南京市、盐城市2017届高三第二次模拟考试英语

南京市、盐城市2017届高三年级第二次模拟考试英语本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分120分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：第一部分听力(共两节，满分20分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.BuyingDVDs. B.RentingDVDs. C.SharingDVDs.2.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shewillhelpthemanlater.B.Sheisunwillingtohelptheman.C.Shecan’tbeofanyassistance.3.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.InHenry’shouse. B.Inarestaurant. C.Inahospital.4.WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenFredandAnne?A.Bossandsecretary. B.Husbandandwife. C.Teacherandstudent.5.HowdidTomgotoLondon?A.Bycar. B.Byplane. C.Bytrain.第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的做答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthewomandislike?A.Exhibitions. B.Folkconcerts. C.Popconcerts.7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheopera?A.Fantastic. B.Serious. C.Noisy.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatisthetopicoftheman’stermpaper?A.Influenceofpresidentialelections.B.Methodsofdiggingforinformation.C.InfluenceofTVonpresidentialelections.9.Whydoesthemancometothegraduateschool’slibrary?A.Toreturnbooks.B.Tosearchforinformation.C.Toapplyforajobasalibrarian.10.Whatcanthemandoaccordingtothelibrarian?A.Usethecomputertosearch.B.Checkouttheoutsidematerials.C.Obtainmaterialsfromaroundtheworld.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howmuchdoesthemanpayforcarinsuranceamonth?A.$25. B.$50. C.$100. 12.Whatisthewoman’spointintheconversation?A.Themanisagreatdriver.B.Sheseldomuseshercar.C.Womenaremorecarefuldrivers.13.Howmanyaccidentshasthewomanbeeninthispastyear?A.Zero. B.Two. C.Five.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.WhichisthesecondlargestethnicgroupinSanFrancisco?A.TheChinese. B.Thewhites. C.Theblacks.15.WhatistheJapanesepopulationinSanFrancisco?A.12,000. B.120,000. C.800,000.16.Whatdoesthemando?A.Adriver. B.Ateacher. C.Aguide.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?andaffectedbysimilarinfluences.Theyare,itis38,bornindifferentpositions,butit39withthemselveswhethertheyshalllivenoblyorevilly.Theymaynothavetheirchoiceofrichesorpoverty,buttheyhavetheir40ofbeinggoodorevil.Peopleofthehighestposition,41cultureandeducation,haveoftenasgreathardshipsasthecommonpeople.Theyhavetomaketheirincomesgomuchfurther.Theyhaveto42theirsocialstatus.43theirincomesmaybelesssatisfactory,theyaredesperateto44andbringthechildrenupasgentlemen.Hume,afamoushistorian,wasamanofgoodfamilybuthis45wereverysmallwhenhewasyoung.Inhisautobiography,heuseshisowncaseasa(n)46oftheadvantagesoffrugality(节省).Despiteaconsiderabledebt,hismother,awidow,47metthedifficultiesandeventuallyovercamethem.Thoughherincomewaslessthanthatofmanyhighlypaidmen,sheeducatedherchildrenwellandbroughtthemup48.Humesays,“WhilestudyinginFrance,I49thatplanoflifewhichIhavesteadilyandsuccessfullypursued.Ideterminedtomakea50frugalitysupplyofmyshortageoffortuneandto51myindependence.”Atthirty-sixhethoughthimselfrich.Thesearehisownwords:“Myappointments,withmyfrugality,hadhelpedmereachafortunewhichmademe52.”Goethesays,“Itdoesn’tmatterwithinwhatcircleanhonestmanacts,providedheknowshowto53thatcircle.”“Whatisthebestgovernment?”Goetheasks,“Thatwhichteachesusto54ourselves!Leteveryoneonlydotherightinhisplace,without55himselfabouttheconfusionoftheworld.”A.Chaos B.Offence C.Punishment D.CondemnationA.origin B.race C.nature D.interestA.hopeful B.strange C.vital D.trueA.agrees B.rests C.corresponds D.conflictsA.idea B.option C.freedom D.intentionA.indefenceof B.incourseof C.inanticipationof D.inrespectofA.giveup B.dependon C.lookfor D.keepupA.Since B.Though C.Unless D.WhenA.educate B.encourage C.blame D.spoilA.ambitions B.achievements C.means D.contributionsA.assurance B.consequence C.illustration