2016年上外杯-初赛英语试题（原卷版）

2016年“上外杯”上海市高中英语竞赛初赛试题考生注意：一、本卷共10页、77小题，满分100分。答卷时间90分钟。二、本卷所有题目均为选择题，请将所选答案用2B铅笔点涂在答题卡上。I.Grammar（15分）Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.(A)NowhereinItaly___1___acrisismorebeautifullyframedthaninVenice.Neitherlandnorwater,thecityliftslikeamiragefromalagoonattheheadoftheAdriatic.Forcenturiesithasthreatenedtovanish___2___thewavesoftheacquaalta,therelentlesslyregularfloodingcausedbyrisingtidesandsinkingfoundations.But___3___istheleastofitsproblems.JustaskMayorMassimoCacciari,professorofphilosophy,fluentinGerman,Latin,AncientGreek.AskabouttheacquaaltaandVenice___4___,andhesays,“Sogogetboots.”Bootsarefineforwater,butuselessagainsttheflood___5___causesmoreconcernforVenetiansthananylagoonspillover:thefloodoftourism.NumberofVenetianresidentsin2007:60,000.Numberofvisitorsin2007:21million.1.A.is B.has C.thereis D.isthere2.A.above B.beneath C.over D.in3.A.that B.it C.this D.here4.A.sunk B.beingsunk C.sinking D.sinks5.A.what B.that C.it D./(B)Ittookhumansthousandsofyearstoexploreourownplanet,andcenturies___6___(comprehend)ourneighboringplanets.Nowadays,newworlds___7___everyweek.Todate,astronomershaveidentifiedmorethan370“exoplanets”—worldsorbitingstarsotherthanthesun.Thereisa“hotSaturn”260light-yearsfromEarththat___8___itsparentssorapidlythatayeartherelastslessthanthreedays.Circlinganotherstar150light-yearsoutisascorched“hotJupiter,”___9___upperatmosphereisbeingblastedofftoformagiganticcomet-liketail.Astronomershavefoundthreeplanetsorbitingapulsar—theremainsofaoncemightystar___10___intoaspinningatomicnucleusthesizeofacity.Someworldshaveevidentlyfallenintotheirsuns.Others____11____outoftheirsystemstobecome“floaters”thatwanderineternaldarkness.Amongallthese,scientistsareeagertofindahintofthefamiliar:planetsresemblingEarth.Thatis,planetsorbitingtheirstarsatjusttherightdistance—neithertoohotnortoocold—___12___lifeasweknowit.Wehavenotyetfoundplanetsthatarequitelikeourown,presumably___13___they’reinconspicuous.___14___aplanetassmallandslimasoursamidtheglareofitsstarisliketryingtoseeafireflyinafirworksdisplay.Yetbypushingtechnologytothelimits,astronomersarerapidlyapproachingtheday_____15_____theycanfindanotherEarth.Andwhentheydo,theycaninvestigateitforsignsoflife.6.A.comprehend B.comprehends C.tocomprehend D.comprehending7.A.arediscovered B.arebeingdiscovered C.willbediscovered D.aretobediscovered8.A.orbit B.orbiting C.orbits D.hasorbited9.A.where B.whose C.inwhich D.which10.A.shrink B.shrinks C.shrinking D.shrunk11.A.havethrown B.arethrowing C.havebeenthrown D.arebeingthrown12.A.support B.supporting C.thatsupport D.tosupport13.A.when B.if C.because D.as14.A.Tosee B.See C.Seeing D.havingseen15.A.that B.which C.when D.onwhichII.Vocabulary（10分）Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.