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2022-2023年陕西省商洛市大学英语6级大学英语六级重点汇总(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________
一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.
______onthedevelopingcountries'pathoutofpovertywouldbethecrimeofthecentury.
2.
Continuingstresscanmakepeople'sbodiesproducemorecortisolandinsulin.
A.YB.NC.NG
3.
Whenitcomestosomethingassimpleasagreeting,lackofawarenessconcerning______canleadtoawkwardencounters.
4.
Thecomplaintsfromsomechildrenwhohavedifficultiesinlearningarecausedby______.
5.
Peoplefrequentlysufferingfromsleeprestrictiontendto______.
A.livelonger
B.losemuchweight
C.eatlessfood
D.growanxiousanddepressed
6.
Accordingtotheprinciplethatthepoweroutputfromawindturbinerisesasacubelfwindspeed,higher-speedwindsaremoreeasilyandinexpensivelycaptured.
A.YB.NC.NG
7.What'speople'stendencytodofortheirdecisions?
A.Refusingtoadmittheymadewrongdecisions.
B.Tryingtofindreasonstoexplainthedecisions.
C.Changingthedecisionsonsecondthoughts.
D.Seekingothers'advicewhenmakingthedecisions.
8.
BernicediscardedthemealsdeliveredbyMealsonWheels,believing______.
9.
TheAncientOlympicgameswerenotinternationaleventseventhoughtheathletestraveledtocompetefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.
A.YB.NC.NG
10.
SomeoftheSun'sradiationthatisabsorbedbytheEarth'ssurfacebecomesheatenergyintheform.of______.
11.
AccordingtoJohnMaynardKeynes,whycangovernmentsusedevaluationofcurrencytotakeinpeople?
A.Valueisinherentinmoney.
B.Metalcurrencyhasbecomeatoken.
C.Cashisconsideredaspureinformation.
D.Thetruthisbeyonddoubt.
12.
ThecompanycanapplytotheFDAforpermissiontobeginhumanstudieswhentheresultsofanimalstudiesindicatethatthenewdrugisliketobe______.
13.
Itisdifficultto______assoonasyouaresoobsessedwithmeetingpeopleonline.
14.
Ifadrugcanbringgreatbenefittoapatient,thepatientmaybewillingtotakethedrugevenwiththeriskfor______.
15.
Americansoftenmakejokesaboutwomentalkingtoomuch,butinfact,men______.
16.WhereHaveAllthePeopleGone?
Germansaregettingusedtoanewkindofimmigrant.In1998,apackofWolvescrossedtheNeisseRiveronthePolish-Germanborder.IntheemptylandscapeofeasternSaxony,dottedwithabandonedminesanddecliningvillages,thewolvesfoundplentyofdeerandfewhumans.Fiveyearslater,asecondpacksplitfromtheoriginal,sothere'renowtwofamiliesofwolvesintheregion.Ahundredyearsago,agrowingland-hungrypopulationkilledoffthelastofGermany'swolves.Today,it'sthelocalhumanswhosenumbersareunderthreat.
Villagesareempty,thankstotheregion'slowbirthrateandruralflight.Hometo22oftheworld's25lowestfertilityratecountries,Europewilllose30millionpeopleby2030,evenwithcontinuedimmigration.ThebiggestpopulationdeclinewillhitruralEurope.AsItalians,Spaniards,Germansandothersproducebarelythree-fifthsofchildrenneededtomaintainstatusquo,andasruralflightsuckspeopleEurope'ssuburbsandcities,thecountrysidewillloseaquarterofitspopulation.Theimplicationsofthisdemographic(人口的)changewillbefar-reaching.
EnvironmentalChanges
ThepostcardviewofEuropeisofacontinentwhereeveryscrapoflandhaslongbeenfarmed,fencedoffandsettled.Butthecontinentofthefuturemaylookratherdifferent.BigpartsofEuropewillrenaturalize.BearsarebackinAustria.InSwissAlpinevalleys,farmshavebeenrecedingandforestsaregrowingback.InpartsofFranceandGermany,wildcatsandwolveshavere-establishedtheirranges.
Theshrubandforestthatgrowonabandonedlandmightbegoodfordeerandwolves,butisvastlylessspecies-richthantraditionalfarming,withitspastures,pondsandhedges.Onceshrubcovereverything,youlosethemeadowhabitat.Alltheflowers,herbs,birds,andbutterfliesdisappear.Anewforestdoesn'tgetdiverseuntilacoupleofhundredyearsold.