D.criterionA.bravely B.stubbornly C.sharply D.tentativelyA.faithfully B.plainly C.gratefully D.virtuouslyA.proposed B.made C.discussed D.approvedA.rigid B.casual C.liberal D.flexibleA.balance B.restore C.value D.maintainA.attractive B.proud C.independent D.knowledgeableA.fitin B.movein C.endin D.engageinA.protect B.justify C.govern D.displayA.questioning B.troubling C.scolding D.abandoning第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AAvisittotheHarvardMuseumofNaturalHistorycanbethehighlightofadayinlivelyandhistoricHarvardSquare.ThemuseumislocatedonthecampusoftheoldestinstitutionofhigherlearningintheUnitedStates.GeneralAdmissionAdults:$12.00

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Personalphotographyisallowed;however,theuseofflashandtripodsisnotpermittedinthegalleries.Commercialphotographyorvideocamerasarenotpermittedwithoutwrittenpermission.56.IftwocollegestudentswithMassachusettsI.D.gotoBostonforavisit,whatistheirlowestpossibleadmissionpricetotheHarvardMuseumofNaturalHistory?A.$6. B.$9. C.$20. D.$24.57.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutvisitingtheHarvardMuseumofNaturalHistory?A.Visitorsarefreetotakephotosofallitsexhibits.B.Visitorsareprohibitedfrommakingphonecalls.C.Visitorscanparkinthestreetaslongastheypay.D.Visitorscanmakeparkingreservationsonweekdays.BGrantWood’sAmericanGothicisapaintingthat’spuzzledgenerationswho’vestoppedtowonderattherealmeaningbehindit.Weallknowit:aserious-lookingcoupleinfrontoftheirgothic-archedwoodenhouse—inastylecalledCarpenter’sGothic,forwhichthepaintingisnamed.Itwaspaintedin1930,whenUSartistswereinspiredtopaintrealistscenesofruralAmericaduringtheDepressioninastylethatbecameknownasRegionalism.Thecoupleareidentifiedeitherasafarmerandhiswife,orasadaughterwithherunsmilingandover-protectivefather.Wood’ssister,Nan,whoposedforthepicture,alwaysinsistedthetwowerefatheranddaughter,perhapsfindingtheagegaptooimproper.Therelationshiphasalwaysremainedinterestinglyconflicting.Unlikehereldercompanion’sfixedstare,thewomanglancesofftotheside.Herexpressionisactuallydifficulttodetermine.Shelookssorrowful,orperhapsuncomfortable,thoughherstraitlacedprimness(拘谨保守的古板)isweakenedbyanescapingcoilofhairatthebackofherneck.Asifholdingguardagainstthoseanticipatedintruders(侵入者)—probably,protectinghisdaughter-wife’svirtue,thoughshedoesn’tseemparticularlyhappyaboutit—themanholdsapitchforkinasoldier-likefashion.Andthatiswhatlendstheworkitsuneasy(不协调的)comedy.Everythingaboutitisanartfulset-up.Firstofall,Nanneveractuallyposedwiththemaninthepicture,noraretheyinanywayrelated.WoodhadspottedthehouseduringadrivetothetownofEldoninIowa.Itimmediatelygavehimanidea.“Thatideawastofindtwopeoplewho,bytheirstraitlacedcharacters,wouldbesuitableforsuchahome,”helaterexplained.Thecouplewereactuallypaintedseparately,andneithersitterwaspaintedinfrontofthehouse.Thefarmer,asyoumighthavealreadyguessed,isn’tactuallyafarmer,butacertainDrBryonMcKeeby,awealthydentistfromCedarRapids,whereWoodlivedwithhismotherandsister.Thecouple’sclothingtoohasbeencarefullyhandpickedbytheartist.Inaddition,boththeirfaces,Nan’sinparticular,havebeenthinnedandlengthened,ashasthefamousgothicwindowandroof.And,ifyoulookcarefully,youmightevendetectsomethingfunerealaboutthescene,beyondthetombstonefeaturesofthecouple.It’ssuggestedbythewoman’sprimlybuttonedblackdress,andintheman’ssmartblackovercoat.SomethoughttheworkmercilesslylaughedatthelifestyleintheMidwest.Meanwhile,somecriticspraisedthepaintingasacuttingsmall-townsatire(讽刺).StillotherssawthepaintingashonoringtheMidwestanditsstrongvalues.Regardingthepainting’scomictone,Woodhimselfgavecontradictoryaccounts.