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铁道与城市轨道交通学院二零零七年八月十八日
车辆工程II
-轨道车辆设计理论
VehicleEngineeringII
-RailwayVehicleDesignTheoryRailwayandUrbanMassTransitResearchInstituteIntroductionDevelopmentofRailwayVehicle
inter-cityvehicle,ormainlinevehiclehighspeedvehiclemetrovehiclelightrailvehiclemonorailvehiclemaglevvehicleintelligenttransportationvehicleByFengming2023TongjiUniversityIntroductionDevelopmentofRailwayVehicleICE:IntroductionDevelopmentofRailwayVehicleTGV:IntroductionDevelopmentofRailwayVehicle500系:IntroductionDevelopmentofRailwayVehicleX2023:IntroductionDevelopmentofRailwayVehicleTR06IntroductionDegrees-offreedom:-1bodywith5dofs=52bogieswith5dofs=104wheelsetswith2dofs=8Total=26,i.e.52statesIntroductionIntroductionDevelopmentofRailwayVehicleDesign1825~1960s,EmpiricalDesignPeriod1960~1990s,AnalyticalDesignPeriod1990~current,“Mehchatronic”DesignPeriodIntroductionEmpiricalDesignTalentGeniusexperienceprototypeimproveVeryslowIntroductionAnalyticalDesignConceptDesignSchematicDesignPPDesignPrototypeRunningExperimentCustomerScientist,ResearcherIntroductionAnalyticalDesign
ConceptDesign:principledesignSchematicDesignorTechnicalDesign(技术设计):includingKinetics,Dynamicsanalysis,toEvaluatetheridequality,runningsafety,brakingability;PPdesign(施工设计):CAD,CAM,CAE(mainlyincludingthepartsstrengthanalysis,usingFEMtechnology);Prototype:Testrigrunningtest,On-linetestevaluation;RunningTest:0.5millionKilometersrunningtest,Fatiguelifetest;Customers:Evaluationfromthepointviewofcustomers;
IntroductionMechatronicDesignMechanicalsystemTrackinputsVehicleoutputs(acceleration,displacement,etc)Monitoringsystem(sensors)ElectroniccontrollerActuatorsystemControlforcesDrivesignalsIntroductionMechatronicDesignActuatorsSensorsControllerLoadchangesBodyacceleration(minimise)Suspensiondeflection(constrain)Stability(constrain)Curvingperformance(optimise)VehiclesystemTrackfeatures(deterministic)Trackirregularities(stochastic)IntroductionMechatronicDesignIntroductionMechatronicDesignIntroductionContentsofthislesson
1.VehicleDynamics:BasicdynamicprinciplesSafetycriterionRideQuality2.StrengthAnalysisofRailwayVehicleParts:Forcesactedonparts,carbody,bogieFEManalysismethod,includingconstraints,forcesapplying,elementselection,meshingtechnique,etc.
PartI:VehicleSystemDynamicsIntroductionDamperSecondary
suspensionPrimarysuspensionPartI:VehicleSystemDynamicsIntroductionSecondary
suspensionPrimarysuspensionPartI:VehicleSystemDynamicsIntroductionBogiesPartI:VehicleSystemDynamicsIntroductionConed
wheelFlangeRailSleeperSolidaxlePartI:VehicleSystemDynamics§1CausesofVehicleVibrationRelatedtotrack1.Dippedjointsofrails
§1CausesofVehicleVibration2.TrackVerticalDeflection§1CausesofVehicleVibration3.TracklocalirregularitylateralcurvatureverticalcurvaturesuperelevationswitchrailcorrugationrailwearBallastirregularity(causedbytemperaturevariation)
§1CausesofVehicleVibration4.TrackRandomirregularityGage:(yl-yr)/2Crosslevel:(zl-zr)/2alignment:(yl+yr)/2VerticalProfile:(zl+zr)/2§1CausesofVehicleVibration4.TrackRandomirregularity§1CausesofVehicleVibration4.TrackRandomirregularityGage:
nominalgauge1435mm,,gaugewillbewidenedaccordingcurveradius(<600m),butshouldnotbegreater6mmthenthenominalvalue,and2mmlessthenthatvalue;Crosslevel:
在正线及到发线上,不得超出4mm,其他线上不得超出6mm;
alignment:
用10m弦线测量,正线不得超出4mm,站线及专用线不得超出6mm;VerticalProfile:
大修后旳线路,用10m弦线测量,正线不得超出4mm,站线及专用线不得超出6mm;§1CausesofVehicleVibrationRelatedtoVehicleEccentricWheelMassNon-uniformofWheelFlatWheelHuntingofTaperedWheelsetCausesRelatedtoVehicle
Eccentricwheel
verticalmovementofwheelsetaxlecenter:
V-vehiclerunningspeedr0–wheelnominalradiusT–timeelapsedW–wheelangularvelocityCausesRelatedtoVehicleMassnon-uniformUnbalancedforceproduced:Mw–wheelweight
θt–initialphaseanglev-vehiclerunningspeedr0–wheelnominalradiust–timeelapsedWhenrunningspeed>120Km/h,unbalancedvalueshouldbelessthen75g.m.
CausesRelatedtoVehicleFlatwheel
Whenwheelhasflatarea,momentumactedonwheel:Mw–wheelweight
V-vehiclerunningspeedItsperiodicaltime:CausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelsetLateraldeflectionyYawangleCausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelsetConed
wheelFlangeRailSleeperSolidaxleCausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelsetDirectionoftravelCausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelset当分析自由轮正确蛇行运动时,作如下假设:1、轮对无任何约束,单独在轨道上滚动;2、钢轨顶部呈刀刃状,而且是两根平行直线;3、轮对是两个对称锥体,轮轨间无任何相对滑动;4、不计轮对上旳任何作用力和惯性力;则经过推导,轮正确运动方程为:CausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelsetwhere:V–Runningspeed;W-angularfrequency:b–halfofwheelsetnominalrollingradiusdistancer0–nominalrollingradius
λ0–effectivewheelconicity
CausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelsetHuntingperiodicaltime:Huntingwavelength:
asbincreases,Lwincreases,soweakeristhehuntingThesametor0whenλ0increases,Lwdecreases,sostrongeristhehuntingCausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelsetDirectionoftravelCausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelsetThewheelsaremadeconical,thesmallercircumferenceattheouteredge.Thepairofwheelsarefixedtotheaxleandthusifanythingthrowsthewheelsintheslightestdegreetoonesidethewheelisimmediatelyrollingonalargercircumferencethantheotherandthetendencytorollbackisintroduced.Thecarriageiskeptalwaysinthemiddleofthetrack.Abeautifularrangement.Theflangesareanecessaryprecautionbuttheyoughtnevertotouchtherailandthereforetheycannotbesaidtokeepthewheelsontherails.Theyoughtnottocomeintoactionexcepttomeetanaccidental,lateralforce.IsambardKingdomBrunel–in1838:CausesRelatedtoVehicleHuntingofTaperedWheelsetGeorgeStephenson–in1821:Itmustunderstoodtheformofedgerailwaywheelsareconicalthatistheouterisratherlessthantheinnerdiameterabout3/16ofaninch.Thenfromasmallirregularityoftherailwaythewheelsmaybethrownalittletotherightoralittletotheleft,whentheformerhappenstherightwheelwillexposealargeandtheleftonesmallerdiametertothebearingsurfaceoftherailwhichwillcausethelattertoloosegroundoftheformerbutatthesameti
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