专题02阅读理解主旨题推断题-江苏省高考英语考前30天提分练

专题02阅读理解主旨题&推断题英语高考卷中阅读理解占总分的大约1/4，所占比重居各题型之首，是“重中之重”，此部分的得分直接决定了整个试卷的分数层次，可谓“得阅读者得天下”。

从选材来看，阅读理解选材广，包含社会生活的各方面；从题型来看，阅读理解主要考察细节题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题。一、主旨大意题解题技法:正确选项特征干扰选项特征1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。2.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。3.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。1.过于笼统，不知所云所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。2.以偏概全，主次不分所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。3.移花接木，偷换概念所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。4.无中生有，生搬硬套所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。例题1：GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant，”sheexplains.“Ipay￡5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight­partseries(系列节目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.27．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB．BalancingOurDailyDietC．MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD．CookingWellforLess【答案】D【解析】标题归纳题。本文介绍了由Susanna主持的一档新的节目GoodMorningBritain，节目中她向观众展示如何在预算紧张的情况下准备美味的营养餐，该节目可以让观众花最少的钱却仍可以品尝美食。对这一内容进行浓缩提炼和概括，CookingWellforLess作为最佳标题贴切到位，故选D。例题2：Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter­gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation­stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion­mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.31．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。全文的角度去分析，本文是一篇科教类阅读，文章讲述的是语言的演变与发展。语言已经有千百年的历史，不断地产生，发展和消失。但最近语言的发展出现了新趋势，新出现的语言越来越少，而消失地越来越多。同时伴随着社会和工业化的发展，语言消失地越来越快。故选C。例题3:TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23­gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.…28．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B．Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C．Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D．ThedesignersoftheTransition.【答案】A【解析】段落大意题。根据“TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115inthefliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandbums5gallonsperhourintheair.”可知，第一段讲述的是过渡时期的一些基本数据。故选A。Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?FlyingCaratAutoShowB.TheTransition'sFistFlightC.Pilots'DreamComingTrueD.FlyingCarClosertoReality【答案】D【解析】标题归纳题。根据文章描述可知，飞行汽车已经不仅仅是一种想象了，而是现实中客观存在的，目前正在进行一系列的测试，所以说飞车离现实更近了。故选D。例题4：Mostpositiveemotionsareassociatedwithapproachbehaviour:wemoveclosertopeoplewelike.Mostnegativeemotions,incontrast,areassociatedwithavoidancebehaviour:wemoveawayfrompeopleandthingsthatwedislikeorthatmakeusanxious.Butangerisanexceptiontothispattern.Theangrierweare,themorelikelywearetomovetowardstheobjectofouranger.Thiscorrespondstowhatpsychologistsrefertoasoffensiveanger:theangrypersonmovescloserinordertoinfluenceandcontrolthepersonorsituationcausinghisanger.Thisapproach-and-confrontbehaviorisaccompaniedbyaleftwardprefrontalasymmetry(不对称)ofEEGactivity.Interestingly,thisasymmetrylessensiftheangrypersoncanexperienceempathy(同感)towardstheindividualwhoisbringingforththeangryresponse.Indefensiveanger,incontrast,theEEGasymmetryisdirectedtotherightandtheangrypersonfeelshelplessinthefaceoftheanger-inspiringsituation.()64.Whatisthekeymessageofthelastparagraph?A.Howangerdiffersfromotheremotions.B.Howangerrelatestootheremotions.C.Behavioralresponsestoanger.D.Behavioralpatternsofanger.【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。根据该段的前两句话中的approachbehavior和avoidancebehavior可知最后一段就是描述了人们在愤怒时的不同表现形式,所以答案为D项。二、推理判断题