选词填空(Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.)Allcompetitiveskiandsnowboardingeventsnowtakeplacelargelyonman-madesnow.Unlikeitsnatural___16___,themachine-madewhitestuffcanbecarefullytweakedtomakeamoredurableandconsistentsurface:oneperfectforrecord-breakingattempts.Snow-makingequipmentisviewedasessentialinmostskiareastoguarantee___17___throughouttheseasons.Thesnow“cannons”or“guns”thatmanufacturesnow___18___thenaturalformationofsnowflakes.Snowmachinestypicallyforcepressurizedwaterthroughanozzle(喷嘴),breakingintoamistoftinydroplets,andthenusecompressedairorfanstoblastthemintotheair.Asthedropletscool,themoleculeslineand___19___intoiceparticles.Thearttosnow-makingisadjustingthewaterandairtoensurethatthewaterdropsaresmallenoughandsentfarenoughsothattheywillfreezebeforetheyhittheground.Iftheairtemperatureisquitehigh,forexample,drippingthewatercontentanduppingtheairwouldcreatesmallerparticlesthataremorelikelytofreeze.Snow-makingmachinesalsofrequently____20____nucleatingagents(成核剂)inthewater:smallquantitiesofmaterialssuchasbacterialprotein,ontowhichthewatermoleculesattachandfreeze.By___21___freezing,theseagentsraisethetemperatureatwhichsnowcanbemade.Manyresortsnowusesophisticatedcomputersystemsthatautomaticallyadjusttheairandwater___22___fromsnowmachinesbasedonairtemperaturehumidityandwind.Forracecourses,expertsadjustman-madesnowtocreateatough,fastandicycourseratherthanapowderyone.Askicourseisalsoheavily___23___andoftenintentionallyfloodedtocreatepatchesofice;thesefactorsgenerallydeterminethespeedofarace.Thereareotherreasonsforsnowmanufacturingtobeindemand,beyondthebenefitsofhavingasnowwhosepropertiescanbeorderedup.Somepredictthattheneedforsnowwill___24___withthewarmingeffectsofclimatechange,whicharealreadypushingsnowlinesuptheAlps.Butthiscomeswithenvironmentalcost.Makingsnow_____25_____energyandwater,andcanrobriversandcreeksinthesurroundingecosystems.Onewaytoconservethemountainenvironmentwouldbetoreusewintersportscompetitionfacilitiesratherthanbuildingnewones.III.Cloze（25分）Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.(A)WhenyouwalkonthestreetsofcitieslikeNewYorkandWashington,D.C.,it’shardtomissthesculptures.Manymarkparksandneighborhoods.Historicfiguresoftencanbeseenstandingupright.Ortheycanbeseensittingontheirhorses,stoicallystrikingapose.Moreoftenthannot,thesestatueshaveanotherthingincommon.It’stheir___26___.ThemajorityofpublicstatuesintheUnitedStatesareofmen.Oftheestimated5,193publicstatuesdepictinghistoricfiguresondisplaythroughouttheU.S.,only394areof___27___.Thisisaccordingtoastorywrittenin2011byTheWashingtonPost’sCariShane.Compoundingthisnumber,noneofthe44memorialsmaintainedbytheNationalParksService,liketheLincolnMemorialortheJeffersonMemorial,specifically___28___women.Agroupislookingtochangethis___29___.Thegroupiscalled

WhereAreTheWomen?Recently,itsuccessfullycampaignedtohavestatuesofwomen’srightspioneersSusanB.AnthonyandElizabethCadyStantonaddedtoNewYork’sCentralPark.Thepark,___30___,hadnostatuesofnon-fictionalwomenonitsgrounds.The___31___ofwomen’srepresentationposesaproblem.Leavingtheirstoriesoutfrompublicart___32___thesignificantrolesthatwomenhaveplayedinhistory.Currently,fewofthestatuesthatdoshowwomenoncitystreetsare___33___historicfigures.Instead,womenoftenappearasarchetypes.Theyaresymbolsofabstractconcepts.Ortheyarenamelessfiguresinamemorial.Onecampaignisn’tenoughtosolveongoingissuesofgenderdiscriminationand___34___intheU.S..Butbypressingtohonorrealwomenfromhistory,citiescanrestorethemtoastorythathas_____35_____themforsolong.Afterall,asitstandsnow,onlyfivepublicstatuesofhistoricwomenremaininNewYorkCity.ThestatuesareofJoanofArc,GoldaMeir,GertrudeStein,EleanorRooseveltandHarrietTubman.26.A.style