2023学年完整公开课版Module5TheGreatSportsPersonality说课一等奖

ModernOlympicGames

ThebestamateurathletesintheworldmatchskillandenduranceinaseriesofcontestscalledtheOlympicGames.Almosteverynationsendsteamsofselectedathletestotakepart.ThepurposesoftheOlympicGamesaretofostertheidealofa"soundmindinasoundbody"andtopromotefriendshipamongnations.

ThemodernOlympicGamesarenamedforathleticcontestsheldinancientGreeceforalmost12centuries.TheywerebannedinAD394butwererevivedandmadeinternationalin1896.TheWinterGameswereaddedin1924.WorldWarIandWorldWarIIforcedcancellationoftheOlympicsin1916,1940,and1944,buttheyresumedin1948andareheldeveryfouryears.After1992theWinterandSummerGameswerenolongerheldwithinthesamecalendaryear.WinterGameswerescheduledfor1994,afteronlyatwo-yearinterval,andeveryfouryearsthereafter.TheSummerGameswerescheduledfor1996,andeveryfouryearsthereafter.

SummerandWinterSports

Summersportsincludearchery,basketball,boxing,canoeing,cycling,equestrianevents(horsebackriding),fencing,fieldhockey,gymnastics,handball,judo,rowing,shooting,soccer,swimming,tennis,trackandfield,volleyball,waterpolo,weightlifting,wrestling,andyachting.Wintereventsincludeskating,skiing,bobsledding,luge,tobogganing,icehockey,andthebiathlon(skiing-shooting).

Themostexactingtrackandfieldeventisthedecathlon(fromtheGreekwordsdeka,meaning"ten,"andathlon,"contest").Contestantscompeteintendifferentrunning,jumping,andthrowingevents.Theathletescoringthegreatesttotalnumberofpointsisthewinner.Thepentathlon,consistingoffivesuchevents,wasdiscontinuedafter1924.Itwasrestoredinthe1948gamesasthemodernpentathlon,baseduponfivemilitaryskills--fencing,riding,running,shooting,andswimming.Themarathonrace,covering26miles385yards,honorstheancientGreekrunnerPheidippides,whoranfromMarathontoAthenstoannouncetheGreekvictoryagainstthePersians.

Womentakepartinseparatesummerandwinterevents.Tennewwomen'ssummercompetitionsaddedin1984includedthemarathonanda49-milecyclingevent.Thepentathlon,introducedin1964,wasreplacedbytheheptathlon,whichconsistsof100-meterhurdles,shotput,highjump,longjump,javelinthrow,and200-and800-meterraces.Additionaleventsforwomeninthe1992WinterandSummerGamesincludedthebiathlon,10-kilometerwalk,baseball,andjudo.

HighlightsoftheModernGames

OneofthemostdramaticfeatsoftheOlympicswasthetriumphoftheUnitedStatestrackandfieldteamin1896.Competingasunofficialrepresentatives,theten-mansquadreachedAthensbarelyintimetoparticipate.Theywonnineoutof12events.

In1912JimThorpe,aNativeAmerican,becametheonlymantowinboththedecathlonandpentathloninoneyear.Officialscanceledhisrecordandtookbackhismedalswhentheylearnedthathehadplayedprofessionalbaseball.Hismedalswererestoredposthumouslyin1982(seeThorpe).Intrackandfield,JesseOwens,ablackAmerican,wonfourgoldmedalsincludingateammedalin1936(seeOwens).ThefirstwomantowinthreeindividualgoldmedalswasFannyBlankers-KoenofTheNetherlands.ThefirstathletestowinthedecathlontwicewereBobMathiasoftheUnitedStates,in1948and1952,andDaleyThompsonofGreatBritain,in1980and1984.Thefirstperfect10.0inOlympicgymnasticswasscoredbyNadiaComaneciofRomania,whoreceivedsevenperfectscoresandthreegoldmedalsin1976.

Inthe1964WinterGamestheSovietspeedskaterLidyaSkoblikovawasthefirstathletetowinfourindividualgoldmedals.Herfeatwasduplicatedinthe1968SummerGamesbytheCzechgymnastVeraCaslavska.