解题策略；1.推断隐含意义做这类推理题时，要注意以下几点：首先，一定要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知；其次，要全面分析已知信息，进行深层处理，不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全；最后，答案一般要依靠合理推理得出，而不能只选择文章中直接表述的信息为答案。即：（1）全面分析（2）忠实原文（3）不要选择表层信息2.推断态度和观点作者的态度、观点、意图往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中，考生应学会揣测和体会。在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。说明文中作者态度有：（1）objective客观的（2）neutrala中立的以论文中作者的态度有：（1）positive积极的（2）negative消极的（3）neutral中立的（4）approval赞成的（5）disapproval不赞成的（6）indifferent漠不关心的（7）ironic讽刺的（8）critical批评的（9）optimistic乐观的（10）pessimistic悲观的3.推断写作目的推测作者的写作目的，必须要先了解文章的主题，然后分析作者的论述方法、论述的重点和材料的安排。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者（toentertain）；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务（topersuade）；议论文的目的是要阐述论点（toargue）；科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识，帮助大家广闻博见（toinform）4.推断文章出处4.推断人物性格做这类题时一定要注意准确把握字里行间的意思，特别是要注意表达情感色彩、主观态度和个人观点的词语对推断人物性格的主导作用。5.推算数据解答此类题，关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息，然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上，运用自己的数学知识，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。例题1：InGreece,inAthens(雅典),alittlecityinalittlecountry,therewerenohelplessmasses.AndAthenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed,andtheunwritten,whichmustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthemanyqualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedesert.TheAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasfreeifhecoulddowhathewanted.Amanwasfreeifhewasself-controlled.Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasfreedom.Theyweresavedfromlookingattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair.EachonefeltresponsibleforthewelfareofAthens,notbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside,butbecausethecitywashisprideandhissafety.Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyforallmenwhocouldcontrolthemselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityforthestate.()2.Peoplebelievinginfreedomarethosewho______.A.regardtheirlifeastheirownbusinessB.seekgainsastheirprimaryobjectC.behavewithinthelawsandvaluesystemsD.treatotherswithkindnessandpity【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段可知,古希腊人的自由在于自觉遵守已经通过的书面法律和非书面法律,他们靠“self-controlled”来获取自由,由此可推出信仰自由的人应该是那些遵守法律和价值体系的人,故选C项。例题2：Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers.Itcannotbediscoveredonceforall.Ifpeopledonotprizeit,andworkforit,itwillgo.Constantwatchisitsprice.Athenschanged.Itwasachangethattookplacewithoutbeingnoticedthoughitwasoftheextremeimportance,aspiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate.IthadbeentheAthenian’sprideandjoytogivetotheircity.Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirminds.Therehadtobeacompletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwhopaidhercitizensfordoingherwork.Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate,thestatewastogivetothem.Whatthepeoplewantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthem;andwiththisastheprimaryobject,ideasoffreedomandself-relianceandresponsibilitywereneglectedtothepointofdisappearing.Athenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperativebusinesspossessedofgreatwealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttoshare.()3.WhatchangeinattitudetookplaceinAthens?TheAtheniansrefusedtotaketheirresponsibility.B.TheAtheniansnolongertookprideinthecity.C.TheAtheniansbenefitedspirituallyfromthegovernment.D.TheAthenianslookedonthegovernmentasabusiness.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句“...responsibilitywereneglectedtothepointofdisappearing.”可知A项正确。例题3：LetmetellyouaboutyourChinesegrandmother.SomewhereinHongKong,inthelatefifties,ayoungwaitressfoundherselfpregnant(怀孕)byacook,probablyaco-workeratherrestaurant.Shecarriedthebabytoterm,sufferedtogiveitbirth,andkeptthelittlegirlforthefirstthreemonthsofherlife.Iliketothinkthatmymother—yourgrandmother—lovedmeandfoughttoraisemeonherown,butthatthedailystrugglewastoohard.Worndownbythedemandsofthenewbabyandperhapstheconstantthreatofstarvation,shemadethepainfuldecisiontogiveawayhergirlsothatbothofusmighthaveachanceforabetterlife.()66.HowdoesMommyfeelaboutherbeinggivenaway?A.Itisbitteranddisappointing.B.Itispainfulbutunderstandable.C.Shefeelssorrybutsympathetic.D.Shefeelshurtandangry.【答案】B【解析】

