcommunitycollegesmustbebroadlydefinedtoincludenotjustthosewhoattainassociatedegreesandthosewhoearncertificates,butalsothemillionswhotakenoncreditandworkforcetrainingclasses.ExerciseAPre-listeningQuestionIntheUnitedStatestheterms"college"and"university"candescribeavarietyofinstitutions.Acollegemayformonemajordivisionofauniversity,offeringprogramsinaspecificacademicfieldthatleadtoundergraduateorgraduatedegrees,orboth.Collegesmayalsobeindependentofauniversity,offeringfour-yearprogramsofgeneraleducationthatleadtoabachelor'sdegreeintheliberalartsandsciences.Universitiesgenerallycomprisevariouscollegesandprofessionalschoolsthatmakeuptheacademicdivisionsoftheinstitution.Universitiesprovidehighereducationleadingtoabachelor’sdegreeaswellasprofessionalandgraduateprogramsleadingtomaster'sanddoctoraldegrees.Communitycollegesoffertwo-yearprogramsofgeneraleducationorvocationaleducation.ExerciseBSentenceDictationDirections:Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.GreatchallengesfacedtheUnitesStatesintheearly20thcentury,includingglobaleconomiccompetition.2.Duringthesameperiod,thecountry'srapidlygrowingpublichighschoolswereseekingnewwaystoservetheircommunities.3.Itofferedaprogramofsolidacademicsaswellasavarietyofstudentactivities.4.Adistinctivefeatureoftheinstitutionswastheiraccessibilitytowomen,attributabletotheleadingrolethecollegesplayedinpreparinggrammarschoolteachers.5.Thebreadthofprogrammingandthevarietyofstudents'goalsmakeitdifficulttoaccuratelyquantifycommunitycollegeperformance.ExerciseCDetailedListeningDirections:Listentothepassageanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).Discusswithyourclassmateswhyyouthinkthestatementistrueorfalse.F1.TheleadersoftheUSrealizedthataskilledworkforcewasneededinthecountry'skeyeconomicsectors.(Nationalandlocalleadersrealizedthatamoreskilledworkforcewaskeytothecountry'scontinuedeconomicstrength.)F2.Three-quartersofhighschoolgraduatescouldnotfurthertheireducationbecausetherewerenotenoughhighereducationfacilitiesavailableintheearly20thcentury.(Yetthree-quartersofhighschoolgraduateswerechoosingnottofurthertheireducation,inpartbecausetheywerereluctanttoleavehomeforadistantcollege.)T3.Itwascommonforpublichighschoolstoaddateacherinstitute,manuallearningdivisionorcitizenshipschooltothediplomaprogramintheearly20thcentury.(Duringthesameperiod...publichighschoolswereseekingnewwaystoservetheircommunities.Itwascommonforthemtoaddateacherinstitute,manuallearningdivisionorcitizenshipschooltothediplomaprogram.)T4.Duringthesametime,small,privatecollegeshadformedaneffectivemodelofhighereducationbasedontheprinciplesofsmallclassesandclosestudent-facultyrelations.(Meanwhile,small,privatecollegeshadfashionedaneffectivemodelofhighereducationgroundedontheprinciplesofsmallclasses,closestudent-facultyrelations...)F5.Thetypicalearlycommunitycollegerarelyenrolledover115students.(Thetypicalearlycommunitycollegewassmall,rarelyenrollingmorethan150students.)T6.Communitycollegesweregoodplacesforwomentogeteducationneededtobeprimaryschoolteachers.(InsuchstatesasMissouri,whichdidnotyetrequireK-8teacherstohaveabachelor'sdegree,itwascommonformorethan60percentofcommunitycollegestudentstobewomen,virtuallyallofthempreparingtobeteachers.)T7.Communitycolleges,whichappearedacenturyago,makeitpossibleforanyonewhowantstolearntogetpubliclyfundedhighereducationclosetotheirhomes.(Morethan100yearsago,thisunique,Americaninventionputpubliclyfundedhighereducationatclose-to-homefacilitiesandinitiatedapracticeofwelcomingallwhodesiretolearn,regardlessofwealth,heritageorpreviousacademicexperience.)F8.Thesuccessofcommunitycollegescanbedefinedasgrantingstudentsassociatedegreesorcertificatestheyneedtofindajob.