“Thereissatireinit,”heoncesaid,“butonlyasthereissatireinanyrealisticstatement.”PerhapsitisthisambiguitythathasmadethepaintingthemostsymbolicinUShistory.58.WhatisuncertainaboutAmericanGothic? A.Theidentityofthemodels.B.Thecharacters’relationship. C.Howthepaintinggotitsname.D.Wherethebackgroundhousewas.59.Whatindicatesthewoman’sstraitlacedprimness? A.Herglancingofftotheside. B.Hercarefullybuttonedblackdress. C.Thedeterminationinherexpression. D.Theescapingcoilofhairatthebackofherneck.60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph? A.Ambiguityisanessentialpartofanygoodpainting. B.Itisbeyonddoubtthatthepaintinghasacomictone. C.ThestatementthatWoodhimselfgaveclarifiesnothing. D.AmericanGothicisthemostcontroversialinUShistory.CLastyearCongressissuedamoralcalltoactionwhenitorderedtheNationalInstitutesofHealthtoreevaluateitsethicaloversight(伦理上的疏忽)ofgovernment-fundedprimate(灵长类)research.Althoughthescientificcommunitywidelyseesnonhumanprimatesasessentialforadvancesinbiomedicine(theyhavecausedmajorgainsinthefightsagainstAIDSandneurologicaldiseasessuchasParkinson’s,forexample),researchersagreemorecanbedonetotreattheanimalsmorehumanelyandconductresearchlesswastefully.Tothatend,theNIHgatheredfamousscientistslastSeptembertodiscussthefutureofprimate-basedresearch—andtheyagreedthatdatasharingisthewayforward.Researcherscouldreduceexperimentsonnonhumanprimatesbystudyingdatathathavealreadybeencollectedtoanswernewquestions,saysDavidO’Connor,apathologistattheUniversityofWisconsin–Madison.O’Connoriswalkingthewalk:hislaboratorystudiestheZikavirusinprimates,andheimmediatelypostsalltheresultsonline.ThegoalistofigureoutwaystofightZikaasquicklyaspossiblewithoutplacinganundueburdenonresearchprimates.TheSeattle-basedAllenInstituteforBrainScience,whichusesrhesusmacaques,smallSouthAsianmonkeys,tostudythemolecularbasisofbraindevelopment,alsomakesallresultspublic.O’Connorsaysthispracticeshouldbemorewidespreadsothat“researcherswhoareusingthisscarcebutvitalresourcecanlearnasmuchaspossiblefromasfewanimalsasnecessary.”Still,heisskepticalthatdatasharingwillcatchonbecauseitwouldrequireachangein“normativebehavior”—science’sstrongcultureofsecrecy,inwhichdataarekeptunderwrapsuntiltheyarepublishedinapeer-reviewedjournal.Onesteptowardfulltransparencyistofollowtheleadofhumanclinicaltrials,saysChristineGrady,abioethicistattheNIH.U.S.lawrequiresmostclinicaltrialstoregisteronlineandmaketheirresultspublic,evenifastudyfailsorisinconclusive.Thisensuresthatotherresearcherscanlearnfromatrialregardlessofitsresults—amovethatcouldalsosafeguardprimatesagainstbeingusedforthesamethingtwice.NancyHaigwood,directoroftheOregonNationalPrimateResearchCenter,alsosaysdatasharingis“thewayofthefuture.”Hercenterhosts4,800primatestostudyavarietyofhumandiseases.ShecurrentlycontributesresultsfromhercentertoO’Connor’sWebsite.“Idon’tseeadrawback,”shesays.“Wehavetosharedatamorequickly.”61.WhatdoesCongressthinkoftheprimateresearch? A.Ithasdoneagreatdealofgoodtoadvancesinbiomedicine. B.Itisahugewasteofmoneytoconductresearchonprimates. C.Primate-basedresearchmustbestoppedformoralreasons. D.Properattentionshouldbegiventotreatingprimateshumanely.62.Theunderlinedphrase“walkingthewalk”inParagraph2showsthatO’Connor_______. A.istheleaderinfightingZikavirusinprimates B.iswalkingawayfromhisownresponsibility C.iscarryingoutwhathehassaidheshoulddo D.istakingatoughroadwhenpostinghisdata63.AccordingtoO’Connor,whatmightpreventscientistsfromsharingtheirdata? A.Thedeep-rootedculturethatdatashouldbekeptsecretuntilpublished. B.Thefactthatscientistsarereluctanttochangetheirwayofresearch. C.Therequirementthatmostclinicaltrialsshouldberegisteredonline. D.Thefearthattheywillbelaughedatifastudyfailsorisinconclusive.64.