推理判断题。从文章第二段中的Worndownbythedemandsofthenewbabyandperhapstheconstantthreatofstarvation,shemadethepainfuldecisiontogiveawayhergirlsothatbothofusmighthaveachanceforabetterlife.可以看出,Mommy认为这是一个painfulbutunderstandable的决定。例题4：BeforeIwastwo,IwasadoptedbyanAnglocouple.Fedthreesquaremealsaday,Igrewlikeawildweedandgraspedalltheopportunitiestheyhadtooffer—books,music,education,churchlifeandcommunityactivities.Inafamilyofblue-eyedblonds,though,Istoodoutlikeasorethumb.Whetherfromjealousyorfearofsomeonewholookedsodifferent,myolderbrotherssometimesteasedmeaboutmyunpleasingskin,ormadefunofmyclumsywalk.Moodyandimpatient,burdenedbyfearsthatnoneofusrealizedresultedfrommyearlyyearsofneed,Iwasnotaneasychildtolove.MymotherandIconflictedcountlesstimesovertheyears,butgraduallycametoseeoneanotherasrealhumanbeingswithfaultsandtalents,andaswomenofstrengthinourownright.Lackingamirrorimageinthemotherwhoraisedme,Ihadtoseekmyidentityasawomanonmyown.TheAsianAmericancommunityhashelpedmeregainmydoubleidentity.()68.WhatcanbeinferredfromMommy’sAnglofamilylife?A.Sheusedtoexperienceanidentitycrisis.B.ShefoughtagainstherAmericanidentity.C.Sheforgotthepainsofherearlyyears.D.ShekeptherloveforAsiafromchildhood.【答案】A【解析】

推理判断题。从文章的第五段的描述中可以看出,作者经历了身份危机,因此选A。B项的错误在于她不是为反对她的美国身份而斗争。C项错误是因为她并没有忘记早期的痛苦。D项是无关信息。例题5：Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly—and,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator(捕食动物)suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous,theywereprey(猎物)aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.()64.Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs.A.failedtoevolveananti-decompressionmeansB.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsC.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodilesD.evolvedananti-decompressionmeansbutsoonlostit【答案】A【解析】第五段第一句表明:如果鱼龙的确曾进化得到了一种抗减压病的机能,那么这种进化一定会发展很快。但是,最为奇特的是,他们后来却失去了这一机能。因此布鲁斯·罗斯采尔德可能得出结论:鱼龙进化没有得到一种抗减压病机能。故选A。例题6：AsInglisand,laterotherbusinessmen,gottowork,repurposedphoneboxesbeganreappearingincitiesandvillagesaspeoplefoundnewusesforthem.Today,theyareonceagainafamiliarsight,playingrolesthatareoftenjustasimportantforthecommunityastheiroriginalpurpose.Inruralareas,whereambulancescantakearelativelylongtimetoarrive,thephoneboxeshavetakenonalifesavingrole.Localorganizationscanadoptthemforlpound,andinstalldefibrillatorstohelpinemergencies.60.Thephoneboxesarebecomingpopularmainlybecauseof______.A.theirnewappearanceandlowerprices B.thepushofthelocalorganizationsC.theirchangedrolesandfunctions D.thebigfundingofthebusinessmen【答案】C【解析】定位到第五段，“repurposedphoneboxesbeganreappearingincitiesandvillagesaspeoplefoundnewusesforthem”以及尾句“playingrolesthatareoftenjustasimportantforthecommunityastheiroriginalpurpose”这一句点明了电话亭重新出现在城市中是因为人们发现了它的新的用途，现在的角色是与原来的目的不一样的；接着第六、七两段举例电话亭在农村地区，充当着救生的角色；另外，商人们也发现了电话亭的商机，将它作为一个迷你工作室。这些都表明了电话亭的重新出现的原因在于它改变了原本的功能。故选C。B,D都是例子中的单个作用，比较片面。A项不符合原文。例题7：Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,theresearchersfound.Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白质)thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰岛素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.64.Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?A.Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.B.Toomuchworkoutoftenslowsmetabolicrates.C.Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.D.Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.【答案】D【解析】根据文章的开头、结尾两段总结可知，不吃早饭运动比吃早饭运功，更加有益于身体健康，选D。例题8：We'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.…32．Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A．Addictiontosmartphones.B．Inappropriatebehaviorsinpublicplaces.C．Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D．Impatiencewithslowservice.【答案】D【解析】该段提到在公共场合中，周围都是人的情况下，人们只是专注地盯着自己的手机，或者苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默中，从中可以推断出文章首段描述了陌生人之间缺少交流的现象。故选择C项。