上海中学高三英语周练二

上海中学高三英语周练2GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheblanks,useoneworldthatbestfitseachblank.(A)Exercisemakesyouworkupanappetite,right?Notaccordingtonewresearch,whichshowsthatabrisk45-minuteworkoutinthemorningactuallydecreasesaperson’sdesireforfood.Saywhat?ScientistsatBrighamYoungUniversityput35womenthroughavigorousmorningwalkonatreadmill,thenmeasuredtheirbrainwaveactivityastheyviewedimagesoffood. Theexperiment__25__(repeat)twodayslater,thistimewithouttheworkout.Theresult:Onworkoutdays,thesubject’sneuralactivitywas__26__(responsive)tofoodthannon-workoutdays,buttheyareaboutthesameamount.Theresultswereconsistentforobeseandnormalweightsubjects,__27__(suggest)thatthecommonassumption__28__exercisemakesyouhungrydoesn’thold.Whilethisisoneofthefirststudies__29__(measure)neuralactivitiesafterexercise,scientistsstillneedtodeterminehowlongthediminishedinterestinfood__30__lastpost-exercise.Ifyouwanttotrytheexperimenton__31__,makesureyourworkoutisprettyvigorous.Previousresearchhasfoundthatintenseaerobicexercise,likejogging,maysuppress( 压抑)yourappetiteforuptothreehours__32__reducinglevelsofhungerhormonesproducedinyourtummy.Sothenexttimehungerpangsmakesithardforyoutostickwithyourdiet,tryboostingtheintensityofyourworkouts.(B)IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar__33__(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIfoundmyself__34__(surround)bythevillagerswhowerearguingasto__35__shouldhavethehavethehonorofreceivingme__36__aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme__37__(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometresaway__38__therewasagarage.Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostess’scourtyardandthatnightoneof__39__endedupinadishonmytable.Villagersbroughtmegoat'scheeseandbone.Wedranktogetherandtalkedmerrilytillfarintothenight.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman__40__thetroubleIhadcausedthere.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.rewardB.ignoreC.uniqueD.completeE.perseveringAB.solutionAC.rideAD.recoveryAE.brushBC.challenging BD.deadlineWhatisyourdream?Whatisthegoalthatyouhavesetforyourselfandareworkingtoachieve?Realizingyourdreamsisnotaneasy__41__.LastfallIdecidedtowriteanewbookformypublisher.Writingabookisa__42__goal,whichgotofftoaterrificstartlastOctober.Thewritingisflowingwell.ThenIgotsick.Infact,IgotillthatIneededsurgeryandthe__43__waslongandexhausting.IdidnotworkfromthefirstweekofNovemberuntilthesecondweekofJanuary.BythenIwasnervousaboutmeetingtheApril__44__forsubmittingthenewmanuscripttomypublisher.Worried,Iaskedmyauthorfriendsforsomehelp,andtheygavemethiskeypieceofadvice,"Let'sstartwriting!”theyallsaid.SoIdid.Itwasnotanimmediate__45__tomydepression,butafterafewweeksof__46__,Igotbacktonormal.SeveralpeopleinmycircleofsupportershelpedmemakesomegoodconnectionsandIgotthebook__47__,andtothepublisherontime.Itwasanexcitinggoalformetoreach,soItookmyfamilytoHawaiiasmy__48__.Sometimesyou__49__yourowndreamsbecauseofself-doubt,fear,orexternalcomplications.Youcanthinkofmanydifferentexcusesto__50__thosedreamsaside,but,ifyougoafteryourdreams,yourworldwillbecomemoreexcitingandyouwillbegintoliveamorepassionateandmeaningfullife.So,now,takeaminutetowritedownthreegoalsyouwanttoaccomplishthisyear.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirectionsForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphasemarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitthecontext.Inbusiness,thereisaspeeddifference：It’sthedifferencebetweenhowimportantafirm’sleaderssayspeedistotherecompetitivestrategy(策略)andhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves.Thedifferenceisimportant__51__industryandcompanysize.Companiesfearfuloflosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoneylookingforwaystopickupthe__52__.Inourstudyof343businesses,thecompaniesthatchosetogo,go,gototrytogainanedgeendedwithlowersalesandoperatingincomesthanthosethat__53__atkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontheright__54__,What'smore,thefirmsthat"sloweddownto__55__"improvedtheirtopandbottomlines,averaging40%highersalesand52%higheroperatingincomesoverathree-yearsperiod.Howdidthey__56__thelawsofbusiness,takingmoretimethancompetitorsyetperformingbetter?Theythought__57__aboutwhat"slower"and"faster"mean.Firmssometimes__58__tounderstandthedifferencebetweenoperationspeed(movingquickly)andstrategicspeed(reducingthetimeittakestodelivervalue).Simplyincreasingthespeedofproduction,forexample,maybeonewaytotrytoreducethespeeddifference.Butthatoftenleadstoreducedvalueovertime,intheformoflower-qualityproductsandservices.Inourstudy,highperformingcompanieswithstrategicspeedalwaysmadechangeswhenitis__59__. Theybecamemore__60__toideaanddiscussion.Theyencouragednewwaysofthinking. Andtheyallowedtimetolookandlearn.__61__,performancesufferedatfirmsthatmovedfastallthetime,paidtoomuchattentiontoimproving__62__,stucktotestedmethods,didn’tdevelopteamspiritamongtheiremployees,andhadlittletimethinkingabout__63__.Strategicspeed__64__asakindofleadership.Teamsthat__65__taketimetogetthingsrightaremoresuccessfulinmeetingtheirbusinessgoals.Thatkindofstrategymustcomefromthetop.51.A.accordingtoB.regardlessofC.duetoD.insteadof52.A.profitB.productC.speedD.method53.A.pausedB.developedC.perseveredD.engaged54.A.situationB.trackC.occasionD.duty55.A.lookonB.keepupC.holdbackD.speedup56.A.learnB.discoverC.disobeyD.prefer57.A.strangelyB.abstractlyC.entirelyD.differently58.A.failB.attemptC.pretendD.desire59.A.convenientB.necessaryC.emergentD.incredible60.A.alertB.restlessC.openD.specific

A.InshortA.welfareA.qualitiesA.servesasA.InshortA.welfareA.qualitiesA.servesasA.temporarilyB.BycontrastB.technologyB.standardsB.standsforB.extensivelyC.AboveallC.efficiencyC.competitorsC.referstoC.naturallyD.AllinallD.conditionD.changesD.dealswithD.regularlySectionBDirection:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)FredericMishkin,who'sbeenaprofessoratColumbiaBusinessSchoolforalmost30years,isgoodatsolvingproblemsandexpressingideas.Whetherhe'sstandinginfrontofalecturehallorengagedinacasualconversation,hishandsarealwayswavingandpointing.Whenhewasingraduateschool,oneofhisprofessorswassoannoyedbythisconstantgesturingthathemadetheyoungeconomistsitonhishandswheneverhevisitedtheprofessor'soffice.Itturnsout,however,thatMishkin'sprofessorhaditexactlywrong.Gesturedoesn'tpreventbutpromotesclearthoughtandspeech.Researchdemonstratesthatthemovementswemakewithourhandswhenwetalkformakindofsecondlanguage,addinginformationthat'sabsentfromourwords.It'slearning'ssecretcode:Gesturerevealswhatweknow.Itrevealswhatwedon'tknow.What'smore,theagreement(orlackofagreement)betweenwhatourvoicessayandhowourhandsmoveoffersacluetoourreadinesstolearn.ManyofthestudiesestablishingtheimportanceofgesturetolearninghavebeenconductedbySusanGoldin-Meadow,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofChicago."Wechangeourmindsbymovingourhands,"writesGoldin-Meadowinareviewofthiswork.Particularlysignificantarewhatshecalls"mismatches"betweenoralexpressionandphysicalgestures.Astudentmightsaythataheavierballfallsfasterthanalightone,forexample,butmakeagestureindicatingthattheyfallatthesamerate,whichiscorrect.Suchdifferencesindicatethatwe'removingfromonelevelofunderstandingtoanother.Thethoughtsexpressedbyhandmotionsareoftenournewestandmostadvancedideasabouttheproblemwe'reworkingon;wecan'tyetabsorbtheseconceptsintolanguage,butwecancapturetheminmovement.Goldin-Meadow'smorerecentworkstrewsnotonlythatgestureshowsourreadinesstolearn,butthatitactuallyhelpstobringlearningabout.Itdoessointwoways.First,itelicits(弓［出)helpfulbehaviorfromothersaroundus. Goldin-Meacbwhasfoundthatadultsrespondtochildren'sspeech-gesturemismatchesbyadjustingtheirwayofinstruction.Parentsandteachersapparentlyreceivethesignalthatchildrenarereadytolearn,andtheyactonitbyofferingagreatervarietyofproblem-solvingtechniques.Theactofgesturingitselfalsoseemstoquickenlearning,bringingnewknowledgeintoconsciousnessandaidingtheunderstandingofnewconcepts.A2007studybySusanWagnerCook,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIowa,reportedthatthird-graderswhowereaskedtogesturewhilelearningalgebra（代数）werenearlythreetimesmorelikelytorememberwhatthey'dlearnedthanclassmateswhodidnotgesture.AccordingtoParagraph1,FredericMishkinwasaskedtositonhishandsbecause.A.hecouldlitterexpresshisideasthatwayhealwayspointedhisfingerathisprofessorhisprofessordidnotlikehisgesturinghisgesturespreventedhisprofessorfromthinkingHowisgesturingimportantinacquiringknowledge?Itdrawstastefulresponsesfromothersandincreaseslearningspeed.Itpromotessecondlanguagelearningandquickensthinking.Itprovidessignificantcluesforsolvingacademicproblems.D.Itreducesstudents'relianceonteachers'instruction.