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage? A.TheMercilessPracticeofPrimateResearch B.ToTreatPrimatesMoreHumanely:Transparency C.ToAbandonExperimentsonPrimates:FinalGoal D.TheBurdenofResearchonNonhumanPrimatesDYou’veprobablyheardsuchreports.Thenumberofcollegestudentsmajoringinthehumanities(人文学科)isdecreasingquickly.Thenewshascausedafloodofhigh-mindedessayscriticizingthedevelopmentasasymbolofAmericandecline.Thebrightsideisthis:Thedestructionofthehumanitiesbythehumanitiesis,finally,comingtoanend.Nomorewillliterature,aspartofanacademiccurriculum,putoutthelightofliterature.Nolongerwillthereadingof,say,“KingLear”orD.H.Lawrence’s“WomeninLove”resultintheannoyingstuffofmultiple-choicequizzes,examessaysandhomeworkassignments.ThediscouragingfactisthatforeverycollegeprofessorwhomadeShakespeareorLawrencecomealivefortheluckyfew,therewerecountlessotherswhomadethereadingofliterarymasterpiecesseemliketwohoursinthedentist’schair.Theremarkablyinsignificantfactthat,ahalf-centuryago,14%oftheundergraduatepopulationmajoredinthehumanities(mostlyinliterature,butalsoinart,philosophy,history,classicsandreligion)asopposedto7%todayhasgivenrisetoseriousreflectionsonthenatureandpurposeofaneducationintheliberalarts.Suchreflectionsalwayscometothesameconclusion:Wearetoldthatthelackofaformaleducation,mostlyinliterature,leadstonumerousharmfulpersonalconditions,suchastheinabilitytothinkcritically,towriteclearly,tobecuriousaboutotherpeopleandplaces,toengagewithgreatliteratureaftergraduation,torecognizetruth,beautyandgoodness.Theseseriousanxietiesaregrand,admirablyvirtuousandvirtuouslyadmirable.Theyarealsoamerefantasy.Thecollegeteachingofliteratureisarelativelyrecentphenomenon.Literaturedidnotevenbecomepartoftheuniversitycurriculumuntiltheendofthe19thcentury.Beforethat,whatcametobecalledthehumanitiesconsistedoflearningGreekandLatin,whiletheBiblewasstudiedinchurchasthenecessaryotherhalfofafulleducation.Nooneeverthoughtofteachingnovels,stories,poemsorplaysinaformalcourseofstudy.Theywerepartoftheleisureofeverydaylife.ItwasonlyafterWorldWarIIthatthestudyofliteratureasatypeofwisdom,relevanttoactual,contemporarylife,putdownwidespreadinstitutionalroots.Soldiersreturninghomein1945longedtomakesenseoftheirlivesafterwhattheyhadwitnessedandsurvived.Theabundanteconomyaffordedthemtheopportunityandthetimetodoso.MajoringinEnglishhititspeak,yetitwasthisverypopularityofliteratureintheuniversitythatspelleditsdoom,astheacademicizationofliteraryartwasaccelerated.LiteraturechangedmylifelongbeforeIbegantostudyitincollege.Bookstookmefarfrommyselfintoexperiencesthathadnothingtodowithmylife,yetspoketomylife.Butonceinthecollegeclassroom,thisprecious,alternatelifeinsidemegotthrownbackintothatdimensionofmyexistencethatboredme.Homer,ChekhovandYeatswerereducedtorightandwronganswers,clear-cutthemesandcleverinterpretations.Ifthereisanythingtoworryabout,itshouldbethedisappearanceofwhatusedtobeanimportantpartofeveryhigh-schooleducation:theliteraturesurveycourse,wherebookswerenotacademicallytaughtbutthoroughlyintroduced—anexperienceunaffectedbystupidcommentaryanduselesstesting.Theliteraryclassicsareplacesofquiet,uselessstillnessinaworldthatdespises(鄙视)anyactivitythatisnotprofitableorproductive.Literatureistoosacredtobetaught.Itneedsonlytoberead.Soon,ifallgoeswellandliteratureatlastdisappearsfromtheundergraduatecurriculum—myfingersarecrossed—increasingnumbersofpeoplewillbeabletosaythatreadingtheliterarymasterworksofthepastoutsidethecollegeclassroom,simplyinthecourseofliving,was,infact,theircollegeclassroom.65.Theauthormentions“twohoursinthedentist’schair”inParagraph3toindicatethat_______. A.theaverageliteratureclassincollegeistwohourslong B.readingliteraryworksismadeunbearablebyprofessors C.itactuallydoesnottakelongtoreadtheclassicsofliterature D.collegestudentsdon’tspendmuchtimeonliterarymasterworks66.Thesharpdropinthenumberofmajorsinthehumanities_______. A.hasgivenrisetoquiteashockintheintellectualworld B.promisestheremarkabledestructionofthehumanities C.showsmorepeoplereadliteratureoutsidetheclassroom D.hascausedtheauthortoreflectonthenatureofliterarycreation67.Whichofthefollowingopinionsmaytheauthorhold? A.Thedisappearanceofliteratureshouldbestronglyapplauded. B.Literatureteachingcanimproveourcriticalthinkingability. C.Readingliteraturedoesn’trequirespecializedknowledgeandskills. D.Literatureshouldbetaughtthroughanalyzingdifferentwritingstyles.68.Accordingtotheauthor,theproblemofliteratureteachingliesinthefactthat_______. A.itisarelativelyrecentphenomenonineducation B.literatureteachingisnotprofitableorproductive C.peopleareinterestedinsomethingmorepractical D.itisturnedintoasoullesscompetitionforgrades69.