考研英语二阅读注该讲义并非老师授课的逐字稿为保证学习效率以及质量

一、阅读理解部分大纲解 二 2010T1的艺术品市 T2夫妻交T3对于消费习惯的引 T4陪审团制度发2011T1外部董 T2后的报T3二战后住房风格的发 T4欧盟困2012T1家庭作业T2商业对人们颜色观念的影T3是否应该得到专 T4经济对的影2013T1技术进步与劳动力关 T2问 于大多数非英语考生而言，在阅读外国严肃时，他们的理解程度仅限于读懂文章的三、常见题型a）accordingb）because d）except题a）mainideab）besttitle含义题a)词汇 四、考研阅读与大cet-4cet-6的不五、考生面前的三座大山 解题思路&例：2010Textthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderunderinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartWeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnest,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andorlirygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”wrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.’”Unfortunay,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,inwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2 artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-cityEnglish-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartshigh-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofyoungreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.22.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby.[A]casualelaborateradicalWhichofthefollowingwouldShawandmostprobablyagreeItiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticItiscontemptibleforwriterstobeWritersarelikelytobetemptedintoNotallwritersarecapableofjournalisticWhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoHismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreadersHisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeeninHisstylecaterslargelytomodernHiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurWhatwouldbethebesttitlefortheNewspapersoftheGoodOldTheLostHorizoninMournfulDeclineofProminentCriticsinTextWhatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,antocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.IfshehopesherthanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMr.Norton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtowinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoptwomonthsayearng,andishardlyjollierforthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsforfrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingAbig [B]Aspecial[C]Astylish [D]ArichTheauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTV [B][C] [D]Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshow consumersaresometimespopularityusuallycomesaftermarketingtricksareafterraritygenerallyincreasesAccordingtothelast hasleftmuchroomformayprovetobeaworthwhilehaspredicteda egapinthemaygiveitsreadersasenseofThistextmainlydiscusseshow balancefeelinggoodandspendingspendlargesumsofmoneywoninobtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyemorereasonableinspendingonButit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekof,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“theRachel”mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderunderinmostbig-citynewspapers.Iwonderif,bywayofsimilarextraordinaryfactsthatIcannotpredict,ImayfeelmoreathomeinEuropethanonmydeeplylovedstretchesoflandintheUnitedStates.soanawarenessofabuseof“youknow”inpublicforumsmakesusbetterthatwhatonehasjustheardorseenhasnorelevancetowhatoneisabouttohearorseeorpossiblytoanythingoneiseverlikelytohearorsee.societiesofequivalentchronologicalperiodsdonotexist,andtheformsoftribalrecordpreservationavailable---oralhistory,tales,mnemonicdevices,andreligiousrituals---strikeuniversity-trainedacademicsasinexact,unreliable,and.thehumanityofourleaderscanhavetroublingeffects.Thatnineteenth-centuryFrenchnovelistBalzaccouldbefinanciallywiseForinstance,theverywomenwhohadbeendrawntohimbythepenetratingintuitionofthefemaleheartthatheshowedinhisnovelswereappalledtodiscoverhowinsensitiveandawkwardtherealmancouldbe.YetVanMeegerenwasexposednotbecauseheceasedtofoolpeople,becausehewasdtoprovehimselfaforgerinordertoclearhimselfofthemoreseriouschargeofhavingsoldanationaltreasureillegally.2010年(2010年TextThelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,BeautifulInsideMyHeadForever,morethan￡70m,arecordforasalebyasingle.Itwasalastvictory.Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbankruptcy.bewilderinglysince2003.Atitspeakin2007itwasworthsome$65billion,reckonsClareMcAndrew,founderofArtsEconomics,aresearchfirm—doublesthefigurefiveyearsearlier.Sincethenitmayhavecomedownto$50billion.greatwealth,enormousegos,greed,passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.becamedeeplyunfashionable.Intheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstayedawayfromgalleriesandsalerooms.Salesofcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds,and2008.Withinweekstheworld’stwobiggestauctionhouses,Sotheby’sandworksforsalewiththem.ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuyingImpressionistsattheendof1989.Thistimeexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage,thoughsomehavebeenfarmorefluctuant.ButEdwardDolman,Christie’schiefexecutive,says:"I’mprettyconfidentwe’reatthebottom.”Whatmakesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast,hesays,isthattherearestillbuyersinthemarket.Almosteveryonewhowasinterviewedforthisbutalackofgoodworktosell.ThethreeDs—death,debtanddivorce-stillaway,waitingforconfidencetoreturn. 