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutgesture-speechmismatches?Theycanstimulateourcreativity.Instructorsshouldmakefulluseofthem.Teacherscanhardlyexplainnewconceptswithoutthem.Theyserveasasteppingstonetosolvingreallifeproblems.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.HandMotions,aSecondLanguageGesturing:SignalofUnderstandingNewUsesofGesturingD.TheSecretCodeofLearning（B）ThecoastoftheStateofMaineisoneofthemostirregularintheworld. Astraightlinerunningfromthesouthernmostcoastalcitytothenorthernmostcoastalcitywouldmeasureabout225miles.Ifyoufollowedthecoastlinebetweenthesepoints,youwouldtravelmorethantentimesasfar.Thisirregularityistheresultofwhatiscalledadrownedcoastline.Thetermcomesfromtheglacial（冰川的）activityoftheIceAge.Atthattime,thewholeareathatisnowMainewaspartofamountainrangethattoweredabovethesea. Astheglacierdescended,however,itappliedenormousforceonthosemountains,andtheysankintothesea.Asthemountainssank,oceanwaterchargedoverthelowestpartsoftheremainingland.Andthehighestpartsoftheformermountainrange,nearesttheshore,remainedasislands.Marinefossilsfoundhereare225feetabovesealevelindicatingtheleveloftheshorelinepriortotheglacier.The2,500-mile-longrockyandjaggedcoastlineofMainekeepswatchovernearly2,000islands.Manyoftheseislandsaretinyanduninhabited,butmanyarehometobloomingcommunities.Mt.DesertIslandisoneofthelargest,mostbeautifuloftheMainecoastislandsleftbehindbytheglacier.Measuring16milesby12miles,Mt.Desertwasverynearlyformedastwodistinctislands.ItissplitalmostinhalfbySomesSound,averydeepandverynarrowstretchofwatersevenmileslong.Foryears,Mt.DesertIsland,particularlyitsmajorsettlement,BarHarbor,hasaffordedsummerhomesforthewealthy.Recently,though,BarHarborhasbecomeanewartscommunityaswell.ButthebestpartoftheislandistheunspoiledforestlandknownasAcadiaNationalPark.Sincetheislandsitsontheborderbetweentwodifferentgeographicalzones,theparksupportstheplantsandanimalsofbothzones.Italsoliesinamajorbirdmigrationlaneandisarestingspotformanybirds.TheestablishmentofAcadiaNationalparkin1916meansthatthisnaturalmonumentwillbepreservedandthatitwillbeavailabletoallpeople,notjustthewealthy.VisitorstoAcadiamayreceivenatureinstructionfromtheparknaturalistsaswellasenjoycamping,hiking,cycling,andboating.OrtheymaychoosetospendtimeatthemuseumlearningabouttheStoneAgeinhabitantsoftheisland.ThelargenumberofsmallislandsalongthecoastofMaineistheresultof.thedrowningoftheMainecoastlineglacier'sforcingmountainsintotheseatheirregularityoftheMainecoastlineoceanwater'sfloodingthemountainrange71.Fromthepassage,welearnthat.thecoastlineofMaineistentimeslongeraftertheIceAgetherearemorethan2500islandsalongtheMainecoastlineMt.DesertIslandhasbeenbrokenapartbya7-mile-longwaterstretchanartscommunitygavewaytothesummerhomesonMt.DesertIsland72.WhatCANNOTbeinferredabouttheAcadiaNationPark?Itwelcomesallthepeople,richorpoor.Ithasmuchappealforbird-watchinglovers.Itoffersvisitorsbothentertainmentandeducation.Itisaborderbetweenthetwogeographicalzones.