Allthisisnotnecessarilyanenvironmentalist'sdreamitmightseem.TaketheGreekvillageofPrastos.Anancienthilltown,Prastosoncehad1000residents,mostofthemworkingtheland,Nowonlyadozenleft,mostintheir60sand70s.Theschoolhasbeenclosedsince1988.Sundaychurchbellsnolongerring.Withoutfarmerstotendthefields,rainhaswashedawaytheoncefertilesoil.AsinmuchofGreece,landthathasbeenorchardsandpastureforsome2000yearsisnowcoveredwithdryshrubthat,insummer,frequentlycatchesfire.
VariedPicturesofRuralDepopulation
Ruraldepopulationisnotnew.ThousandsofvillageslikePrestosdotEurope,theresultofacenturyormoreofemigration,industrialization,andagriculturalmechanization.Butthistimeit'sdifferentbecauseneverhastheruralbirthratesolow.Inthepast,afarmercouldusuallyfindatleastoneofhisoffspringtotakeovertheland.Today,thechancesarethathehasonlyasinglesonordaughter,usuallyworkinginthecityandrarelywillingtoreturn.InItaly,morethan40%ofthecountry's1.9millionfarmersareatleast65yearsold.Oncetheydieout,manyoftheirfarmswilljointhe6millionhectares--onethirdofItaly'sfarmland--thathasalreadybeenabandoned.
Risingeconomicpressures,especiallyfromreducedgovernmentsubsidies,willamplifythetrend.OnethirdofEurope'sfarmlandismarginal,fromthecoldnorthernplainstothedryMediterranean(地中海)hills.MostofthesefarmersrelyonEUsubsides,sinceit'scheapertoimportfoodfromabroad.Withoutsubsidies,someofthemostscenicEuropeanlandscapeswouldn'tsurvive.IntheAustrianorSwissAlps,definedforcenturiesbyorchards,cows,highmountainpastures,thesteepvalleysarelabor-intensivetofarm,withsubsidiespayingupto90%ofthecost.AcrosstheborderinFranceandItaly,subsidieshavebeenreducedformountainfarming.Since
A.YB.NC.NG
17.AccordingtoscientistsattheU.S.NationalSnowandIceDataCenter,withinabout60years,therewillbe______ontheArcticOcean.
18.
WhenIfirstlearnedLisp(表处理语言),whatIlikedmostaboutitwasthatitconsideredme______.
19.
Somepeopleboostgeneticallymodifiedcropsontheconditionthatthesealteredplantscontain______.
20.
Urbanozoneisprimarilycausedby__________________,whichareproducedbyfossilfuels.
二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(35)
A.Bemuseoftheincreaseofeconomy.
B.Bemusetheschoolshavetobuildmorebuildingsl.
C.Mainlybecausetheexpenditureoneducationisreduced.
D.Becausetheschoolshavetoincreasethesalaryofthestaff.
22.听力原文:AbouttwopercentofthepopulationoftheUnitedStatesisofAsianorigin—somefivemillionpeople.Chinese,Japanese,andPhilippinesform.thelargestgroups.However,therearealsosignificantnumbersofAsian-Indians,Pakistanis,Koreans,andVietnamesenowlivinginAmerica.AsaresultofthewarinVietnam,some350,000refugeesfromthatcountryhaveenteredtheUnitedStatessincetheearly1970s.
ChineseandJapaneseworkerswereimportedintotheUnitedStatesbyemployersinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.MostoftheChinesesettledinCalifornia,wheretheywereemployedmainlyinheavyindustries,suchasminingandrailroadconstruction.Theywerefacedwithintenseprejudiceanddiscrimination,especiallyfromlower-classwhitepeople,whosawthemasasourceofthreattotheirjobs.TheretreatoftheChineseintodistinctChinatownswasnotprimarilytheirchoice,butwasenforcedbythehostilitytheyfaced.SinceChineseimmigrationwasendedbylawin1882,theChineseremainedlargelyisolatedfromthewidersociety—atleastuntilrecently.
MostoftheJapaneseimmigrantsalsosettledinCaliforniaandtheotherPacificstates.DuringWorldWarⅡ,followingtheattackonPearlHarborbyJapan,allJapaneseAmericansintheUnitedStatesweremadetoreportto“relocationcenters”whichwereeffectivelyconcentrationcamps.InspiteofthefactthatmostoftheJapanesewereAmericancitizens,theywerecompelledtoliveinthehastilyestablishedcampsforthedurationofthewar.
