英语科普类“阅读理解”试题目解析下学期

优选文档优选文档PAGE优选文档科普类“阅读理解”试题解析纵观2006年全国部分地区的中考英语试题,笔者发现科普类“阅读理解”题越来越遇到

命题者的喜爱?而科普类文章常常拥有跨学科?行文逻辑性强等特色,要求考生能从文章的整

体逻辑以及重要细节上全面掌握?但有些考生面对此类试题,常常表现出一种惧怕感,甚至觉

得无从下手?鉴于此,笔者现以2006年全国部分地区中考英语科普类“阅读理解”试题为例

对这种试题的特色及解题技巧浅析以下:

【试题特色】

①重视学科浸透,行文逻辑性强,内容抽象?

②切近学生的学习?生活实质,有益于激发学生的思想,对选拔优秀考生有必定的作用?

,

③能全面地观察学生的综合阅读能力和运用所学知识去解析

?解决实诘问题的能力

?

【解题技巧】

关于科普类文章,笔者以为最有效的解题方法即是“通读全文→阅读题目→再次阅读文章,优选信息,从而确立答案”?

通读全文旨在掌握文章中心和文章脉络,简单地说,就是要弄理解文章的粗心是什么以及文章

是如何张开的?

阅读题目的目的就是要总结和掌握命题人命题的角度和企图?简单地说,就是要弄清题目究

竟是在观察文章的细节还是对文章进行推理,是观察哪些细节,又是如何观察的等等?

再次阅读文章,优选信息,从而确立答案,就是在对文章粗心?文章脉络以及命题角度有了相应

的认识今后,带着问题再读文章?在再次阅读文章的过程中,要利用上下文语境,正确地捕获与

问题相关的信息点,这也是解题的要点点(技巧提示:可在相应地点上做出简单标志,以便检查

时目注明确)?最后总结以上全部信息,确立答案?

下边以2006年部分地区中考英语试题为例,对上述的解题技巧作一全面的解析:

【试题优选1】(杭州市)

Youhaveoftenlookedintoamirror,ofcourse.Butyouhaven’tseentherealpictureofyourface

yet.Andwhycouldn’tyouseeit?Whenyoulookintoamirror,youdon’tseeyourfaceasothe

peopleseeit.Youseeareversedpicture.Ifyoucloseyourlefteye,yourpictureclosesitsrighteye.

Ifyoutouchyourrightearwithyourrighthand,yourpicturetouchesitsleftearwithitslefthand.

Ifyouhavetwosmallmirrors,youcanseeyourfaceasyourfriendsseeit.Youholdthetwomirrorsatrightangles(角度)toeachotherandlookintothem.Aftersomepracticeyouwillbeabletoseetherealpictureofyourface.

Nowcloseyourlefteyeandyourpictureclosesitslefteye，too.Touchyourrightearwithyourrighthandandyourpicturetouchesitsrightearwithitsrighthand!Thishappensbecauseeachmirrorreflected(反射)thepictureintheothermirror.Soyouseeareversedpictureofareversedpicture,which,ofcourse,isthesameastherealpicture.1.Whenyoulookintoamirror,youcouldn

A.thepictureofyourselfB.yourfaceasothersseeit

’tsee________.

C.thepictureofyourfaceD.thepictureofyoureyes

2.Whatdoestheword“reversed”meaninthispassage?

暂存的.B.相反的.C.模拟的.D.虚假的.

Accordingtothefirstparagraphofthepassage,ifyoucloseyourlefteye,yourpictureinthemirror________.

A.closesitsrighteyeB.closesitslefteyeC.touchesitsrightearD.touchesitsleftearWhichofthefollowingpicturesisrightaccordingtothesecondparagraphofthepassage?

M=mirrorP=person

5.Wecanlearnsomethingabout________fromthepassage.

A.bodylanguageB.PhysicalEducation(体育)

C.opticalillusions(视错觉)D.televisioninvention

【答案与简析】依据“通读全文→阅读题目→再次阅读文章,优选信息,从而确立答案”的解

题思路简析以下:通览全文可知,本文主要表达的是“关于平面镜成像引起视错觉”的问题?