B.material C.size D.gender27.A.men B.women C.leaders D.politician28.A.contributesto B.devotesto C.focuseson D.dependson29.A.ratio B.unfairness C.prejudice D.reality30.A.particularly B.notoriously C.deliberately D.exclusively31.A.existence B.ignorance C.lack D.absence32.A.hidesaway B.takesaway C.putsaway D.clearaway33.A.modeledon B.basedon C.developedfrom D.derivedfrom34.A.poverty B.bias C.inequality D.gap35.A.shadowed B.faked C.concealed D.ignored(B)Supposethat54.3percentofyourcountry’spopulationhadcancer.Thatfiguremightsetoffanationwide___36___—asearchforsomethingwrongwithpeople’sdiet,theenvironment,aciditylevels.Infact,that’sthepercentageofAmericanswhoshowapositiveskinresponsetooneormoreallergens.The___37___ofallergy—sneezing,itching,rashes—aresignsofanimmunesystemrunningamok,attackingforeigninvaders—allergens—thatmeannoharm.Allergies___38___kill.Theyjustmakethesufferermiserable—sometimesforbriefperiods,andsometimesforlife.Allergiesareessentiallyanepidemicofmodernity.Ascountriesbecomemoreindustrialized,thepercentageofpopulationaffectedbythemtendstogrowhigher.ThereareremoteareasofSouthAmericaorAfricawhereallergiesarevirtually___39___.Here’showanallergydevelops:Oneday,abodyisexposedtoaproteininsomethingthatseemsperfectly____40____—thewheatflour,say,inahome-bakedmuffin.Butforsomeunclearreason,thebodylooksattheproteinandseestrouble.Therewillbeno___41___atfirst,butthebodyisremembering—andplanning.ThatfirstexposurecausestheimmunesystemtoproduceanantibodycalledIgE(immunoglobulinE).ThenIgEantibodiesattachtocertaincells,calledmastcells,intissuethroughoutthebody.Theretheystaylike___42___soldierswaitingforwar.Withasecondexposure,evenmonthslater,someoftheallergenbindswiththeIgEonthemastcell.Thistimethemastcellreleasesafloodof___43___chemicals,whichcauseinflammationanditching.Thereis,unquestionably,a___44___componenttoallergies.Achildwithoneasthmaticparenthasagoodchanceofdevelopingthecondition.Ifbothparentshaveasthma,thechanceofoccurrenceincreases.Still,theriseinallergiesistoorapidtobeexplained____45____bygenetics.“Thegeneticpoolcan’tchangethatmuchinsuchashorttime,”saysDonaldLeung,directorofanallergy-immunologyprogramintheU.S.“Therehavetobeenvironmentaland___46___factorsaswell.”Dozensoftheorieshaveblamedeveryonefromurbanlandscapersfor___47___maleplants(theonesthatproducepollen),towomenwhodon’tbreastfeed.Breastfeeding,thetheorygoes,confersgreaterprotectionagainstallergies.Anotherprobablefactor:diet.“Reducedfreshfruitandvegetableintake,moreprocessedfood,fewerantioxidants,andlowintakeofsomeminerals—theseareallshowntobea___48___,”saysprofessorofmedicineHaroldNelson,consideredoneoftheforemostexpertsonallergiesintheU.S.Anotherprimeculprit:environmentalpollutants.Exactlywhatpollutantsandinwhatquantitiesarea___49___ofheateddebate.Oneofdozensofexamples:Childrenwhoareraisednearmajorhighwaysandareexposedtodieselfumesfromtrucksregistera(n)___50___sensitivitytoallergenstheyalreadyreactto.36.A.awareness B.shame C.panic D.campaign37.A.causes B.diagnosis C.features D.manifestation38.A.absolutely B.rarely C.normally D.randomly39.A.prevalent B.nonexistent C.available