21.在第一段中，DamienHirst作品的被。A.theartmarkethadwitnessedsuccessionofB.theauctioneerfinallygotthepiecesatthehighestC.BeautifulInsideMyHeadForeveroverallD.itwassuccessfullymadejusttheworldfinancialdeeplyunfashionable”(Line1-3)，theauthorsuggests 宜”(第三段的1～2行)，作者暗 A.collectorswerenolongerinvolvedinart-marketB.peoplestoppedeverykindofandstayedawayfromappealtoagreatfashionsotheywerenotworth23．WhichofthefollowingstatementsNOTA.Salesofcontemporaryartdramaticallyfrom2007toB.TheartmarketsurpassedmanyindustriesinC.TheanmarketgenerallywentinvariousD.Someartdealerswereawaitingchancesto24．ThethreeDsmentionedintheparagraph 24.最后一段提到的3因素 A.auctionB.contemporaryB.C.factorspromotingartworkD.stylesrepresenting25.Themostappropriatetitlethistextcould 25.最适合本文的题目可能 A.FluctuationofArtB.Up-to-dateArtB.艺术品拍C.ArtMarketinD.ShiftedInterestin(2010年TextIwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom—awomen’sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheevening,onemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequentlyofferingideasandanecdotes,whilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.Towardtheendoftheevening,Icommentedthatwomenfrequentlycominthattheirhusbandsdon’ttalktothem.thetalkerinourfamily."Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt."It’strue,"heexined."WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn’tkeeptheconversationgoing,we’dspendthewholeeveninginsilence."ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituations,theyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelatethatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—butonlyafewofthemen—gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.Inmyownresearch,comintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareer panyahusbandtohis,orngfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaning,cookingandsocialarrangements.Instead,theyfocusedoncommunication:"Hedoesn’tlistentome.""Hedoesn’ttalktome."Ifound,asHackerobservedyearsbefore,thatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobe,firstandforemost,conversationalpartners,butfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.Inshort,theimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisface,whileawomanglaresatthebackofit,wantingtotalk.26．Whatismostwives’mainoftheirA.TalkingtoB.TrustingB.C.SupportingtheirD.Sharing27.Judgingfromthecontext,the“wreakinghavoc”(Line2)moatprobably A.generatingA.B.exertingB.C.causingC.D.creatingD.28.Allofthefollowingaretrue..A.mentendtotalkmoreinpubliccausedbyfailedC.womenattachmuchimportancecommunicationbetweenD.afemaletendstobemoretalkativehomethanher29.WhichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthisA.ThemoraldecayingdeservesresearchbyB.Marriagebreak-upstemsC.HusbandandwifehaveexpectationsfromtheirD.Conversationalpatternsbetweenandwifeare30Inthistext，beauthorwillmostfocus A.avividaccountofthenewDivorceB.adetaileddescriptionofstereotypicalC.otherpossiblereasonsforadivorcerateintheU.D.abriefintroductiontothescientistAndrew（2010Textbehaviors-habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacksorwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues."Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofpeople’shabits,"saidDr.Curtis,thedirectoroftheHygieneCenterattheLondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicine."Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically."ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeverypurifiers,healthsnacks,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofshrewdadvertisingandpublichealthns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesa-Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup."Ourproductssucceedwhentheyepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,"saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thethatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslives,andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.havelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughruthlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.31．AccordingtoDr.Curtis，habitslikehandwashingwithsoap 31.根据Curtis博士的观点，用肥皂洗手这 A.shouldbefurtherB.shouldbechangedC.aredeeplyrootedinD.arebasicallyprivate32.Bottledwater,chewinggumandskinsoas A.revealtheirimpactonB.showtheurgentneedofC.indicatetheireffectonbuyingD.manifestthesignificantroleoftoproductsthathelpcreateA.A.B.B.C.C.D.D.34．Fromthetextweknowthatsomeconsumers’habitsaredevelopeddue. A.perfectedartofB.automaticbehaviorC.commercialC.促D.scientificD.35．Theauthor’sattitudetowardinfluenceofadvertisementonhabits A.A.B.B.C.C.D.D.(2010TextManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimaljurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionoftheexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnserningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestoernforthem.Butasrecentlyasin1968,juryselectionproceduresedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtosofsupposedlysuperiorinligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofStrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotheranti-discriminationlaws.century.