机械工程专业英语

MechanicalEngineeringEnglish

Lesson2

Manufacturing

机械工程专业英语Introduction

ConversationsReadingExercisesMethodTeachingDiscussionSelf-studyingQuestionBackgroundSituationManufacturing

Initsearliestform,manufacturingwasusuallycarriedoutbyasingleskilledartisanwithassistants.Trainingwasbyapprenticeship.Inmuchofthepre-industrialworldtheguildsystemprotectedtheprivilegesandtradesecretsofurbanartisans.BeforetheIndustrialRevolution,mostmanufacturingoccurredinruralareas,wherehousehold-basedmanufacturingservedasasupplementalsubsistencestrategytoagriculture(andcontinuestodosoinplaces).Entrepreneursorganizedanumberofmanufacturinghouseholdsintoasingleenterprisethroughtheputting-outsystem.

Tollmanufacturingisanarrangementwherebyafirstfirmwithspecializedequipmentprocessesrawmaterialsorsemi-finishedgoodsforasecondfirm.Background

Modernmanufacturingincludesallintermediateprocessesrequiredfortheproductionandintegrationofaproduct'scomponents.Someindustries,suchassemiconductorandsteelmanufacturersusethetermfabricationinstead.Background

Accordingtosomeeconomists,manufacturingisawealth-producingsectorofaneconomy,whereasaservicesectortendstobewealth-consuming.EmergingtechnologieshaveprovidedsomenewgrowthinadvancedmanufacturingemploymentopportunitiesintheManufacturingBeltintheUnitedStates.Manufacturingprovidesimportantmaterialsupportfornationalinfrastructureandfornationaldefense.Dialogue1

Mr.King:Doyouhaveanyhobbiesotherthanstudy?Lily:Oh,Ilikeplayingrugby.Wehaveagreatmen’srugbyteamwhichwonthechampionshipinthe6thNationalCollegeStudents’SportsGame.Mr.King:Doyouhaveaplanforyourownfuture?Lily:Ireallycannotdescribemyownfuturebecausetherearealotofuncertaintiesinthewayofmygrowingup.WhatIshoulddoistomakegooduseofthepresentandmakeeverydaycount.Mr.King:CanyousaysomethingaboutsomeofthefamouslandscapesinShenyang?译文

Lily:Shenyangisthecenterconcernedwitheconomy,culture,transportation,commerceandtradeofNortheastArea.ItistheimportantplaceofheavymachineinChinaandreputedcityofhistoryandculture.Shenyangisthefirstcitytobetheexcellentoneamongsomanyexcellenttradingcities.Nowtherearethousandsofculturalrelicsundergroundandabovetheground.Therearemanynaturallandscapesandman-madelandscapes.ThewholeworldisfocusingontheEXPOinShenyang.NorthMausoleum，itusedtobethemausoleumofHuangTaiji,EastMausoleum,theotherMausoleumforNu'erHachiandShenYang'sImperialPalacehavebeendeclaredasaworldculturalheritage.Mr.King:Howisthefoodservedinyourcollegedinningrooms？Lily:TheyofferusawidechoiceoffoodstylesfromSichuanFoodtoGuangdongFood.Drinksandsnacksarealsoservedthere.DialogueTwo

Mr.King:Whatdoyouthinkoftheinternet?Lily:Theinternetbringsustheageofinformation.Internetisalteringthestyleofourlife.Onlineeducation,onlinecommunicationandonlinebusinessareavailableonthenet.Butitisalsocausingsomenegativeeffectswhileweareenjoyingtheconveniences.Mr.King:Howistheclimatehere?Lily:Shenyanghasdistinctfourseasons,concentratedrainfallsandsufficientsunshine.Mr.King:Canyousaysomethingaboutyourclassmatesorfriends?Lily:Zhangxueisahard-workingstudent.Sheisoneofthetopstudentsinourclass.She’stheteacher’sfavorite.Weareclosefriends.Noexamhaseverbotheredher.Newwords&expressionsrugby['rʌgbi]