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage? A.Tourgecollegestudentstoreadmoreliteraryclassics. B.Tointroducethepresentsituationofliteratureteaching. C.Tovoicehisopinionontheshrinkageofliteratureteaching. D.Toshowhisseriousconcernforcollegeliteratureteaching.70.Theoveralltoneofthepassageis_______. A.skeptical B.sympathetic C.aggressive D.straightforward第四部分任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。“HELLisacitymuchlikeLondon,”saidPercyByssheShelleyin1819.Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellers(居民)havea21%higherriskofsufferingfromanxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofsufferingfrommooddisorders.Butexactlyhowtheinnerworkingsoftheurbanandruralmindscausethisdifferencehasremainedunclear—untilnow.AstudyjustpublishedinNaturebyAndreasMeyer-LindenbergoftheUniversityofHeidelbergandhiscolleagueshasusedascanningtechniquecalledfunctionalmagnetic-resonanceimaging(机能性磁共振成像，简称fMRI)toexaminethebrainsofcitydwellersandcountrymenwhentheyareunderstress.InDrMeyer-Lindenberg’sfirstexperiment,participantslyingwiththeirheadsinascannertookmathsteststhattheywereboundtofail(theresearchershaddesignedsuccessratestobejust25-40%).Tomaketheexperiencestillmoreembarrassing,theteamprovidednegativefeedbackthroughheadphones,allthewhilecheckingparticipantsforindicationsofstress,suchashighbloodpressure.Thecitypeople’sgeneralmentalhealthdidnotdifferfromthatoftheruralcountrymen.However,theirbrainsdealtwiththestresscausedbytheexperimentersindifferentways.Thesedifferenceswerenoticeableintworegions:theamygdalas(杏仁核)andtheperigenualanteriorcingulatecortex(前扣带皮层，简称pACC).Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.Thoselivingintownshadhigherlevels.Citydwellershadthehighest.InthecaseofthepACC,however,whatmatteredwasnotwheresomeonewaslivingnow,butwhereheorshewasbroughtup.Themoreurbanaperson’schildhood,themoreactivehispACC,regardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperiment.Theamygdalasthusseemtorespondtothehere-and-nowwhilethepACCisprogrammedearlyon,anddoesnotreactinthesame,flexiblewayastheamygdalas.Second-to-secondchangesinitsactivitymight,though,beexpectedtobeconnectedwithchangesintheamygdalas,becauseofitsroleinregulatingthem.fMRIallowssuchconnectionstobemeasured.Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside,regardlessofwheretheynowlive,theconnectionswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,theseconnectionsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutoforder.DrMeyer-Lindenbergandhisteamconductedseveralmoreexperimentstochecktheirfindings.Theyaskedparticipantstocompletemoremathstests—andalsotestsinwhichtheywerementallyupsanddowns—whileinvestigatorsscoldedthemabouttheirperformance.Theresultsmatchedthoseofthefirsttest.Theyalsostudiedanothergroupofvolunteers,whoweregivenstress-freetaskstocomplete.TheseexperimentsshowednoactivityineithertheamygdalasorthepACC,suggestingthattheearlierresultswereindeedtheresultofsocialstressratherthanmentaleffort.Asisusuallythecaseinstudiesofthissort,thesamplesizewassmallandtheresultshowedanassociation,ratherthanadefinite,causalrelationship.Thatassociationis,nevertheless,interesting.Livingincitiesbringsmanybenefits,butDrMeyer-Lindenberg’sworksuggeststhatShelleyandhisfellowRomanticshadatleasthalfapoint.Title:Dourbanbrainsbehavedi