例题9：Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies,newmonkey,newspider…,andonandontheyappear.Mydrawerquicklyfilled.Ibeganaseconddrawerformoregeneraldiscoveries:newcavesystemdiscoveredwithdozensofnamelessspecies,fourhundredspeciesofbacteriafoundinthehumanstomach.TheseconddrawerbegantofillandasitdidIwonderedwhethertherewerebiggerdiscoveriesoutthere,notjustspecies,butlifethatdependsonthingsthoughttobeuseless,lifeevenwithoutDNA.Istartedathirddrawerforthesebigdiscoveries.Itfillsmoreslowly,butallthesame,itfills.68.Whatwastheauthor’sinitialpurposeofcollectingnewspaperarticles?A.Tosortoutwhatwehaveknown.B.TodeepenhisresearchintoAmazonians.C.Toimprovehisreputationasabiologist.D.Tolearnmoreaboutlocalcultures.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。A选项sortout是整理分类的意思。Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies,newmonkey,newspider...,andonandontheyappear。通过这句可以推断出是作者对新发现的整理。Collect和sortout有相近的意思。故选A。例题10：[1]ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.[2]Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.[3]Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.[4]Ifyouhavea_juicer,_youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft­serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.27．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook. B．Ahealthmagazine.C．Aresearchpaper. D．Atravelbrochure.【答案】B【解析】本文是向大众介绍饮食方法，跟健康有关，应该出自健康杂志。所以B项正确。例题11：Ifyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,you'dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.Butinagriculture,smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.Byconnectingdirectlywithcustomers,andbyrespondingquicklytochangesinthemarketsaswellasintheecosystems(生态系统）,smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.Astheco-founderoftheNationalYoungFarmersCoalition(NYFC,美国青年农会）andafamilyfarmermyself.Ihaveafront-rowseattotheinnovationsamongsmallfarmersthataretransformingtheindustry.61.Theauthormentionscarindustryatthebeginningofthepassagetointroduce. A.theprogressmadeincarindustry B.aspecialfeatureofagriculture C.atrendofdevelopmentinagriculture D.theimportanceofinvestingincarindustry【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段"Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies．Butinagriculture，smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers．小型汽车制造商不太可能击败大型汽车公司．但在农业方面，小农户可以从主要参与者那里获得最好的收益．"可知作者在文章的开头提到了汽车工业，介绍了农业的一个特点．故选B．【训练强化】Atpresent,animated(动画)filmsarepopularwithus.Mostofthemrelyheavilyoncomputertechnology.Butthismagicalworld—wherewitches(魔法师)castspellsandcastlesfloatinthesky—isbroughttolifebyhand,Nevertheless,HayaoMiyazakiisreferredtoasJapan’sWaltDisneyandconsideredbymanytobetheworld’sgreatestlivinganimator.Thismonth,the72-year-oldMiyazakiannouncedhisretirement.TheJapaneseanimatorhasdirected11animatedfull-lengthfilmsoverthepastfourdecades,includingtheOscar-winningSpiritedAway(《千与千寻》)andhislatestrelease,TheWindRises(《起风了》),whichtellsthelifestoryofamanwhodesignedJapaneseWorldWarIIfighterplanes.JustasTheWindRisesshows,Miyazakiiswell-knownforhisobsessionwithflight,especiallyhumanflight.OtherattractiveaspectsofMiyazaki’sfilmsincludehisthemesofenvironmentalprotectionandthehorrorsofwar.Miyazaki’sworkisalsofamousforitslackofclearlydefinedgoodandevilcharacters.Heseesthe21stcenturyasacomplextimewhenoldstandardsneedtobere-examined.Asastoryteller,heisaninventoroffairytalesfullofmystery.IntheMiyazakianuniverse,wizards(巫师)turnintobirdsofprey;younggirlsaretransformedovernightinto90-year-oldwomen;greedyparentsarechangedintopigs;andshootingstarsbecomefiredemons(恶魔).PeopleattributeMiyazaki’ssuccesstohislongpursuitofhishand-drawntechnique,althoughinaninterviewwithCNNhecalledhimselfan“extinctspecies”intheageofdigitalanimation.ArecenttelevisiondocumentaryonthemakingofTheWindRisesshowedadisappointedMiyazakithrowingapileofdrawingsintothetrash.Heissaidtohaveredrawnthousandsofframesofthemuch-praisedPrincessMononoke(《幽灵公主》)whentheydidnotmeethisstandards.Buthishugeattentiontodetailhasearnedhimtherespectoftheentireanimatedfilmworld.EvenJohnLasseter—headofPixar,thefamousUScomputeranimationstudio—oncecalledMiyazaki“oneofthegreatestfilmmakersofourtime”.1.WhatcanweknowaboutMiyazaki’sfilmTheWindRises?A.Itwasputonalongtimeago.B.Miyaznkiwasonceunsatisfiedwithsomeofthedrawings.C.Itdescribesenvironmentalprotection.D.ItisanOscar-winningfilm.