复试面试上大专业英语aboutwrite

二、应注意的几点说说的Englishlanguage和knowledgeaboutEnglish之间的区别。例如要说Hedoessomething.不能说Hedosomething.初学者也知道这一点，可是我们仍会见到这样的错误：Theresultobtainedinthetestsshowthattheproposedalgorithmgivesimprovedsolutions.如果是写、报告和其他技术文件，应采用严谨的文体，避免口语化，例kindof，can’t，nowadays避免复杂的长句子。这对新手尤为重要。不要卖弄语法知识，对于作者而言，长句生过分长的句子会令人抓不住要点，读起来头昏脑胀。有时可以将长句分解成几个短nsofaras中naloftheatns中of是多余的。得矫揉造作，会使读者感到别扭甚至。要克服用词不当，不要使用自己还没有工程专业科技英语》UnitXIV，4.Translation:MethodsandSkills。避免繁琐。例如thiskindofmethod，何不直截了当用thismethod？不要说veryessential，已经essential了，还要什么very？又如atthepresenttime应改为atpresent，duetothefactthat...可改为because...。下面是一些例子：Atthepresenttimewearebehindinouranticipatedproductionduetothefactthatmaterialhave everyscarce.Atpresent,wearebehindinproductionbecauseoftheshortageofmaterials.Obviously,thenthesharpnessofthemeltingpoint…删去插入词Theresultswhichwereobtained…TheresultsobtainedReductionof inmanycasesrequires…Reductionof requires…Theresultswereinconclusiveowingtothefactthat…Theresultswereinconclusivebecause…allofthereactionsdescribedallthereactionsdescribed…删去allofthepartsinthesystemallpartsinthesystem…删去of三、关于语法大家都读了太多的语法，这里本不想谈语法问题。可是知道语则是一回事，写避免使用过多的无人称代词it作引词。此类句子有时会分散力量：在主句中使用平淡无力的存在动词be，原来强有力的行为动词退居从句之中，使文字显得迂回，似Itwasconcludedthatanewmethodbedevised.AnewmethodmustbeIt mendedthatweadoptthen.ThenshouldbeItwasfoundthatthechemicalisdangerous.ThechemicalisItcanreadilybeseenthattheworkisdone.TheworkisItwillbeseenthat…（可完全删去Itisevidentthat…EvidentlyItwouldappearthat…ApparentlyItisclearthat…ClearlyItisourconclusionthat…Weconcludethat...不要FourierTransform。Fourier是人名，故大写。SNR：signal-to-noiseratio，不要写成Signal-to-NoiseRatio。A。常见的例外有：Figure3,Table2,Equation4.2。 物理量单位并非全用大写，要遵从惯例：MHz，kHz，ms等。Hz为人名缩写，某词要大写时，则其缩写也用大写：Figure2Fig.由普通名词组成的名词，首字母大写：NationalBureauofStandards，theMotionPictureExpertGroup(MPEG)。在下文时，其简称的首字母也应大写：theBureau。直接引语的首字母用大写：Thespeakersaid,“ItisourWhatisthepartialpressureofthegasunder来回避用冠词的，不要定冠词，现在的趋势是省去不必要的the。theTheEquation3.1canbere-expressedasWecansee isalmostThesimilarsituationmayoccur.Asimilarsituationmay…toattemptthesynthesisofcompounds…amethodfortheintroductionofoxygen…canbeemployedsatisfactorilyforthetechnicalproduction标题中一般省略the：TheElementsofPhysicalChemistryElementsinPhysical关于人称：有不同的主张，应根据所写文章的性质来决定。科技的正文中可以用第一人称，但不宜过多，语气一定要客观、要令人信服，可用we，决不用I。不要反复使用ourresultsourmethod之类，过度使用有使读者不悦的倾向。中不许多人过去时，整篇文章中的主要叙述部分均采用过去时，这是不对的。结论四、避免汉语的影响 Thecalculationformulasaccordingtoequalaccuracydistributionlawareobtainedasfollows.这是典型的洋泾浜，受中文“计算”和“根据”的束缚。将“培养计划”硬译成cultivationn。cultivation的意思是对植物、细菌等的cultivation决不会联想到对人的培养，因此将人才培养硬译成talentcultivation听起来很别扭。其实“培养计划”最恰当的翻译就是普普通通的educationprogram。thiskindof... accordingto（用得过多显出中文的影响So（用So做句子开头也是受中文的影响yanimportantrole（ moreandmore（同上athomeandabroad（科学没有国籍ourcountry（同上develocountries（妄自菲薄关于题目中的Studyon：题目以On…或者Studyon…，Researchon…开问题做题目。可是我们大量文章题目仍使用Studyon，一看就知道 英美的原文词典，或者有详细用法说明和例句的英汉词典。汉英词典的首要用汉英词典得到启发，作为“firstaid”。但汉英词典给出的只是中文单词的英文解释，的，哪些不是。例如上面说到的yanimportantrole，母语作者使用的频度远远低于中国作者。还可以举出许多例子，如payattentionto，putforward等等。这些短语频繁地出现在我们的中，给学生的印象很深。其实好的短语、正确的表达方式也不能在文章中频繁使用。重复使用上述这些短语，再加上kindof之类常使一部五、病句举例 Forthefiberwithenoughlargeradiusofthecore,theattenuationoftheopticalwavecanbeignored.将“纤芯半径足够大的光纤”硬译为fiberwithenoughlargeradiusofthecore。多处定冠词均为误用。