文章共分3小段,第一段是引出问题,即引出在镜中看到反像;第二段介绍一种成正像的方法;

第三段简单解析原理?阅读题目可知,第1?3题是细节题,第2题是词义推测题,第4题是推测

题,第5题是主旨归纳题?最后再次阅读文章,优选信息,从而确立答案:从文章第一段中“When

youlookintoamirror,youdon’facetseeasyotherurpeopleseeit”可知,第1题答案为B;从文章第一段最后两句的解说

,特别是

left

和

right

以及

right

和

left

的对应现象可以推测

出划线单词的意思应该为

“相反的”,故第

2题的答案为

B;

由第一段中“Ifyoucloseyourleft

eye,yourpictureclosesitsrighteye”很简单确立第3题的答案为A;依据第二段的描述可知,

两个镜子成直角(rightangles),人立于镜前,由此可推测出第4题的答案为B;通读全文可知,本

文主要论述的是视错觉的问题(即平面镜成反像的问题),故第5题的答案为C?

【试题优选2】(安徽省)

Canplantseatpeople?Probablynot,buttherearemanyplantsthateatmeat.Someofthemarebig.

Andtheycaneatsmallanimals.Onefamousmeat-eatingplantistheVenusflytrap(捕蝇草).

TheVenusflytrapisaverystrangeplant.ItgrowsindrypartsoftheUnitedStates.Itsleavesarelikethepagesofabook.Theycanopenandcloseveryquickly.Insidetheleaves,therearethreesmallhairs.Ifaflytouchesoneofthehairs,theleafclosesquickly.Theflycannotgetout.Inabouthalfanhour,theleafpressestheflyuntilitisdead.Then,theplantcoversthefly.Slowly,theplanteatsthefly.

Whydoplantsdoit?Mostplantsgetwhattheyneedfromthesun,theair,andtheground.Insomeplaces,thegroundisverypoor.Itdoesn’thavealltheseimportantthings,especiallynitrogen(

氮).

Animalmeathasalotofnitrogen,sosomeplantseatmeattogetwhattheyneed.Let

’shopethat

someofthebiggerplantsdon’tgetthesameidea!TheVenusflytrapisakindof________.A.plantB.animalC.foodD.meatTheVenusflytrapgrowsin________.

A.mostpartsoftheworldB.somepartsofAfrica

C.drypartsoftheUnitedStatesD.wetpartsofEngland

3.Fromthepassage,welearnthat________.

A.allplantscaneatpeopleB.allplantscaneatanimals

C.someplantscaneatpeopleD.someplantscaneatanimals4.Theunderlinedword“presses”inthepassageprobablymeans

“________

”

inChinese.

A.挤压B.关上C.打开D.松开

Someplantseatanimalmeatbecause________.A.plantsaredangeroustoanimals

B.animalsaredangeroustoplants

C.plantswanttogetwhattheyneedfromanimalmeatD.plantswanttoprotectthemselvesagainstanimals

【答案与简析】依据“通读全文→阅读题目→再次阅读文章,优选信息,从而确立答案”的解题思路简析以下:通览全文可知,本文主要介绍一种食肉植物捕蝇草?第一段引出说明对象,第二段介绍捕蝇草的生理结构特色和捕食方法,第三段解析部分植物食肉的原由?阅读题目可知,第1?2题是细节题,第3?5题为推测题,第四题为词义推测题?再次阅读文章,优选信息,从而确立答案:由第一段可知捕蝇草是一种植物,故第1题的答案为A;第二段第二句话交代了捕蝇草生活在drypartsoftheUnitedStates,故第2题的答案为C;依据文章意思可知,只有部分植物食肉,故第3题的答案为D;依据上下文的意思推测,press的意思应该是“挤压”,其余三个

选项都与短文内容不符,故第4题的答案为A;从文章最后一段解析植物食肉的原由可知,第5

题答案为C?

【真题训练1】(苏州市)

Foodislife;itgivesusthenourishment(营养)weneedtostayaliveandbehealthy.Usually,weeatbecausewearehungryorneedenergy.BrianWansink,aprofessor(教授)attheUniversityofIllinois,sayswealsoeatcertain(某种)foodsbecausetheymakeusfeelgood,andremindusofhappymemories.Wansinkcallsthiskindoffoodcomfortfood.Forsomepeople,icecreamisacomfortfood.Forothers,abowlofnoodlesmakesthemfeelgood.Howdoesafoodbecomecomfortfood?ProfessorWansinkbelievesthatweconnectfoodwithimportanttimes,feelings,andpeopleinourlives,“WhenIwasachild,mymothermadedelicioussoup;Ilovedit.Now,IofteneatthissoupwhenIamtiredorworried,andithelpsmefeelbetter,”saysoneofWansink’sfriends.

a

Domenandwomenchoosedifferentcomfortfoods?Wansink’sresearch(研究)attheUniversityofIllinoissays“yes”.Inhisstudy,thefavoritecomfortforbothmenandwomenwasicecream.Afterthis,menusuallypreferredhot,deliciousfoodslikesoupornoodles.Womenlikedsweetthingssuchaschocolateandcandies.Menandwomenliketoeatcomfortfoodswhentheyarehappy,butwomeneatthesefoodsmorewhentheyaresadorworried.