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obsession”meaninparagraph3?A.Hatred. B.Enthusiasm. C.Envy. D.Sympathy.3.WhatmakesMiyazakiearntherespectoftheentireanimatedfilmworld?A.Hisemphasisondetail.B.Hispursuitofthehand-drawntechnique.C.Hisdependenceoncomputertechnology.D.Hisdefinitionofgoodandevilcharacters.【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】本文是记叙文。讲述了日本即将退役的著名动画制作人Miyazaki（宫崎骏）。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容“ArecenttelevisiondocumentaryonthemakingofTheWindRisesshowedadisappointedMiyazakithrowingapileofdrawingsintothetrash.（一个关于制作TheWindRises的纪录片里，Miyazaki把一堆画扔在垃圾桶。）”可推知，Miyaznki在制作电影《起风了》时曾经对一些画不满意，故选B。【2题详解】词义猜测题。A.Hatred讨厌的；B.Enthusiasm热情的；C.Envy嫉妒的；D.Sympathy同情的。根据上段“TheWindRises(《起风了》),whichtellsthelifestoryofamanwhodesignedJapaneseWorldWarIIfighterplanes.（《起风了》讲述的是一个在日本二战中设计战斗机的男人的生活故事。）”，故推知Miyazaki因对飞行的热情而有名，故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Buthishugeattentiontodetailhasearnedhimtherespectoftheentireanimatedfilmworld.(但他对细节的高度关注为他赢得了整个动画电影界的尊敬)”可知，让他获得整个动画电影界尊重的是他对细节的关注。故选A。LukeGrenfell-Shawhadarareformofcancer.Itstartedasapaininhisshoulderandthetumourspreadtohislungs,makingitstagefour.TheOxfordgraduatewasteachingEnglishinSiberiawhenhesufferedashoulderpainandsawtheschoolnurse.ItwasherreactiontoalumponhisbackthatsenthimbackhometoBristol.“Iwas24yearsold.Ihaddoneanultramarathon.”Lukesaid.48hourslater.IwasbackinhospitalintheUK.“On19June2018,doctorstoldLukethathehadcancer.“Ihadkindofworkedoutthatitwascancer,butwhatkindofblewmeawaywasthefactthatitwasstagefourcancer,”saysLuke.“Thatday,mylifefeltlikeithaddisintegrated.Mylifehadbeencomfortableandconventional.Iworkedhardandgotrewardsintermsofeducation,jobs,thingslikethat.Thatwasalltakenaway?”Onthedayofhisdiagnosis,Lukehadoneclearthoughtinhismindthathewantedtocyclearoundtheworld.Itwassomethinghehadalwayshopedtodo,butthecancernewsmadehimrealizethathecouldn’tputitoff.“Irealizedthatthefuturehadtobecomenow,”Lukeexplains.HedecidedtocyclefromBristoltoBeijing—morethan5,000miles—onatandembike,becausehewantedtobringpeoplealongtosharetheexperiencewithhim.Lukewillnotonlybejoinedbyfamilyandfriendsforcertainlegsofhistrip,butalsobyotheryoungpeoplewhoarelivingwithcancer.“ThistripissomethingI’mgoingtoenjoy,”saysLuke,“It’sgoingtobetherichestandmostfulfillingexperiencethatIcanhave.”4.WhatmadeLukerealizethepotentialthreatoftheillness?A.Alumponhisback. B.Thepainonhisshoulder.C.Theschoolnurse’sreaction. D.TheOxfordgraduate’swarning.5.Theunderlinedword“disintegrated”inparagraph2means________.A.changed B.broken C.disappointed D.confused6.WhydidLukedecidetocyclearoundtheworld?A.Toenjoytherestofhislifepeacefully. B.Toseekthebestdoctortreatinghiscancer.C.Toconquerthecancerinhisownway. D.Tomakehisdreamcometrue.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Lukeintendedtochangehisfuturelifebycycling.B.Lukeplannedtochallengethecancerwithyoungmen.C.Lukewantedtoendhislifeduringthecyclingtrip.D.Lukeexpectedtochallengethetoughjourney.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了25岁的英国男子打算来一次看似不可能的挑战：从英国布里斯托尔骑行至北京。更具挑战性的是，这名男子已被确诊为癌症晚期，身体状况不容乐观。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“TheOxfordgraduatewasteachingEnglishinSiberiawhenhesufferedashoulderpainandsawtheschoolnurse.ItwasherreactiontoalumponhisbackthatsenthimbackhometoBristol.(这位牛津大学毕业生当时在西伯利亚教英语，突然肩膀疼痛，去见了学校的护士。是她对他背上一个肿块的反应让他回到了布里斯托尔)”可知，是护士的反应，让Luke意识到了疾病对他的潜在威胁。故选C。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Mylifehadbeencomfortableandconventional.Iworkedhardandgotrewardsintermsofeducation,jobs,thingslikethat.Thatwasalltakenaway?”可知，Luke原本舒适和常规的生活因癌症的出现被打破，所有的一切都被剥夺，由此猜测Luke感到生活“崩溃，破碎”。A.changed变化的；B.broken破碎的；C.disappointed失望的；D.confused困惑的。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Ontheday