D.extinct40.A.harmless B.popular C.nutritious D.common41.A.warns B.unease C.symptoms D.mistakes42.A.brave B.sophisticated C.wary D.skillful43.A.infectious B.poisonous C.annoying D.irritating44.A.relative B.hereditary C.occasional D.natural45A.mainly B.definitely C.necessarily D.solely46.A.behavioral B.human C.social D.emotional47.A.avoiding B.promoting C.planting D.favoring48.A.venture B.reason C.risk D.chance49.A.source B.pool C.focus D.topic50.A.flexible B.mild C.increased D.threateningIV.ReadingcomprehensionSectionA(10分)Directions:(YouaregoingtoreadfourreviewofasciencedocumentaryseriesonTV.Forquestions1-10,choosefromthereviews(A-D).Thereviewsmaybechosenmorethanonce.)ReviewsofTVsciencedocumentaryseriesPaulHansenlooksatthelatestscienceprogrammes.AScienceforAllFortunatelyformeandnon-scientistseverywhere,themakersofScienceforAllaretheretoplugthegapsinourknowledge.Theseriesisratherlikeaknowledgeableparentwhodoesn’tmindbeingpesteredbywide-eyedandcuriouschildren:Ittakesthetimetoexplainallthosefascinatingmysteriesofnatureinanentertainingandunderstandableway.Thelastseriesopenedmyeyestoallmannerofinterestingfactsanddemystifiedsomeoftheproblemsfacedbymodernphysics.Andthenewseriesshownolackofinspirationforsubjectstotackle:everythingfromtheexistenceoflifeonotherplanetstotheoddpropertiesofhumanmemoryarerightlyconsideredsuitablesubjects.So,whileit’sashamethatfactualprogramsaregettingincreasinglyscarcethesedays,it’sacomfortthatScienceforAllshowsnosignsofdippinginqualityordisappearingfrompublicview.BOutinSpaceAlthoughIwasn’texpectingmuchfromthisseries,I’mpleasedthattheproducersofOutinSpacepersistedwiththeirunpromisingsubject.Inthecourseofthefirstprogramwelearnabouthurricanes,deserts,andevenhowtheMoonwasmade;abewilderingmixofphenomenathat,wewereassured,wereallcausedbyeventsbeyondourplanets’atmosphere.That’snottosaytheprogramexploredtheminanygreatdetail,preferringtoskipbreathlesslyfromonetothenext.Theessentiallogicoftheseriesseemedtobethatifyoutakeanynaturalphenomenonandask“why?”enoughtimes,theanswerwilleventuallybethatit’ssomethingtodowithspace.Thetwopresentersattemptedtogetitalltofittogether,bytakingpartinexcitingactivities.Sadly,theseonlyoccasionallysucceeded.CStarsandPlanetsThesecondseriesofStarsandPlanetsisanattempttotakeadvantageofthesuccessofthefirst,whichunexpectedgainedasubstantialgeneralaudience.Likeitspredecessor,thisisbigonamazingphotographyandfabulousgraphics,mostofwhicharemuchlesssuccessfulatcommunicatingtheimmensityoftheideasinvolvedthanonehumanbeingtalkingtoyoudirectly.Thistimethescopeisgivenwider,astronomicallyspeaking.Whatwearebeingintroducedtohereareambitiousideasabouttimeandspace,andthepresentersucceedsratherbetterthanyoumightexpect.Ithelpsthathedoesn’tgotoodeep,asonceyoustartthinkingaboutitthisistrickystufftogetyourheadaround.Thepointofsuchprogramsislesstoexplaineverydetailthantoarouseageneralizedsenseofamazementthatmightleadtofurtherthinking,andStarsandPlanetsiscertainlygoodatthat.DRobotTechnologyThisground-breakingsciencedocumentaryseriesfollowsagroupofexpertsastheyattempttobuildacompleteartificialhumanfromroboticbodyparts.Theprojectseesscientistsusethelatesttechnologyfromtheworld’smostrenownedresearchcentersandmanufacturers.Itistherealizationofalong-helddreamtocreateahumanfrommanufacturedparts,usingeverythingfrombionicarmsandmechanicalhearts,eyeimplantsandmicrochipbrains.Theseriesexplorestowhatextentmoderntechnologyiscapableofreplacingbodyparts—orevenimprovingtheirabilities.Thepresenter,veryappropriately,hasanartificialhandhimself.Thisambitiousseriesgivesusaguidedtourofthewondersofmoderntechnology.Thoughitcanbeaslightlyupsettingjourneyattimes,itengagestheaudienceinarevolutionthatischangingthefaceofmedicine.Inwhichreviewdoesitsaythat:51.aneffortwasmadetoconnectanumberofunrelatedissues?52.thetopicscoveredarewellchosen?53.viewersareshownhowsciencecanoccasionallydobetterthannature?54.theseriesdealswithsomethingpeoplehavehopedtoachieveforawhile?55.theseriesunfortunatelydidn’tspendalotoftimeexplainingthetopicscovered?56.viewersareclearlyinformed?57.it’sgoodthatviewersarenotrequiredtoconsiderallaspectsofthesubjectcarefully?58.theserieswasworthmakingdespitethetopicnotappearingveryinterestingatfirst?59.viewersmaynotalwaysfindtheseriescomfortabletowatch?60.theseriesachievesitsaimsbyastonishingitsviewers?SectionB（22分）11*2Directions:Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)GreenfingersItneveroccurredtomewhenIwaslittlethatgardenswereanythinglessthanglamorousplaces.Granddad’sgardenwasonthebankofariverandslopedgentlydowntowardsthewater.Youcouldn’treachtheriverbutyoucouldhearthesoundofthewaterandthebirdsthatsanginthetreesabove.Iimaginedthatallgardenswerelikethis—aplaceofescape,peaceandsolitude.Granddad’splotwasnothingoutoftheordinarywhenitcametofeatures.Hehadnothingasgrandasagreenhouse,unlikesomeofhisneighbors.Notthattheyhadproper“bought”greenhouses.Theirsweremadefromoldwindowframes.Patchesofplasticwouldbetackedinplacewhereacarelesslywieldedspadehadsmashedapaneofglass.Athomehisson,myfather,couldbequietandwithdrawn.Iwouldn’twanttomakehimsoundhumorless.Hewasn’t.Sillythingswouldamusehim.Hehadphrasesthathelikedtouse,“It’simmaterialtome”beingoneofthem.“Idon’tmind”wouldhavedonejustaswellbuthelikedtheword“immaterial.”Irealizethat,deepdown,hewasprobablydisappointedthathehadn’tmademoreofhislife.Heleftschoolwithoutqualificationsandbecameapprenticedtoaplumber.Plumbingwasnotsomethinghewaspassionateabout.Itwasjustwhathedid.Hewasneverparticularlyambitious,thoughtherewasamomentwhenheandMumthoughtofemigratingtoCanada,butitcametonothing.Wherehecameintohisownwasaroundthehouse.Hehadan“eyeforthejob.”Beitbookshelvesoracupboard—whathecouldachievewasastonishing.Myparentsmovedhouseonlyonceintheirentiremarriedlife.Butmymothermadeupforthislackofdaringwhenitcametofurniture.Youwouldjustgetusedtotheshapeofonechairwhenanotherappeared,butthemostdramaticchangeofallwasthearrivalofapiano.Ialwayswantedtolikeitbutitdiditsbesttointimateme.TheonlythingIdidlikeaboutitwerethetwobrasscandlesticksthatjuttedoutfromthefront.