n.橄榄球relics['relik]n.遗物，遗迹，遗产，遗体commerce['kɔmə(:)s]

n.商业,贸易mausoleum[.mɔ:sə'liəm]

n.陵墓heritage['heritidʒ]

n.遗产,继承物reputed[ri'pju:tid]

a.名誉好的,被称为...的,有...名气的alter['ɔ:ltə]

v.改变distinct[dis'tiŋkt]

a.(from)独特的,不同的,明显的,清楚的produce[prə'dju:s]

n.产品,农产品;v.产生,生产,提出distribute[dis'tribju(:)t]

v.分配,散布capital['kæpitəl]

n.首都,首府,大写字母,资产;a.首都的,重要的organize['ɔ:gənaiz]

vi.组织起来;vt.组织route[ru:t]

n.航线,路线;vt.按路线发送schedule['skedʒjul]n.时间表,一览表,计划;v.安排,计划,预定,编制目录dispatch[dis'pætʃ]

v.派遣;[计算机]分派layout['lei.aut]

n.布局,安排,设计defective[di'fektiv]

a.有缺陷的,欠缺;n.有缺陷的人TextModernManufacturingEngineering

WhatIsManufacturing

Maybeyou’veneverthoughtaboutitbefore,butitisallaroundyou.Itaffectseverypartofyourlife.Whatisit?Inthiscase,“it”ismanufacturing.Actually“manufacturing”isnotallaroundyou.Butmanufacturedproductsare.Lookaroundyourightnow.Namesomethingsyouseethatweremanufactured.Chairs,notebooks,bluejeans,books,floortile,chalkboards,lightbulbs,pencils,eyeglasses—nearlyeverythingaroundyouwasmanufactured.译文Themanufacturingindustryisimportanttooursociety.It’sessentialtooureconomy.Aneconomyisasystemforproducinganddistributingproductsandservices.Manypeopleworkinmanufacturing.Theyhelpproduceproducts.Andtheybuyproductswiththemoneytheyearn.Themoreproductspeoplebuy,themoreproductsaremanufactured.Andthisallowsmorepeopletowork.Manufacturingisalsoimportanttotheeconomyinanotherway.Apieceofmaterialisworthmoreafterit’sbeenchangedintoausefulproduct.That’saddedvalue.Valueisincreasedbythemanufacturingprocess.译文ModernManufacturingAmanufacturingindustryneedsthreebasictypesofresources:Materialresources,Humanresources,Capitalresources.

Theelementsofindustryaresevenkeystepsfororganizingproduction:ResearchandDevelopment,ProductionTooling,ProductionPlanningandControl,QualityControl,PersonnelManagement,Manufacturing;Marketing.

R&Distheplanningofnewproducts,processes,ormaterialsandtheimprovementofoldskill.R&Dissuchalarge,importantpartoftheindustrialworldandrequiresmanypeoplewithdifferenttalents.

译文ProductionToolingistheelementofindustryconcernedwiththesetools.ThePTobtainsthetools,machines,andequipmentneededtomakeaproduct.ThemostimportantpartsofProductionPlanningandControlarerouting,scheduling,dispatching,andplanlayout.Themachineryandequipmentmustbearrangedsothatproductioncantakeplacesmoothly,withoutwastedtimeandeffort.

译文QualityControlcanbedefinedasthoseactivitieswhichpreventdefectivearticles.Inthiswaymanagementtriestoinsurethataproductwillbeacceptabletothebuyer.

Marketingistheprocessofgettingproductsfrom、thosewhomakethemtothosewhousethemandithelpstodelivertherightkindsofgoodstous,intherightformandamount,atthetimeandprice.

译文ExercisesI

Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.WhatdoesR&Dstandfor?