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1895,itwasnotthenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheyallyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.ServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclareddiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.36．FromtheprinciplesoftheU.S.system，welearn 。serveonB.defendantsayeimmunefromtrialtheir noagelimitshouldbeimposedjurythe37．Thepracticeofselectingso-表 A.theinadequacyofanti-B.theprevalentdiscriminationcertainC.theingidealsinselectionCourt38．Eveninthe1960s，womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestates.现在某些州的陪审中，因为 B.theyfellfarshortofthe39．AftertheJurySelectionandActwas discriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeB.educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederalC.jurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunityD.statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem40．IndiscussingtheU.S.jurysystem,thetextcenterson A.itsnatureandB.itscharacteristicsandC.itsproblemsandtheirD.itstraditionand2011年(2011TextRuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’boardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000;ayearlatershebecameofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmuchcriticism.Butbytheendof2009Mrs.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?ByFebruarythenextyearMrs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.onafirm’sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,beabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasethatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromonestatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose"surprise"disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageofofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumoffasinkingship.Oftenthey"tradeup,"leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.wascriticizedfor A.gainingexcessiveB.failingtofulfillherC.refusingtomakeC.妥Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreak,evenifareviewofhistoryshowsthattheywereontheboardatthewascriticizedfor A.gainingexcessiveB.failingtofulfillherC.refusingtomakeC.妥D.leavingtheboardintoughdirectorsaresupposedto A.generousA.的投资B.unbiasedC.sharepriceD.independentD.23．AccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversity，afteranoutsidedirector’ssurprisedeparture，thefinislikelyto.。 emoreA.B.reportincreasedC.dolesswellinthestockC.在表现更D.performworsein24．Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors.。A.maystayfortheattractivefromtheintheC.areaccustomedtoworkintheofoutsidedirectors A.A.B.B.C.C.D.D.(2011TextWhateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspapers?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America’sFederalTradeCommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldthey Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.Inmuchoftheworldthereislittlesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitbutprofitallthesame.Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2007.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.Newspapersareingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestable.indicatesthatnewspapers 26．作者说“Newspaperslike…their A.neglectedthesignofB.failedtogetstateC.werenotcharitableD.wereindicatesthatnewspapers 26．作者说“Newspaperslike…their A.neglectedthesignofB.failedtogetstateC.werenotcharitableD.wereinadesperate27．Somenewspapersrefuseddeliverydistantsuburbsprobably 。A.readersthreatenedtopayA.B.newspaperswantedtoreduceC.journalistsreportedlittletheseC.很D.subscribersinedaboutD.stablebecausethey A.havemoresourcesofB.havemorebalancedC.arelessdependentonD.arelessaffectedby29．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaper。A.DistinctivenessisanfeatureofofC.Foreignbureausyacrucialrolethenewspaperandfilm30．Themostappropriatetitlefortextwould 。A.AmericanNewspapers：StrugglingC.AmericanNewspapers：AD.AmericanNewspapers：AHopeless(2011WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediayfollowingWorldWarⅡasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions,goingofftocollegeontheG.I.Billandliningupatthemarriagebureaus.Butwhenitcametotheirhouses,itwasatimeofcommonsenseandabeliefthatlesscouldtrulybemore.DuringtheDepressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidenceinthefuture,madesmall,efficienthousingpositivelystylish.Economicconditionwasonlyastimulusforthetrendtowardefficientliving.Thephrase"lessismore"wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRobe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarⅡandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.ThesedesignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture,butnonemoresothanMies.Mie’ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthanalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.Likeothermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood—materialsthatwetakeforgrantedtodaybutthatinthe1940ssymbolizedthefuture.Mies’ssophisticatedpresentationmaskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago’sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,weresmaller—two-bedroomunitsunder1,000squarefeet—thanthoseintheirolderneighborsalongthecity’sGoldCoast.Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheoftheartsopopularatthetime.Thetrendtoward"less"wasnotentirelyforeign.Inthe1930sFrankLloydWrightstartedbuildingmoremodestandefficienthouses—usuallyaround1,andtheearly20thcentury.31．ThepostwarAmericanhousingThe"CaseStudyHouses"commissionedfromtalentedmodernarchitectsbyCaliforniaArts&Architecturemagazinebetween1945and1962wereyetanotherhomegrowninfluenceonthe"lessismore"trend.AestheticeffectcamefromtheRapsonmayhavemispredictedjusthowthemechanicalrevolutionwouldimpacteverydaylife—fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers—but31．ThepostwarAmericanhousinglargelyreflectedthe 了人 A.prosperityandA.B.efficiencyandB.C.restraintandC.D.prideandD.fromParagraph3abouttheA.ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanA.LudwigMiesvanderRoheB.ItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedWorldWarC.MostAmericanarchitectsusedtoassociatedwith33．Miesheldthatelegancearchitectural A.wasrelatedtolargeB.wasidentifiedwithB.D.wasnotassociatedwithD.A.TheyignoreddetailsandatthatC.TheyweremorespaciousneighboringD.Theysharedsomecharacteristicsthe“CaseStudy35.CaseStudyHouseA.Mechanicaldeviceswerewidely(2011年Textlongago.Noweventheproject’sgreatestcheerleader’stalkofacontinentfacinga"Bermudatriangle"ofdebt,populationdeclineandlowergrowth.theeurozone’seconomies,weakerorstronger,willonedayconvergethankstothedisciplineofsharingasinglecurrency,whichdeniespetitivemembersthequickfixofdevaluation.agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonizationwithintheeurozone,butdisagreeaboutwhattoharmonize.andcompetitiveness,backedbyquasi-automaticsanctionsforernmentsthatdonotobey.ThesemightincludethreatstozeEUfundsforpoorerregionsandEUmega-projects,andeventhesuspensionofacountry’svotingrightsinEUministerialcouncils.Itinsiststhateconomicco-ordinationshouldinvolveliberalismandeconomicrigor;intheinnercorealone,Germanyfears,asmeltmajorityfavorFrenchinterference.A"southern"campheadedbyFrancewantssomethingdifferent:"European ernment"withinaninnercoreofeuro-zonemembers.Translated,thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginmonetaryandasystemofredistributionfromrichertopoorermembers,viacheaperborrowingfor ernmentsthroughcommonEurobondsorcompletefiscaltransfers.Finally,figuresclosetothe ernmenthavemurmured,euro-zonemembersshouldagreetosomefiscalandsocialharmonization:e.g.,curbingcompetitionincorporate-taxratesorlaborcosts.ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.Itremainstheworld’slargesttradingblock.Atitsbest,theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal:builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries,itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoods,capitalandlaborthananycomparabletradingarea.Itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization,andmakecapitalismbenign.36.TheEUisfacedwithsomany B.evenitssupportersbegintoC.someofitsmembercountriesnabandonD.itintendstodenythepossibilityisstuckbecausethedominant A.arecompetingfortheleadingA.彼此争夺B.arebusyhandlingtheirownC.failtoreachanagreementD.disagreeonthesteps38.Tosolvetheeuroproposed 38.为解决欧元问题，德国建 A.EUfundsforpoorregionsbeB.stricterregulationsbeD.votingrightsoftheEUmembers39．TheFrenchproposalofhandlingcrisisimplies A.poorcountriesaremorelikelytoB.strictmonetarywillbetopoorD.richcountrieswillbasically40．Regardingthefutureoftheauthorseemsto 。A.A.B.B.C.C.D.D.2012年(2012TextReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)butinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonwhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,maynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’pleteontheirownorthattheycannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.Districtadministratorssaythatwillstillbeapartofschooling;teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirandseeverylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheir,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheir?Itisquitepossiblethatthehelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,theimposesaflat,across-the-boardAtthesametime,theaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestions makethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifmatters,itshouldaccountforasignificantportionofthegrade.Meanwhile,thisdoesnothingtoensurethatthestudentsreceiveismeaningfulorappropriatetotheirageandthesubjectorthatteachersarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.Therulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsibleforsettingeducational,looksintothematterandconductspublichearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodoright.21．Itisimpliedinparagraph1thatnowadays. A.isreceivingmoreA.受到批B.isnolongeraneducationalC.isnotrequiredforadvancedD.isgainingmoreD.22．L.A.Unifiedhasmadetherule