人教版必修8-Unit-5-Meeting-your-ancestors文档

人教版必修8-Unit-5-Meeting-your-ancestorsUnit5MeetingyourancestorsPeriod1-2ReadingTeachinggoals1.Targetlanguagea.archaeology,tentative,accuracy,excavate,interrupt,ornament,assume,regardless,sharpen,cutup,scrape,ample,primitive,preserve,bead,botany,botanical,analysis,specific,seashell,specificallyb.I’msorrytointerruptyoubuthowcouldtheylivehere?Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetersthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.Yes,indeed,asthebotanicalanalyseshaveshownus,allthefieldsaroundhereusedtobepartofalargeshallowlake.That’swhytheyarecalledhuntersandgatherers.2.AbilitygoalsEnablethestudentstotellthedifferencesbetweenmodernpeopleandPekingmanandlearnhowPekingmanlivedtheirlives.3.LearningabilitygoalsHelpthestudentslearnhowtotellthedifferencesbetweenmodernpeopleandPekingmanandlearnhowPekingmanlivedtheirlives.specialmaterials.S3:Pekingmanmighthavegotentertainmentfromnatureorfamilyget-together,whilemodernpeoplecanhaveagoodtimebywatchingTV,surfingtheInternetandtraveling.StepⅢReadingAfterlistening.T:NowtellmewhatyouhaveknownaboutZhoukoudianCaves?S1:Zhoukoudianisasmallvillagesituatedabout50kmsouthwestofBeijing.ThePekingManSiteisjustonthewestsideofZhoukoudianVillage.S2:InDecember1929,aChinesearchaeologistnamedPeiWenzhongdiscoveredacompleteskullof“PekingMan”onDragonBoneHillnorthwestofZhoukoudian,inthesouthwestsuburbsofBeijing.Later,archaeologistsunearthed40-oddindividuallyfossilizedskeletonsof“PekingMan”,male,female,oldandyoung,allatthesamesite.Zhoukoudian,therefore,becamethemostcommonsiteforhumanremainswiththemostabundantfossilsintheworld.ThediscoverypushedthehistoryofBeijing’scivilizationbacktosome600,000years.Thesefossilizedremainsprovethat“PekingMan”wasprimitivemaninanevolutionaryprocessfromancientapetomodernman,andistheancestoroftheChinesenation.S3:In1987,theZhoukoudiancaveswerelistedasoneoftheworldculturalheritagesites.SkimmingThisisanindividualwork.Askthestudentstoskimthetextandwritedownwhatthetextisaboutandthethreestagesofthearchaeologist’spartofthedialogue.T:First,I’dlikeyoutoskimthedialogueandthenwritedownwhatthetextisaboutandthethreestagesofthearchaeologist’spartofthedialogue.Twominuteslater,checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.S1:AnarchaeologistisshowingagroupofstudentsfromEnglandaroundtheZhoukoudianCavesandtellingthemsomethingabouttheCaves.S2:Stage1isabouthomesofPekingmaninZhou-koudianCaves,wheretheylive,howtheykeepwarm,cookfoodandscarewildanimalsaway.ScanningAskthestudentstoreadthetextandgetthemainideaofthedialogue.Andthenaskthemtowritedownthethreewaysinwhichthelifeofearlypeoplediffersfrommodernones.Askthemtoworkinpairsanddiscussthequestion.StepⅣPost-readingAskthestudentstofillinthechartonthelifeandhabitsofPekingmanonpage37andcompareitwiththelisttheymadeinthepre-reading.Whatdifferencesarethere?Givethestudents3minutestodiscusstheirconclusion.Thenchecktheanswers.Sampleanswers:Therearemanysimilarities.ButPekingManalsoconstructedfiresbywhichtheykeptwarm,cookedfoodandscaredwildanimalsaway.Theyusedneedlesmadeofbone.Besides,theyworenecklacemadeofanimalbonesorshells.Theytookpartintradeactivities.Andtheykilledanimalsforfood.StepⅤSummaryandhomeworkT:TodaywelearnedaboutZhoukoudianCavesandthelifeofPekingMan.Doyouthinkitisimportantforustoknowaboutthem?Why?S1:Yes,thefollowingfactshowsthatitisveryimportant:ZhoukoudianCaveswereformallyinscribedonthe“WorldHeritageList”inDecember1987attheeleventhsessionofUNESCOWorldHeritageCommittee.TheinscriptionofthePekingManSiteontheWorldHeritageListconfirmstheexceptionalanduniversalvalueoftheculturalsite,whichrequiresprotectionforthebenefitofallhumanity.ThesiteisthereforenotonlyofChina,butalsooftheworldasawhole.T:Good.Nowtoday’shomework:1)Gooverthetext;2)WriteabriefintroductiontotheZhoukoudianCaves.Period3-4LanguagestudyTeachinggoals1.TargetlanguageGrammar:Presentperfectcontinuoustense.2.AbilitygoalsEnablethestudentstousethepresentperfectcontinuoustense.3.LearningabilitygoalsHelpthestudentslearnhowtousethepresentperfectcontinuoustense.Teachingimportant&difficultpointsHowtousethepresentperfectcontinuoustense.TeachingmethodsExplanationandpractice.TeachingaidsAprojectorandacomputer.Teachingprocedures&waysStepⅠRevisionCheckthehomework.Letsomestudentsreadtheirwork.Asampleversion:AbriefintroductiontotheZhoukoudianCavesZhoukoudianisasmallvillagesituatedabout50kmsouthwestofBeijingIn1928,DrC.C.Young,afamousChinesepaleontologist,andWenzhongPei,ayoungChinesegeologistjoinedtheexcavation.TwolowerjawsofPekingManwereunearthedinthisyear.Tomaketheexcavationmoresuccessful,DrWengandDrBlackestablished“CenozoicResearchLaboratory”in1929.ThePekingManSitealsoprovidesthemoreprecisescientificdataforthestudyoftheevolution,behaviour.OnthewesternsideofZhoukoudianVillage,therearetwoparallelhills.TheoneontheeastislowerandcalledDragon-boneHill.Zhoukoudianisarelicofprimitiveculture,48kilometerssouthwestofdowntownBeijing,whereLonggushan(dragonskeletonmountain)isstanding.Severaldecadesago,localfarmersminedlimestoneinZhoukoudian,cameuponsomebonefossilsandcalledthem“theDragonBones”.Zhoukoudianbecameknownas“DragonBoneMountain”.Drugstorespurchasedthebonesasamedicalingredient.Thenewsaboutthe“magicbones”drewattentionofscientists.In1929theselimestonecavesbecameworldfamouswiththediscoveryofaskullandtwoteethdatingback200,000to500,000years.TheywerenamedPekingman.ThehistoricalandculturalvalueoftheZhoukoudiansitehasbeenacknowledgedbyitslistingasaWorldHeritageSiteinDecember1987attheeleventhsessionofUNESCO.StepⅡLead-inAskthestudentstopointoutthesentencesthatcontainthestructureasin“Wehavebeenexcavatinghereformanyyears...”Samplesentences:1.Wehavebeenfindingthebonesoftigersandbearsinthecavesandwethinktheseweretheirmostdangerousenemies.2.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetersthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.3.Yes,indeed,asthebotanicalanalyseshavebeenspecificallyshowingus,allthefieldsaroundhereusedtobepartofalargeshallowlake.T:Whatisthesamestructureinthesesentences?S:“have/hasbeendoing...”T:Yes,inthisunit,wewilllearn“have/hasbeendoingsth.”Thatisthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.StepⅢExplanationPresentPerfectContinuous[HAS/HAVE]+[BEEN]+[V+ing]Examples:Ihavebeenwaitingherefortwohours.ShehasonlybeenstudyingEnglishfortwoyears.Note:WhenyouareusingaverbtensewithmorethanonepartsuchasPresentPerfectContinuous(hasbeenstudying),adverbsoftencomebetweenthefirstpartandthesecondpart(hasonlybeenstudying).Use1DurationfromthePastuntilNowT:WeusethePresentPerfectContinuoustoshowthatsomethingstartedinthepastandhascontinuedupuntilnow.“forfiveminutes”,“fortwoweeks”,and“sinceTuesday”arealldurationswhichcanbeusedwiththePresentPerfectContinuous.Lookatthefollowingexamples.Showthefollowing.Theyhavebeentalkingforthelasthour.Shehasbeenworkingatthatcompanyforthreeyears.JameshasbeenteachingattheUniversitysinceJune.Use2Recently,LatelyT:YoucanusethePresentPerfectContinuouswithoutadurationsuchas“forfiveminutes”,“fortwoweeks”,and“sinceTuesday”.Withoutthedurations,thetensegivesamoregeneralmeaningof“lately”.Weoftenusethewords“lately”or“recently”inthesentencetostrengthenthismeaning.Nowreadtheseexamples.Showthefollowing.Recently,Ihavebeenfeelingreallytired.Shehasbeenwatchingtoomuchtelevisionlately.Maryhasbeenfeelingalittledepressed.ImportantT:RememberthatthePresentPerfectContinuoushasthemeaningof“lately”or“recently.”IfthePresentPerfectContinuousisusedinaquestionsuchas“Haveyoubeenfeelingalright?”,itsuggeststhatthepersonlookssickorunhealthy.Aquestionsuchas“Haveyoubeensmoking?”suggeststhatyoucansmellthesmokeontheperson.Usingthistenseinaquestionsuggestsyoucansee,smell,hear,orfeeltheresultsoftheaction.Itispossibletoinsultsomeonebyusingthistenseincorrectly.Important:Non-ContinuousVerbs/MixedVerbsT:ItisimportanttorememberthatNon-ContinuousVerbscannotbeusedinanycontinuoustenses.Also,certainnon-continuousmeaningsforMixedVerbscannotbeusedincontinuoustenses.ToexpresstheideaofPresentPerfectContinuouswiththeseexceptionverbs,youmustusePresentPerfect.Herearesomeexamples.Showthefollowing.Samhasbeenhavinghiscarfortwoyears.(NotCorrect)Samhashadhiscarfortwoyears.(Correct)Active/PassivePresentPerfectContinuousExamples:Recently,Johnhasbeendoingthework.(Active)Recently,workhasbeenbeingdonebyJohn.(Passive)Note:PresentPerfectContinuousisrarelyusedinitspassiveform.StepⅣConsolidationShowtheseexercisesonthescreen.1.Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.I’mtired.I____inthelivingroomallday.A. painted B.hadpaintedC. havebeenpainting D.havepainted2.Thereissomuchsnowthesedays,isn’tthere?Yes,it____forafewdays.A. wassnowing B.hasbeensnowingC. hadbeensnowing D.snowed3.Althoughthesescientists____ontheprojectfornearlyfouryears,Idon’tknowhowlongitwilllast.A. havebeenworking B.hadworkedC. wereworking D.areworking4.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy____goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.A. hadconsidered B.hasbeenconsideringC. considered D.isgoingtoconsider5.Thelittleboyisdirtyfromheadtofootbecausehe____inthemudallmorning.A.hasplayed B.isplayingC.hasbeenplaying D.wasplayingKey:1.C2.B3.A4.B5.CStepⅤPracticeAskthestudentstoworkinpairs,andtaketurnstoreadthestatementandturnitintoaquestionusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.1.S1:Samhasjustfinishedlearningtoflyanairplaneonsix-monthcourse.(Howlong)S2:Howlonghaveyoubeenlearningtoflyanairplane,Sam?2.S1:Heswamtillhefeltverytired.Hehasjuststeppedoutoftheswimmingpool.(Howalong)S2:Howlonghashebeenswimmingintheswimmingpool?3.S1:SallyandZhouXinhavebeenbusyallday.(What)S2:WhathaveSallyandZhouXinbeendoingallday?4.S1:Theyhavearguedeachotherforyearsaboutthebestwaytogrowpotatoes.(What)S2:Aboutwhathaveyoubeenarguingwitheachotherforyears?5.S1:JailYangusesaparticularkindofwashingpowderandhisclotheshavealwaysbeencleanandsoft.(What)S2:Whatkindofwashingpowderhaveyoubeenusingtomakeyourclothescleanandsoft,JailYang?StepⅥHomeworkWordstudyexercisesareassignedashomework.Studentsareaskedtofinishthemafterclass.Andaskthestudentstolearnusefulwordsandexpressionsbyheartandpracticethem.Finishexercises1and2onpages40and79.Period5-6IntegratingskillsTeachinggoals1.Targetlanguagea.lookahead,accelerate,arrest,dizzy,relief,eyebrow,cheekbonearrowhead,axe,division,affection,affectionate,patient,skilful,exhaustingb.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetter!Shecouldseehermotherandauntspreparingthemeatofdeerandpigoverthefive.2.AbilitygoalsEnablethestudentstodescribethelifeofearlypeople.3.LearningabilitygoalsHelpthestudentslearnhowtodescribeearlypeople’slife.Teachingimportant&difficultpointsEnablethestudentstoknowmoreabouttheearlypeople’slifeanddescribeit.TeachingmethodsTask-basedteachingmethod,readinganddiscussion.TeachingaidsArecorder,aprojectorandacomputer.Teachingprocedures&waysStepⅠRevisionCheckthehomework.Askthestudentstorecitesomeusefulwordsandexpressions.StepⅡLead-inT:Inthepreviousperiod,welearnedsomethingaboutthelifeofPekingman.PekingManlifeispartofourancientancestors.Whataboutthegeneralancestors’life?Nowturntopage43andlookatthepicturesandthinkwhattheseearlypeoplearedoing?S1:Somearepreparingfood.S2:Oneismakingtoolsbysharpenedstonetoolsandscraper.T:Good.Fromthepicture,wecanlearnsomethingaboutearlypeople’slife.Nowreadthepassageandfindoutwhatthelifewaslike.StepⅢReadingPlaythetapeforthestudentstolisten.Atthesametime,thestudentsareaskedtofindtheanswerstothefollowingquestions.1.WhichjobsdidDahudo?2.WhichjobsdidLalado?3.Whoworkscooperativelyandwhodoestasksalone?4.Whodoesthemostdangeroustasks?5.Wheredoesthedangercomefrom?Afterlisteningtothetape,thestudentsdiscusstheabovequestionsingroupsandthentrytofindtheanswerstotheabovequestions.Sampleanswers:1.Tomaketools,tocatchfish,tocutupthemeat,toscrapethefish,towelcometheguests.2.Tocollectnutsandfruit,topreparethemeatoverthefire.3.Bothmenandwomenworkcooperatively.Forexample,Lala’smotherandauntswerepreparingthemeatofdeerandpigoverthefire.Mendotasksalone.4.Mendothemostdangeroustasks.5.Thedangercomesfromthewildanimals.StepⅣPost-readingT:Fromthereadingpassage,wecanseethatlongagomenandwomenhadquiteseparateresponsibilities.Ingroupsdiscusswhatthepossibleworkdivisionwasbetweenmenandwomenatthattime.Afterafewminutes,checktheanswers.Sampleanswers:Men’stasks:makingtools,fishing,makingfire,protectingthefamilyfromwildanimals,cuttingupmeat.Women’stasks:collectingnutsandfruit,makingandsewingclothes,lookingafterbaby,preparingfood,doinghousework.T:Nowlookcloselyatthetasksaboveanddiscusswhichadjectivesbestdescribeeachofthem.Giveyourreasons.Sampleanswers:adjectivesbestdescribethewomen:caring,affectionate,safe,co-operativeadjectivesbestdescribethemen:protective,dangerous,patient,individual,exhaustingS1:ThefactthatwhenLalasatdownabruptly,shewasscoopedupbyhersistershowswomenwerecaring.Womenweresafebecausetheyusuallystayedinsidethecavespreparingfoodoverthefire.S2:Whenmenwentoutfishingandhunting,womenstayedinsidepreparingfood.Sotheywerebothco-operative.S3:WhenDahuwentbackwithfishoverhisshoulder,andtookthestonescrapersfromLala,hesmiledandwentoutsidethecave.FromDahu’sbehavior,wecaninfermenwereaffectionate.S4:FromthedescriptionsaboutDahu,suchas“carried”,“smiled”,“lookedcarefully”,“wenttoacorner”,“pulledoutmoretools”,“choseonelargestone”,“begantohit...”,wecanseemenwerepatient,andoftendidindividualwork.Theydidsomanythingsandtheirworkwasdangerousandexhausting.…T:Goodwork.Weoftenuseadjectivestodescribethingsandpeople.Ifwehavetwoormoreadjectives,howcanyouarrangetheseadjectives?Lookatthefollowingexercise:Showthefollowing.Whatsurprisedhimmosthappened____Sundaymorning.A.inacoldrainy B.onacoldrainyC.inarainycold D.onarainycoldT:Whichwillyouchoose?Iftherearemoreadjectives,whatwillbetheorder?Nowlookatthefollowingchart.Showthefollowing.123456Size ShapeColorOriginMaterialUseAShort Slim Black BritishGirlASmall BlueChineseServingDishForexample:anicelongnewblackBritishplasticpen.somebeautifullittleredflowers.Practice:1.(2004江苏32)The____housesmellsasifithasn’tbeenlivedinforyears.A.littlewhitewooden B.littlewoodenwhite C. whitewoodenlittle D.woodenwhitelittle2.(2004辽宁22）JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusbusinessman,hasa____car.A. largeGermanwhite B.largewhiteGermanC.whitelargeGerman D.GermanLargewhite3.(2005北京23）This____girlisLinda’scousin.A. prettylittleSpanish B.SpanishLittleprettyC.Spanishprettylittle D.littleprettySpanish4.