(Butsuccessatcommunitycollegesmustbebroadlydefinedtoincludenotjustthosewhoattainassociatedegreesandthosewhoearncertificates,butalsothemillionswhotakenoncreditandworkforcetrainingclasses.)ExerciseDAfter-listeningDiscussionDirections:Listentothepassageagainanddiscussthefollowingquestions.Researchshowsthateducationpays.Studentswhocompleteassociatedegreesandcertificatesaremorelikelytomoveintohigher-statusmanagementandprofessionalpositionswithhigherearnings.Aninvestmentofafewthousanddollarsnowwilllikelypaylifelongdividends,asstudentswhoearnassociatedegreesaveragelifetimeearningsof$250,000morethanpeoplewithoutdegrees.(open)SectionThreeNewsNewsItem1China'swastednotimeinsettingoutthelatestplansforitsambitiousspaceprogram.Aseniorofficialsaidthenextmannedmissionwillbein2007,whentheastronautswillattemptaspacewalk.Afterthat,scientistswillfocusondevelopingthecapabilitytorendezvous*anddock*withotherspacecraft.HeaddedthatChinaalsowantedtorecruitfemaleastronautsinthenearfuture.Theannouncementcomesjusthoursafterthecountry'ssecondmannedspacemissiontoucheddownintheremotegrasslandsofInnerMongolia.Thereturningastronautshavebeengivenahero'swelcome,ridinginanopencarinanationallytelevisedparade.Thousandsofsoldiersandgroupsofschoolchildrenlinedtheroute,wavingChineseflags.It'sasignofthegreatimportanceChinaattachestoitsspaceprogram,viewingitasasourceofnationalprideandinternationalprestige.ExerciseADirections:Listentothenewsandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisaboutChina'sambitiousspaceprogram.ExerciseBDirections:Listentothenewsagainandcompletethefollowingoutline.China'ssecondmannedspacemissionlandingspot:IntheremotegrasslandsofInnerMongoliasignificance:Asourceofnationalprideandinternationalprestige-Futureplan1. Thenextmannedmission1)Time:20072)Goal:Theastronautswillattemptaspacewalk.2.Focusoffurtherdevelopment:Thecapabilitytorendezvousanddockwithotherspacecraft3.Recruitmentofastronauts:TorecruitfemaleastronautsinthenearfutureNewsitem2China’seconomyhasrecoveredearlierandmorestronglythananyother.Thislatestdataisfurtherevidenceofthattrend.Theriseinindustrialoutputconfirmswhatfactoryownershavebeensayingforsometimenow,thatcustomershavebeenrestockingtheirinventoriesandconfidenceisreturning.Therearestillquestionmarksthoughoverthestabilityoftherecovery.Thepropertysectorisshowingsignsofoverheating.Thegovernmentthisweekannouncedmeasurestotrytocoolit.AtthesametimeofficialsdecidedtoextendtaxsubsidiesforpurchasesofsmallvehiclesandappliancessuggestingthatsomeherestillbelieveChinesemanufacturersneedgovernmentsupport.Growthwasstrongestinheavyindustriessuchascoal,steel,powergenerationandautomobiles.ConsumerpricesroseinNovemberforthefirsttimesinceFebruary.Buttherisewassmallandprobablyreflectedhigherfoodpricescausedbyearlysnowstormswhichdestroyedcropsanddisruptedtransport.A:Directions:Listentothenewsandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisaboutthegrowthofChina’seconomy.B:Directions:Listentothenewsagainandfillintheblankswiththemissinginformation.Therearestillquestionmarksthoughoverthestabilityoftherecovery.Thepropertysectorisshowingsignsofoverheating.Thegovernmentthisweekannouncedmeasurestotrytocoolit.AtthesametimeofficialsdecidedtoextendtaxsubsidiesforpurchasesofsmallvehiclesandappliancessuggestingthatsomeherestillbelieveChinesemanufacturersneedgovernmentsupport.Growthwasstrongestinheavyindustriessuchascoal,steel,powergenerationandautomobiles.ConsumerpricesroseinNovemberforthefirsttimesinceFebruary.Buttherisewassmallandprobablyreflectedhigherfoodprices