In1972theUnitedStatesswimmerMarkSpitzwonarecordsevengoldmedalsatasingleOlympics.SwimmersJohnNaberoftheUnitedStatesandKorneliaEnderofEastGermanyeachwonfourgoldmedalsintheSummerGamesin1976.

Theall-timeindividualmedalwinnerwastheAmericantrackathleteRayC.Ewry,whowoneighteventsinthe1900,1904,and1908Games.

The1972SummerGamesinMunich,WestGermany,becameatragedywhenPalestinianterroristsmurdered11OlympicteammembersfromIsrael.InaprotestagainstaNewZealandrugbytourofSouthAfricaabout30Africannationsboycottedthe1976SummerGamesinMontreal,Que.Toprotestthe1979SovietinvasionofAfghanistanmorethan60countries,ledbytheUnitedStates,withdrewfromthe1980SummerGamesinMoscow.TheSovietUnion,whichfirstparticipatedin1952,withdrewfromthe1984SummerGamesinLosAngeles.

Scandalsrockedthe1988SummerGamesinSeoul.Tenathletesweredisqualifiedafterdrugtestsrevealedsteroidabuse.Chargesofbiasandincompetenceintheofficiatingattheboxingeventsledtotwo-yearsuspensionsforfiveKoreanboxersandofficialsandseveralotherjudgesandreferees.

The1992gameswereunusualinthattherewerenomoreSovietteams;theSovietUnionhadsplitupinDecember1991.Theteamsthatparticipatedfromitsformerrepublics,sometimesstillwearingtheoldSovietuniforms,representedeithernow-independentBalticstatesortheCommonwealthofIndependentStates,whichhadbeenformedfrom11oftheformerSovietrepublics.Nevertheless,attheWinterGamesinAlbertvilletheCommonwealth'sUnitedTeamcameinsecond,afterGermany,innumberofmedalswon.

Inthe1896OlympicGamestherewerefewerthan500athletesrepresenting13nations.In1988theSeoulgamesdrewentriesfromarecordtotalof160countries.WhilethenumberofathleteswhocompetedinLosAngelesdidnotsurpassthehighof10,000setatMunichin1972,the1984gamessetrecordsforthelargesttotalattendance--almostmillionpeople--andthemostgoldmedalsforonecountry--83fortheUnitedStates.

ThecentennialOlympicGamesopenedinAtlanta,Ga.,withmorethan10,000athletesfromarecord197nationsinattendance.Theopeningceremonies,whichbegan16daysofathleticcompetition,featuredatributetotheancientGreekgamesandslaincivilrightsleaderMartinLutherKing,Jr.FormerworldheavyweightboxingchampionandOlympicgoldmedalistMuhammadAlilittheOlympictorch,whichcompleteda84-day,15,000-mile(24,000-kilometer)trekacrosstheUnitedStates.Thegamesfeatured28delegationsthatwereparticipatingforthefirsttime,includingathletesfromtheCzechRepublic,FYROM,andBurundi,andPalestinianscompetingunderthenamePalestine.TightsecurityandAtlanta'shotandhumidAugustweatherweremajorconcernsforOlympicorganizersandthoseattendingthegames.Inspiteofsecurityprecautions,ahomemadepipebombloadedwithnailsandscrewsexplodedatalate-nightconcertinCentennialOlympicPark,killingonepersonandwoundingmorethan100others.Inaddition,aTurkishtelevisioncameramandiedofaheartattackwhilerunningtofilmtheblast.Nooneclaimedresponsibilityfortheattack.

InternationalOlympicCommittee

ThedevelopmentandgovernanceofthemoderngamesarevestedintheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC),foundedinParisin1894.ItsheadquartersareinLausanne,Switzerland.Theoriginalcommitteehad14members;todaythereareabout70.Theseindividualsareconsideredambassadorsfromthecommitteetotheirnationalsportsorganizationsandarededicatedtopromotingamateurathletics.Normallythereisonlyonememberfromeachcountry.PresidentsoftheIOCareelectedforaneight-yeartermandeligibleforsucceedingfour-yearterms.