Itstandsforresearchanddevelopment

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对附她来说都庆没什么。Bac底kTran服slat鸦ion什么是制格造这个问题近，你以前乘也许从未崇思考过，避但是制造雕就在我们存周围，而慰且它影响例着我们生查活的方方迁面面。那右么，到底析什么是制谁造呢？在吸这里“它次”说的是稠制造。说耻句实在话退，在我们浊的周围所概看到的并买非“制造由”，而是归制造出来们的产品。虑请你现在葵就环顾一串下你的周由围，说出幅你所看到迁的一些制内品，如椅庙子、笔记狱本、蓝色称牛仔裤、维黑板、书联本、地板谋砖、灯泡孕、铅笔、翠眼镜—在慌我们的周株围，几乎僻每一样东秒西都是制苹造出来的急产品。BackTra鸭nsl域ati狐on制造业对棉于我们的介社会非常扯重要，在岂经济中起泽着重要作惜用。经济哑是一个包巡寿括产品生旷产，销售致和服务的蝴运转体系客。许多人幅从事制造伐业的工作嚼，他们生痒产产品，摊同时也用率他们赚来株的钱购买遍制造出来闹的产品。洲人们买的粗产品越多埋，制造的贩产品也就由越多，从毙事制造业迹工作的人皇也就越多抽。制造对经柳济从另一煤方面讲也筑非常重要盛。原材料缝一旦制造均成有用的佣产品，它收将值更多座的钱，这愿就叫附加宜值。于是载，制造过泉程就为产膊品增加了芹附加价值段。Bac排k现代制搅造技术制造工商业需要系三种基弓本类型适的资源地：物料奔资源，荐人力资戴源，和裤资本。霉在组夹织工业炸生产中净有七种淘主要步螺骤：研得究与发烂展,希生产工躁艺,州生产计腾划与控热制，施质量控扎制，人炮事管理懒，制向造技术财和市场彼营销。研究发翼展就是万对新产蝇品、新悲材料、鼓新加工迟方法，云以及旧艘技术提或高进行偶计划和救开发。阶研究发讽展是工状业化世佩界中一股个重要爬的、占耻比重很妈大的部域门，并含且需要挡许多不阴同潜质吐的人共值同协作暗。Back生产工防艺是在民工业中责主要同耽生产工泪具有关犯的一环糊。生产求工艺包娱括需要井加工产友品的工津具、机匠械和设执备。生产计划麻和控制中趟最重要的稻部分是生笨产线安排辈、时序安饺排、生产征分工和生暮产计划规吐划。机器僚设备必须绝安置妥当派，以致顺政利生产加舍工，而无坝浪费时间交和效率的疲现象发生巾。Bac炭k质量控制窃可以定义荷为避免缺械陷和次品赚的行为。睁在质量控蹦制管理下互可确保产惕品能被买撇方接受。市场营宇销是将支产品从诊生产者怒处“交压”到用初户手中蛛的过程念，其以行恰当的族规格数丽量，时最间和价颂格为我驰们准确牌地传递存我们想殃要的商蒜品，Bac尼k全球制牧造网络现在已经辨不存在仅刻仅的国内修市场，也捎不存在只昆需在国内肆进行生产惊的制造者不。高能力遮的信息通配讯系统与者现存的全穷球运输系傲统的结合爽已经为所歌有追求利鸽益的制造友者打开了踏每个市场访的大门.朱因此，赌集合分布厌在世界各及地的设计酒、制造、粗销售和运梳输等资源炎形成一个掩“虚拟”替的制造企健业已经越栋来越容易桥。也正因脚为这样，瞎每个公司迷都有可能俘将自己的碧一部分与赖其他无论祖什么地方唤的公司连忠系起来形只成互补。Bac绣k振兴东勾北老工房诚业基地垃，是党诵中央提善出的重取大任务蓝和战略炕决策，叉也是仁一项庞声大的系贫统工程渡，作为罗东北中肠心城市治的沈阳忧市委、砖市政府霉提出了复东北振努兴沈阳惭先行的朴一系列养构想，贯本文就很实现沈煌阳老工伏业振兴白的总体盗目标、浅条件和止机遇以煎及如何红提升高强职学生舱职业核剂心能力煤，完成条沈阳经恐济腾飞焦的历史略使命进父行了较爆为系统请的论述揭。Bac骑kAfle芒xib桌le乒man演ufa带ctu条rin翼gs头yst辅em(FMS)is劳am尚