过去完成时和虚拟语气讲解和练习

PAGE试卷第=2页，总=sectionpages22页PAGE6过去完成时注意：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，动作发生的时间是"过去的过去".它是一个相对的时态，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。

E.g.Bytheendofthematch，theyhadkickedtwogoals.

Wehadalreadyhadlunchbeforewearrivedthere.

其结构是"had+过去分词".它的否定句是在had后边加not，变一般疑问句是把had提前。

E.g.Ihadreachedthestationbefore9：00o'clock.

Ihadnotreachedthestationbefore9：00o'clock.

Hadyoureachedthestationbefore9：00o'clock？

它通常和before，bytheendof等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。1.由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1）by+过去的时间点。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.（2）bytheendof+过去的时间点。如：WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.（3）before+过去的时间点。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.2.由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（1）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.（2）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.（3）表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.3.根据上、下文来判定。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.单项选择1．Heaskedme_____duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeen

B.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeen

D.wherehadIgone2.What____Jane____bythetimehewassever?A.did,do

B.has,

done

Cdid,did.

D.had,

done3.I______900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learned

B.waslearning

C.hadlearned

D.learnt4.She______livedherefor______years.A.had,

afew

B.has,

several

C.had,

alotof

D.has,

agreatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_____thedinneralready.Ahadcooked

B.cooked

C.havecooked

D.wascooked6.Shesaidshe__________theprinciplealreadyA.hasseen

B.saw

C.willsee

D.hadseen7.Shesaidherfamily_______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,from

B.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,with

D.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he_________.A.

hascompleteduniversity

B.hascompletedtheuniversityB.

hadcompletedanuniversity

D.hadcompleteduniversity9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks______theendoflastyear.A.for

B.in

C.by

D.at10.He_____toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,piano

B.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepiano

D.learns,piano.用动词的适当形式填空1.We_____________(paint)thehousebeforewe______________(move)in.2.Thatricholdman_____________(make)awillbeforehe_____________(die).3.They_____________(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey________(leave).4.Therobbers_____________(runaway)beforethepolicemen_______

(arrive).5.I__________(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI____________(go)tobed.6.Paul__________(go)outwithJaneafterhe__________(make)

aphonecall.虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：

一、与现在事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1.动词过去式(或were)2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形ShouldWould+动词原形couldmightIfhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.

二.与将来事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1.

should+动词原形2.

动词过去式3、wereto+动词原形ShouldWould+动词原形couldmightIfyoushouldlose,whatwouldyoudo?IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldtellherthetruth.虚拟语气专项练习1．--Willyoucometotheparty?__________youalsoinviteBlade.A.WhynotB.OnlyifC.IfnotD.When2．IfI_______you,I_______gothere.A.is;willB.is;wouldC.were;wouldD.was;will3．Ifitraintomorrow，We’llgoonatrip.A.isn’tB.doesn’tC.won’t4．Idon’tknowifhe_______tomorrow.A.WillcomeB.comesC.cameD.hascome5．TheheadmasterwithhisstudentsHangzhouParadiseParkifittomorrow.A.isgoingto;isn’trainyB.aregoingto;isn’trainyC.isgoingto;won’trainD.aregoingto;doesn’train6．IfI________amilliondollars,Iwouldgiveittomedicalresearch.A.willhave B.have C.had D.amhaving7．IfI_______you,Iwouldsayanotherstudentcoulddoitbetter.A.wasB.wereC.wereD.are8．—Whatwouldyoudoifyouthelottery? —Igivehalfofthemoneytocharities. A.win,will B.win,would C.won,will D.won,would9．Iamtoobusynow.IfI____free,I____tothecinemawithyou.A.am;willgoB.am;wouldgoC.were;wouldgoD.was;wasgoing10．What_____youdoifyouhadamilliondollars?A.wouldB.willC.didD.do11．—I’mgoingtoLarry’sparty.ButIdon’tknowwhattowear.—IfI___you,I_______wearadress.A.am;willB.were;willC.were;wouldD.am;would12．IfI___you,I___beafraid.A．was,wouldn’tB．were,won’tC．were,wouldn’t13．IfI____Alice,I_____themthetruth.A.was,wouldtellB.were,wouldtellC.am,willtellD.is,willtell14．IfI_______onemilliondollars,Iwouldgiveittomedicalresearch. IfI_______you,Iwouldgiveittocharity.A.willhave,am B.wouldhave,was C.had,were D.have,is15．IfI_______you,Iwould_______myhomeworkmyself.A.was;didB.am;do C.were;do D.is;didTranslation翻译

1.我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打电话给他了。

2.他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。

3.如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他？

会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。1.单项选择1．Heaskedme__A___duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone2.What_D___Jane____bythetimehewassever?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done3.I___C___900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt4.She___A___livedherefor______years.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I__A___thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked6.Shesaidshe__D________theprinciplealreadyA.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen7.Shesaidherfamily__B_____themselves______thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he___D______.A.hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversityB.hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks___C___theendoflastyear.A.forB.inC.byD.at10.He__B___toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.2.用动词的适当形式填空1.We___hadpainted____(paint)thehousebeforewemoved________(move)in.2.Thatricholdman__hadmade___(make)awillbeforehedied(die).3.They__hadstudyed_(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey_left___(leave).4.Therobbers_hadrunaway____(runaway)beforethepolicemenarrived(arrive).5.I__turnedoff_____(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI__went___(go)tobed.6.Paulwent(go)outwithJaneafterhe_made_____(make)aphonecall.参考答案1．B【解析】略2．C【解析】本题考查虚拟语气，if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用一般过去式，主句用过去将来时。句意：如果我是你的话，我会去那儿的。3．B【解析】这题考查时态的用法，if条件句中用一般现在时代替将来时，而且这里要填助动词的否定式，选B。4．A【解析】考查时态。tomorrow为将来的时间故用一般将来时态，所以选A。5．A【解析】考查主谓一致和if从句。with连接几个主语时，与第一个保持一致。排除B、D；if条件句用一般现在时代替将来时，排除C。句意“如果不下雨，班主任和同学明天将要去杭州天堂公园。”故选A。6．C【解析】这题考查if的非真实条件句的用法，如果和事实不符合，if条件句和主句要用虚拟语气，和现在的事实相反，if条件句用过去时，主句用woulddo，所以选C。句意是：如果我有1百万美元，我会把它给医学研究。7．B【解析】在if虚拟条件句中，be用were，故本题选B。8．D【解析】考查虚拟语气。If引导的条件状从指将来的情况，用过去式，should+do或用wereto+do结构；Igivehalfofthemoneytocharities.也是虚拟语气，省略了if条件状从，指将来，谓语用would+do。所以选D。9．C【解析】Cif从句用的是虚拟语气，与现实（很忙）相反时，虚拟语气用一般过去时，be统一用were，主句用woulddosth.10．A【解析】考查点：虚拟语气。解题思路：根据句意:如果你有一百万你将会干什么？“如果你有一百万”是对现在的一种假设，与现在的事实相反。