1.Accordingtothepassage,akindoffoodthatmakesusfeelgoodiscalled________.

A.fastfoodB.healthyfood

C.ChinesefoodD.comfortfood

InWansink’sstudy,bothmenandwomenliketoeat________.A.soupB.icecreamC.noodlesD.chocolates

Thepassageimplies(表示)that________.

A.menprobablyeatmorecomfortfoodsthanwomen

B.womenusuallyeatcomfortfoodsonlywhentheyarehappy

C.menusuallyeatcomfortfoodswhentheyaresad

D.womenprobablyeatcomfortfoodsmoreoftenthanmen

【真题训练2】(江苏启东中学)Doyoufeelalittlesleepyafterlunch?Well,that’snormal.Yourbodynaturallyslowsdownthen.Whatshouldyoudoaboutit?Don’treachforacoffee!Instead,takeanap.Therearemanybenefits(好处)ofadailynap.Firstofall,youaremoreefficient(有效率)afternapping.Yourememberthingsbetterandmakefewermistakes.Also,youcanlearnthingsmoreeasilyaftertakinganap.A20-minutenapcanreduceinformationoverload.Itcanalsoreducestress.Finally,anapmayincreaseyourself-confidenceandmakeyoumorealert(灵巧).Itmayevencheeryouup.But,therearesomesimplerulesyoushouldfollowabouttakinganap.First,takeanapinthemiddleoftheday,abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup.Otherwise,youmaydisturbyoursleep-wakepattern.Next,a20-minutenapisbest.Ifyousleeplonger,youmayfallintoadeepsleep.Afterwakingfromadeepsleep,youwillfeelworse.Also,youshouldsetanalarmclock.

Thatway,youcanfullyrelaxduringyournap.Youwon’thavetokeeplookingattheclocksothat

youdon’toversleep.

Now,thenexttimeyoufeelsleepyafterlunch,don’tgetstressed.Putyourheaddown,closeyour

eyes,andhavefortywinks.

Whatisagoodrulefortakinganap?A.Useanalarmclock.

B.Napeighthoursafterwakingup.C.Sleepforabouthalfanhour.

D.Alloftheabove.

Accordingtothepassage,whatisNOTabenefitofnapping?A.Itmakesyoustronger.

B.Itmakesyoufeelhappier.

C.Itgivesyoumoreself-confidence.

Whichmayhappenifanalarmclockisnotused?A.Youmayrelaxmore.

B.Youmayfeeltoonervoustorelax.

C.Youmayforgetanimportantmeeting.D.Youmaynotreduceyournappingtime.

7.Inthelastparagraph,“havefortywinks”canbereplacedby“________”.

A.doeye-protectionexercises

B.closeyoureyesforfortytimes

C.haveashortsleepduringthedaytime

D.pretendtohaveaquicknapafterlunch

【真题训练3】(资阳市)

HappyNewYears!

TodayisMarch17th.Abouttwoandahalfmonthsago,Isaid“HappyNewYear!”tomanyof

friends.Aboutfiftydaysago,Isaidthesamethingtosomeotherfriends.Inaboutfourdays,I

saythesamewishestoyetanothergroupoffriends.I’dollthesamethinginJulyandalsoin

September.“Howcanthatbe?”youmightask(ifyou’refromWesternEuropeorthe

Americas).“EveryoneknowsthatNewYear’sDayisinJanuary!”

Infact,thedateofNewYear’sDaydependsonthecalendar(日历)——andIhavefriendswhouseoneormoreoffivedifferentcalendarstokeeptrackofatleastpartoftheirlives:

January1st:NewYear’sDayontheWestern/internationalcalendar

InJanuaryorFebruary(in2006,January29th):NewYear’sDayontheChinese

calendar(China,Korea,andafewotherplaces)

March21st:NewYear’sDayonthetraditionalPersian(波斯)calendar

Mid-July(usuallythe16th):NewYear’sDayontheIslamic(穆斯林)calendar

●September:NewYear’sDayonmostEasternOrthodoxChurch(东正教)calendars(CentralandEasternEurope)and,usually,ontheJewishcalendar

AndthesearejusttheNewYear’sDaysthatIknowabout!Asamatteroffact,ther