“They’retooposh,”mymothersaidandtheydisappearedonedaywhileIwasatschool.Therewasneveranymentionofmybeingallowedtoplayit.Insteadlessonswerebookedformysister.WhenIaskedmymotherinlaterlifewhyIwasn’tgiventheopportunity,herreplywasbrief:“You’dneverhavepracticed.”Ofthethreeoptions,moors,woodsorriver—theriverwastheonethatusuallygotmyvote.OnastretchoftheriverIwasallowedtodisappearwithmyimaginationintoanotherworld.WithafishingnetovermyshoulderIcouldsetoffinsandalsthatwerelastyear’smodel,withthefrontscutouttoaccommodatetoesthatwerenowrighttotheend.I’dwalkalongtheriverbanklookingforasuitablespotwhereIcouldtakeoffthepainfulsandalsandleavethemwithmypicnicwhileIventuredout,tentatively,peeringthroughthewaterforanyfishthatIcouldscoopupwiththenetandtakehome.Afterthefirstdisastrousattemptstokeepthemaliveinthebackyard,theyweretippedbackintothewater.Iwantedtoleaveschoolassoonaspossiblebutthatseemedanunlikelyprospectuntilonedaymyfatherannounced,“They’vegotavacancyforanapprenticegardenerintheParksDepartment.Ithoughtyoumightbeinterested.”InonebriefmomentDadhadgoneagainsthisbetterjudgment.HemightstillhavepreferreditifIbecameacarpenter.ButIliketofeelthatsomewhereinsidehimwasafeelingthatthingsmightjustturnoutforthebest.MaybeI’mdeceivingmyself,butIprefertobelievethatinhisheart,althoughhehatedgardeninghimself,he’dwatchedmedoingitforlongenoughandnoticedmyunfailingpassionforallthingsthatgrewandfloweredandfruited.61.Whenthewriterdescribeshisgranddad’sgarden,heis_______________.A.proudthathisgranddadwassuchagoodgardenerB.embarrassedthatthegardenwasnotasgoodasothersnearbyC.indignantthatitemsinthegardenwereoftendamagedD.positiveaboutthetimehespentinthegarden62.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetohisfatherinthesecondparagraph?A.Hewasregretfulthathisfatherhadnotachievedmore.B.Hewasirritatedthathisfatherusedwordshedidn’tunderstand.C.Hewassympathetictothereasonswhyhisfatherbehavedashedid.D.HewasgratefulthathisfatherhadnottakenthefamilytoCanada.63.Whatdoesthewritermeanbytheunderlinedphrase“cameintohisown”?A.wasabletodosomethingbyhimselfB.wasabletoshowhowtalentedhewasC.wasabletocontinuehisdayjobD.wasabletoforgethisfailure64.Whatwasthewriter’sfirstreactiontothepiano?A.Hewassurprisedwhenitsuddenlyappeared.B.Hewaspleasedatseeingitinthelivingroom.C.Hewasangrythatonlyhissisterwouldhavepianolessons.D.Hewasproudthathismotherhadlistenedtohisadvice.65.Thewriter’sdescriptionofhisfishingtripsillustrates____________.A.howmuchfreetimehewasgivenB.howbeautifultheriverwasC.howgoodafishermanhewasD.howcarefreehischildhoodwas66.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Hisfatherdidnotwanthissontobeagardener.BHisfatherwastiredofdisagreeingwithhisson.C.Hisfatherhadbeenimpressedbyhisson’sloveofgardening.D.Hisfatherhadbeentryingtofindajobhissonwouldenjoy.(B)Plato,anancientGreekphilosopher,believedthatmenaredividedintothreeclasses:gold,silverandbronze.VifredoPateto,anItalianeconomist,arguedthat“thevitalfew”accountformostprogress.Intheprivatesector,bestcompaniesstrugglerelentlesslytofindandkeepthevitalfew.Theyofferthemfatpaypackets,extratraining,powerfulmentorsandmorechallengingassignments.Asthecompetitioninbusinessisgettingincreasinglyfierce,companiesaretryinghardertonurturerawtalent,ortopoachitfromtheirvitals.Private-equityfirmsrelyheavilyonafewstars.High-techfirms,foralltheiregalitarianism(平均主义),areruthlessaboutrecruitingthebrightest.Firmsinemergingmarketsaredesperatetofindyounghigh-flyerstocopewithrapidgrowthandfast-changingenvironment.BillConatyandRamCharan’srecentbookTheTalentMastersprovidesanicemixofportraitsofwell-knowntalentfactoriesalongwithsketchesofmorerecentconvertstothecause.“Talentmasters”areproudoftheirelitism.GEdividesitsemployeesintothreegroupsbasedontheirpromise.HindustanUnilevercompilesalistofpeoplewhoshowinnateleadershipqualities.“Talentmasters”allseemtoagreeontheimportanceoftwothings:measurementanddifferentiation.Thebestcompaniesroutinelysubjectemployeestovarious“reviews”and“assessments.”Butwhenitcomestohigh-flyerstheymakemoreefforttobuildupathree-dimensionalpictureoftheirpersonalitiesandtoprovidelotsoffeedback.Apowerfulmotivatoristosingleouthigh-flyersforspecialtraining.GEspends$1billionayearonit.Novartissendshigh-flyerstoregularoff-sitetrainingsessions.Manycompaniesalsoembraceon-jobtraining,speakingof“stretch”assignmentsor“baptismsbyfire.”Themostcovetedareforeignpostings:thesecanhelpyoungmanagersunderstandwhatitisliketorunanentirecompanywithawiderangeofproblems.Successfulcompaniesmakesurethatseniormanagersareinvolvedwith“talentdevelopment.”BossesofGEandP&Gspent40%oftheirtimeonpersonnel.Intelobligedseniormanagerstospendatleastaweekinayearteachinghigh-flyers.Involvingthecompany’stopbrass(高级职员)intheprocesspreventslower-levelmanagersfrommonopolizinghigh-flyersandcratesdialoguesbetweenestablishedandfutureleaders.Successfulcompaniesalsointegratetalentdevelopmentwiththeirbroaderstrategytoensurethatcompaniesaremorethanthesumoftheirparts.P&Glikesitsmanagerstobebothinnovativeandworldly.Goodyearreplaced23ofits24seniormanagersintwoyearsasitshifteditstarget-consumersfromcarmakerstomotorists.Meanwhile,intheirrushtoclassifypeople,companiescanmisspotentialstars.Thosewhoaresingledoutforspecialtreatmentcanbecometoofullofthemselves.Butthefirstproblemcanbefixedbyflexibility;peoplewhoareaverageinonejobcanbecomestarsinanother.Andpeoplewhobecometoosmugcanbediscarded.67.Theauthormentionstheneedsfortalentofdifferentfirmsinthesecondparagraphtoshowthat_________.A.theneedfortalentisuniversalB.thereisacut-throatcompetitionamongthemC.theeconomyismoreprosperousthanbeforeD.theneedfortalentisconfinedtohigh-techfirms68WhatdoesthenewbookTheTalentMasterschieflydepict?A.Howthewell-knowntalentfactoriesclassifytheirstaff.B.Howthetalentfactoriesandrecentconvertstothecausearelike.C.Howtoidentifyandrecruittalent.D.Howtokeepandfostereliteemployees.69.Thebestcompaniesusuallycultivatetheirhigh-flyersby__________.A.checkingandevaluatingthemfrequentlyB.compellingtheseniormanagerstoinstructthehigh-flyersC.movingthemintothepositionsthatdisplaytheirstrengthsD.providingthemwithtrainingorspecialmentoringclasses70.Thesuccessfulcompaniesimplementthe“talentdevelopment”strategyby________.A.makingsurethatitsseniormanagersspendenoughtimeonpersonnelB.changingthecompany’sstrategyaccordingtothestatusquooftalentC.replacingmostoftheseniormanagersregularlytoavoidmonopolyD.groomingfutureleadersfromhigh-flyersratherthanfromlower-levelmanagers71.Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthelastparagraph?A.Theimportanceofequality.B.Thenecessityofflexibility.C.Thedrawbacksofelitism.D.Theharmofself-conceit.SectionC（18分）6*3Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Sixsentenceshavebeenremovedfromthepassage.ChoosefromthesentencesA-Gtheonewhichfitseachgap.Thereisoneextrasentencewhichyoudonotneedt