EachcountrysendingteamstothegamesmusthaveitsownNationalOlympicCommittee.By1988therewere167suchcommittees.Oneresponsibilityofanationalcommitteeisarrangingforitsteam'sparticipationinthegames,providingequipment,andgettingtheteamtothegamesiteandintospeciallyarrangedhousing.

OfficialOlympicAnthem(Greek&English)

TheOlympicHymn(givenbelowinGreekandEnglish)waswrittenbyCostisPalamas,oneofGreece'smostfamouspoets,in1893andwassettomusicbySpirosSamarasin1896.TheHymnwasadoptedastheOfficialOlympicHymnbytheInternationalOlympicCommitteein1957.

Greek

ΑρχαίοΠνεύμ'αθάνατον,αγνέπατέρα

τουωραίου,τουμεγάλουκαιτ'αληθινού,

κατέβα,φανερώσουκιάστραψ'εδώπέρα

στηδόξατηςδικήςσουγηςκαιτ'ουρανού.

Στοδρόμοκαιστοπάλεμακαιστολιθάρι,

στωνευγενώνΑγώνωνλάμψετηνορμή,

καιμετ'αμάραντοστεφάνωσεκλωνάρι

καισιδερένιοπλάσεκιάξιοτοκορμί.

Κάμποι,βουνάκαιπέλαγαφέγγουνμαζίσου

σανέναςλευκοπόρφυροςμέγαςναός,

καιτρέχειστοναόεδώπροσκυνητήςσου.

ΑρχαίοΠνεύμ'αθάνατο,κάθελαός.

English

Immortalspiritofantiquity,

Fatherofthetrue,beautifulandgood,

Descend,appear,shedoverusthylight

Uponthisgroundandunderthissky

Whichhasfirstwitnessedthyunperishable

fame.

Givelifeandanimationtothosenoblegames!

Throwwreathsoffadelessflowerstothevictors

Intheraceandinstrife!

Createinourbreasts,heartsofsteel!

Shineinaroseatehueandformavasttemple

Towhichallnationsthrongtoadorethee,

Ohimmortalspiritofantiquity.

HostcitiesofOlympicGames

Sincetheirresumptionintheirmodernformin1896inAthens,theOlympicGamestookplaceinthefollowingcities:

1896

1900

1904

1908

1912

1916

1920

1924

1928

1932

1936

1940

1944

Athens

Paris

SaintLouis

London

Stockholm

Cancelled(wasdueinBerlin)

Ambers

Paris

Amsterdam

LosAngeles

Berlin

Cancelled(wasdueinTokyo)

Cancelled(wasdueinHelsinki)

1948

1952

1956

1960

1964

1968

1972

1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

London

Helsinki

Melbourne

Rome

Tokyo

MexicoCity

Munich

Montreal

Moscow

LosAngeles

Seoul

Barcelona

Atlanta

Sydney

SydneyforOlympicGamesof2000

TheInternationalOlympicCommittee,meetinginMonaco,onSeptember23,1993,announcedthatSydney,Australia,wouldbethehostcityfortheSummerOlympicGamesintheyear2000.TheclosestcontenderforthesitewasBeijing,China.TherehadbeenmuchoppositiontochoosingBeijing,however,becauseofthe1989TienanmenSquaremassacreofpro-democracydemonstratorsandChina'scurrentpoliciesonhumanrights.Australiahadpreviouslyhostedthe1956SummerGamesinMelbourne.

Theopeningofthe27thOlympiadtookplaceonFriday,15December2000inthemagnificentOlympicstadiumofSydney,buildspeciallyforthishistoricevent.Thestadiumissome9milesfromthecentreofthecityand1millionpeoplewhereonthestreetsofSydneythenightbefore.

Theceremony,whichlastednearlyfourhours,started

withhorsemenenteringthestadiumbearingtheOlympicflags,symbolizingthearrivalofhorsemeninAustraliain1778.FollowingthenationalAustralianNationalanthem,thestoryofAustraliawasportraitthroughscenesofseaandfish,forestfiresanddancesbytheAborigines,theindigenouspopulationofAustraliafor40000years.

ThyOlym