(2004浙江24)____studentsarerequiredtotakepartintheboatrace.A. TenstrongyoungChineseB.TenChinesestrongyoungC.ChinesetenyoungstrongD.YoungstrongtenChineseAfterafewminutes,checktheanswerstogether.Key:1.A2.B3.A4.AStepⅤHomeworkPracticeusingtwoormoreadjectivestodescribetheSanxingduiRuinsobjectsonpage44.Period7-8IntegratingskillsTeachinggoals1.Targetlanguagehint,hut,archaeologicaldiscovery,seal,marvelous,insignia,intestines2.AbilitygoalsEnablethestudentstowritetwoparagraphssolvingtwoarchaeologicalproblems.3.LearningabilitygoalsHelpthestudentslearnhowtowritetwoparagraphssolvingtwoarchaeologicalproblems.TeachingimportantpointsHowtowritetwoparagraphssolvingtwoarchaeologicalproblems.TeachingdifficultpointsLearntosolvetwoarchaeologicalproblems.TeachingmethodsListening,writinganddiscussion.TeachingaidsArecorder,aprojectorandacomputer.Teachingprocedures&waysStepⅠRevisionCheckthehomework.Askthestudentstoshowtheirwork.Asampleversion:ThefirstpictureisBronzeSacredTree.Thewholeheightofthesacredtreeis395cm.Therearethreekindsoffruitoneverybranch,includingpeaches.ThesacredtreeinSanxingduisymbolizesFishingandRoom,whichisconsideredtobeconnectedwiththeHeavenandtheEarth.ThesecondoneisBronzeAnimal-faceImageandthethirdoneisabird-shapedornament.Thefacesarealmostthesame:allwithsword-shapedeyebrows,chestnuteyes,toweringnosesandopenmouths;butthehairstylesaredifferentfromeachother.Somebustsarebald,whileotherswearacrown;somehavehaircoiledupandsomewearhairclasps;butallarelively.Somanybonzesaresuretobeacollectionofworshipedimages,representingpeopleofimperialofleakinggroups.TheyreflectthecharacteroftheancientShunsocietyinwhichgodsandhumansareconsideredtobeconnectedwitheachother,andalsopoliticsandrelation.Thebonzeanimalsculpturesofdragons,snakes,biers,chicks,arevivid.TheyreflecttheancientShunpeople’sideologythatallthingshavespiritsandshowtheirsinceritytogods.Amongthem,thesinceritytobirdsisthecore.Biers,suchasCinching,You,Day,etc,arethenamesofseveralancientShundynasties.Biersareregardedasthesymbolofthesun.Thelastoneisapotterypot,whichis579×924,170Kb.Itisusedtocontainwaterorwine.StepⅡListeningandreadingFirstaskthestudentstoreadthepassageandworkouttheanswerstothequestionsinPart2onpage83.T:HowardCarterwasanEnglisharchaeologistandEgyptologist.HewasmostfamousasthediscovererofKV62,thetombofTutankhamun.OnNovember4,1922CarterfoundTutankhamen’stomb,byfarthebestpreservedtombeverfoundintheValleyoftheKings.Nowreadaboutitandfindouttheanswerstothequestionsonpage83.Sampleanswers:1.Theroomorburialchamberwiththeking’sbodycontainedboxesofallshapesandsizes.Oneheldtheking’sbodyandhadhisnameonit,sotheyknewwhosetombitwas.2.Becausetheyfoundthemarvelouscollectionoftreasuresinthetomb,butdidnotknowanythingaboutit.3.Thiswasverysignificantasitwasclearlyatombofsomebodyimportant,andithadnotbeenrobbed.AskthestudentstolistentotherecordingandfillinthechartinPart1.Afterlisteningtothetape,thestudentshave2minutestoscanthepassageandthenfillinthechart.2minuteslater,checktheanswers.Sampleanswers:ObjectMaterialColourDecorationThestatuesoftheking…StrangeShoesGold…Boxes…BeautifullypaintedRoyalinsigniaGold…Lahars…DecoratedwiththeheadofanimalsandgodsFlowers……Vases…DecoratedwithsomebeautifulChests…WhiteflowerdesignsSeat…Golden…CartGold…ForthePharaohThenletthestudentsdiscusshowtosecureandprotectthesite.T:Nowdoyouthinkhowcanweprotectthesite?Givethestudentsseveralminutestodiscussthisproblem.Whentheclassdiscussionisover,voteonthebestideasforsecuringandprotectingthesite.Possibleideasforsecuringandprotectingthesite:1.Removetherubbish.2.Don’tthrowthingsroundthesite.3.Encourageotherstoprotectthesite.T:OK.Somuchforthispassage.StepⅢWritingT:Nowturntopage85andlookatthepicturesandquestionsbelowthem.Firstdiscussthesequestionsbelowthepictures.Threeminuteslater,checkthediscussion.S1:TheordershouldbeBAC.S2:TheearliestpyramidisB,whichiscalledsteppyramid.ItwasbuiltduringtheThirdDynasty(2800B.C.).Steppyramidisge