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ThepastandthepresentofMaineB.TheformationofMainecoastlineC.EffortsforpreservingnationalparksD.TouristattractionsonMt.DesertIsland（C）Manycriticsworryaboutviolenceontelevision,mostoutoffearthatitstimulatesviewerstoviolentoraggressiveacts.Ourresearch,however,indicatesthattheconsequencesofexperiencingTV’ssymbolicworldofviolencemaybemuchmorefar-reaching.WehavefoundthatpeoplewhowatchalotofTVseetherealworldasmoredangerousandfrighteningthanthosewhowatchverylittle.Heavyviewersarelesstrustfuloftheirfellowcitizens,andmorefearfuloftherealworld.SincemostTV“action-adventure”dramasoccurinurbansettings,thefeartheyinspiremaycontributetothecurrentfleeofthemiddleclassfromourcities.Thefearmayalsobringincreasingdemandsforpoliceprotection,andelectionoflaw-and-orderpoliticians.Whilenoneofusiscompletelydependentupontelevisionforourviewoftheworld,neitherhavemanyofushadtheopportunitytoobservetherealityofpolicestations,courtrooms,corporateboardrooms,orhospitaloperatingrooms.AlthoughcriticscomplainaboutthefixedcharactersandplotsofTVdramas,manyviewerslookonthemasrepresentativeoftherealworld.Anyonewhoquestionsthatstatementshouldreadthe250,000letters,mostcontainingrequestsformedicaladvice,sentbyviewersto“MarcusWelby,M.D.”一apopularTVdramaseriesaboutadoctor—duringthefirstfiveyearsofhispracticeonTV.Violenceontelevisionleadsviewerstoregardtherealworldasmoredangerousthanitreallyis,whichmustalsoinfluencethewaypeoplebehave.Whenasked,“Canmostpeoplebetrusted?”theheavyviewerswere35percentmorelikelytochoose“Can’tbetoocareful.”Victims,likecriminals,mustlearntheirproperroles,andtelevisedviolencemayperformtheteachingfunctionalltoowell.Insteadofworryingonlyaboutwhethertelevisionviolencecausesindividualdisplaysofaggressionintherealworld,weshouldalsobeconcernedaboutsocialreality.Passiveacceptanceofviolencemayresultfromfargreatersocialconcernthanoccasionaldisplaysofindividualaggression.Wehavefoundthatviolenceonprime-time（ 黄金时段）networkTVcultivatesoverstated（夸大的）assumptionaboutthethreatofdangerintherealworld.Fearisauniversalemotion,andeasytoexploit.Theoverstatedsenseofriskandinsecuritymayleadtoincreasingdemandsforprotection,andtoincreasingpressurefortheuseofforcebyestablishedauthority.Insteadofthreateningthesocialorder,televisionmayhavebecomeourchiefinstrumentofsocialcontrol.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamongtheconsequencesofwatchingTVtoomuch?A.Distrustingpeoplearound. B.Movingintoruralareas.C.Turningtothepoliceforprotection. D.Holdingmoreelections.Accordingtothepassage,whydid“MarcusWelby,M.D."receives。manyletters?A.Becauseviewersbelievedthedoctordidexistinthereallife.BecausecertainTVprogrammersrecommendedhimtoviewers.Becausehewasanexperienceddoctorandsavedmanylives.BecausetheTVappealedtopeopletopayattentiontohealth.Accordingtotheauthor,ismainlytoblameforpeople’sfearoftherealworld.A.networkTV B.socialrealityC.televisedviolence D.individualdisplayofviolenceWecaninferfromthepassagethat.A.peopletendtobeaggressiveorviolentafterwatchingTVtoomuchB.peoplelearntoprotectthemselvesfromdangersafterwatchingTV.C.theoccasionaldisplaysofindividualaggressionmaythreatenthesocialorderD.watchingTVmaycausethemisuseofauthorityanddisturbthesocialorder(D)HumanremainsofancientsettlementswillbereburiedandlosttoscienceunderalawthatthreatensresearchintothehistoryofhumansinBritain,agroupofleadingarchaeologistssays.Inaletteraddressedtothejusticesecretary,KenClarke,40archaeobgistswriteoftheir“deepandwidespreadconcern"abouttheissue .ItcentersonthelawintroducedbytheMinistryofJusticein2008whichrequiresallhumanremainsunearthedinEnglandandWalestobereburiedwithintwoyears,regardlessoftheirage.Thedecisionmeansscientistshavetoolittletimetostudybonesandotherhumanremainsofnationalandculturalsignificance.“Yourcurrentrequirementthatallarchaeologicallyunearthedhumanremainsshouldbereburied,whetherafterastandardperiodoftwoyearsorfurtherspecialextension,iscontrarytobasicprinciplesofarchaeologicalandscientificresearchandofmuseumpractice,”theywrite.Thelawappliestoanypiecesofboneuncoveredataround400digsites,includingtheremainsof60orsobodiesfoundatStonehengein2008thatdatebackto3,000BC.Archaeologistshavebeengrantedatemporaryextensiontogivethemmoretime,buteventuallytheboneswillhavetobereturnedtotheground.ThearrangementsmayresultinthewasteoffuturediscoveriesatsitessuchasHappisburghinNorfolk,wherediggingiscontinuingafterthediscoveryofstonetoolsmadebyearlyhumans950,000yearsago.IfhumanremainswerefoundatHappisburgh,theywouldbetheoldestinnorthernEuropeandthefirstindicationofwhatthisspecieswas.Underthecurrentpracticeofthelawthoseremainswouldhavetobereburiedandeffectivelydestroyed.Before2008,guidelinesallowedf