改为：Forafiberwithasufficientlylargeinnerradius,attenuationofopticalwavescanbeignored. ItshowsthatthekineticswouldinfluencethedynamicbehavioroftheEarth’sdeepinteriorandneedmorelaboratorydata.这里need一词的主语是什么，是It可将后半句改为语态：ThisshowsthatthekineticswouldinfluencethedynamicbehavioroftheEarth’sdeepinterior,andmorelaboratorydataarelineartransformtechniques,portscantechniques,aninterlacingOwingtothedevelopmentofnanometertechniquesandmicroelectronics,thetrendoftheminiaturizationofintegratedcircuitsandcomponentstowardsatomicscale esstronganddefinite.显然是由中文硬译而成，可改为：ThedevelopmentofnanometertechniquesandmicroelectronicshasledtominiaturizationofintegratedcircuitsandcomponentstowardstheatomicSothespeedoftheatomscanbecontrolled.用So开头有时不符合英文习惯，是中文习惯的影响，用多了很别扭。改为：ThusthespeedoftheatomscanbeInorderforformulas(15)-(17)todonumericalcalculations,thediffusioncoefficientsaretakentobe…由谁进行数值计算，是作者还是？formulas(15)-(17)的表达也不对，可改为：InordertoperformnumericalcalculationsonEquations(15)-(17),thediffusioncoefficientsaretakentobeItsmoreadvantagesaregiveninourpreviouspaper.改为：Itsfurtheradvantageshavebeengiveninourpreviouspaper.在过去的中，用一般现在时不当。Thisresultsfromtheincreaseoftemperaturemainly.可能是片面理解了某些教材中关于副词放在后面的规则。改为：Thisresultsmainlyfromthetemperature六、不当翻译举例标题“传输线变压器的机理及宽带阻抗匹配的设TheMechanismofTransmissionLineofBroadBandandDesigningoftheImpedanceMatchTransformer标题中应略去可有可无的定冠词。Designingof不对。动名词顾名思义兼有动词andDesignofImpedanceMatchTransformer注意：句型the+gerund+of是不适当的，应改为动名词后面直接加宾语。Thecoatingofthefabrictooktenhours.应改为Coatingthefabrictooktenhours.又如Thewashingofglasswareandwiofthebenchareobligatory.应改为Washingtheglasswareandwithebenchareobligatory.Specificysisisgiveninthisarticleaboutthemechanismwhichthetransmissionlinetransformerrealizestheimpedancematchofbroadband.定语“pdband“oaa可改译为 ysisisgiveninthisarticleonhowatransmissiontransformercanrealizebroadbandimpedanceThroughaequivalentcircuititisillustratedthatthecapacitancedistributedamongtransmissionlinescanbeingeniouslyutilizedandswitchedfrombeingadversefactorsofthetransformationofhigh-frequencyenergytotheindispensableconditionsofthetransformationofelectromagneticenergy.不定冠词有时要用an，经常常被忽视。用itisillustratedthat显得罗嗦。自我赞美的修饰transmissionlinescanbeutilized,turninganadversefactoraffectinghighfrequencytransmissiontoanecessaryconditionforEMenergy补充说明：不定冠词是否用an取决于后面单词的发音：DefineaH-by-H是不对的，因为字母H的第一个音节是原因/e/，应为DefineanH-by-HUrbancomprehensivecompetitiveness’sevaluationreflectsdirectlytheall-integratedabilityofcity’sexistingeconomyandresource.有多处硬译：城市综可改为：Theoverallcompetitivenessofacitydirectlyreflectsitsabilityofintegratingthecurrenteconomicstrengthandresources. ThepaperappliestheRelationalMatrix ysis(RMS)to yzedetailedtargetsthatreflectShanghaiurbancomprehensivecompetitivenessla yyearsandbngfoadsomeadvseofty’sdvomnt.这一句将“各项指标”译为dtadtags”译为yya，均不正确。 ss和 用词重复bngfoadadvs词，没握词法向地位较高的人或机构建议（提议）采取某种行动不宜用advse。另外这里还将名词adv错用成了动词advs。改为：Arelationalmatrix ysis(RMA)isappliedtothestudyofvariousspecificationsthatreflecttheoverallcompetitivenessofShanghaiinrecentyears,andprovidesseveralproposalsforthecity’sHowever,howtominevaluableinformationandknowledgefromtheesthekeytoimproveworkefficiencyandimplementknowledgemanagementofanenterprise.短语Howto…Howto…常做宾语，如Wedon’tknowhowtodoit.另外，datamining是计算机学科的术语“数据挖掘，但Howtomine…则显得很别扭。还有“工作效率”也不能硬译成workefficiency。可改为：However,explorationofvaluableinformationandknowledgefromthesystemhas eakeyinimprovementofefficiencyandimplementationof