(33)
A.About35,000.
B.About250,000.
C.About350,000.
D.About25,000.
23.(40)
24.(41)
25.(32)
A.Theproblemoflackingamirror.
B.Theproblemoflackingadecorationforthelift.
C.Apsychologicalproblem.
D.Amaterialproblem.
26.(21)
A.At5:30.B.At6:00.C.Before6:00.D.After6:00.
27.(26)
A.ByaskingtheDeantopayforaprofessional.
B.Bydoingitthemselves.
C.BymergingwiththeTeacherDevelopmentsite.
D.Bylookingforanotherdesigner.
28.听力原文:Studentswanttofindthebestwaytoputinformationintotheirlong-termmemories.Theywanttokeeptheinformationlaterwhentheytakeatest.Whatisthebestwaytolearninformationsotheycanrememberitwhentheywantto?
Whenstudying,youshouldreadthewholelessonfirst.Thisgivesyouthewholepictureinwhichtoputtheideas.Newinformationthatfitsintothewholepictureiseasiertorememberthanseparatefacts,Youalsolearnfasterifyoulookatheadings,introductions,importantwords,summaries,conclusions,andanythingelsethathelpstoorganizethematerial,whichiseasiertounderstand.
Thenthesecondstepistostudytheparts.Thinkabouthowtheyfitintothewholepicture.
Ifyouhavealottostudy,don'ttrytodothewholejobatonce.Learningshouldbespreadoutandspaced.Thisgivestheinformationtimeto"sinkin."Youshouldstudygrammarthreetimes,ahalfhoureachtime.Thatisbetterthanstudyingforanhourandahalfatonetime.Evenshorterstudyperiodsarebetterforvocabularylistsandotherdifficultmaterial.Tolearnthemostinatwo-hourstudysession,studydifferentkindsofmaterial;ahalfhourongrammar,15minutesonvocabulary,20minutesonwriting,andsoon.Thechangewillhelptokeepyouinterested.
Youforgetmostquicklyrightafteryoureadorhearsomethingnew.Youshouldreviewrightawaysoyouwon'tforget,andifpossible,explainittosomeoneelse.Whenyoureviewandtestyourselfonthematerial,youarebeingactive;activelearningisbetterthanjustreadingorlistening.
(33)
A.Itisnormaltoforgetthings.
B.Howtokeepthingsinyourlong-termmemories,
C.Howtostudywell
D.Howtogetasmuchinformationasyoucan.
29.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.
(12)
A.She'llgotovisitheraunt.
B.Shehasanimportantappointmentwithafriendshehasnotseenforyears.
C.ShethinksthetrafficinNewYorkisheavyonweekdays.
D.She'llhaveavisitor.
30.(25)
A.Arealisticgoalforlearnersistoreachacertainleveloflanguageproficiency,notnativefluency.
B.Studentscanachievenative-likepronunciationthroughfocusedstudy.
C.Learnersshouldinteractwithnativespeakerstogaingreaterfluency.
D.Teachersneedtohelpstudentsfosteragoodself-esteemandconfidence.
31.SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe
听力原文:Thejudgmentthatcigarettesmokingis(36)hazardoustohealthistheresultofmorethan30yearsofresearchcarriedonbyhundredsofscientistsinthiscountryandabroad.The(37)conclusionthatcigarettesmokingisasignificanthealthhazardissupportedbyeverymedicalandhealth(38)agencyintheworldwhichisknowntohave(39)expressedanopiniononthematter.
Whilecigarettesmokerstendtohavehigherdeathratesthannonsmokers,80percentoftheexcessdeaths(40)associatedwiththishabitarecausedbythreemajordiseases.Theytreelungcancer,(41)coronaryheartdisease,andemphysema.Lungcancerwasararedisease50yearsago.Today,itis(42)estimatedthat60,000menandwomenperyearintheUnitedStateswilldieofthisdiseaseAmongmenitisthemost(43)commoncauseofdeathfromcancer.
Cigarettesmokingisthemajorcauseoflungcancer.(44)Althoughchronicirritationfromcertainchemicalsubstances,radiation,viruses,occupationalhazards,airpollution,andotherenvironmentalfactorshavebeenimplicatedinthisdisease,theyareofsmallimportancecomparedwithcigarettesmoking.(45)Tothosewhosmoke,however,theycanbeimportantinincreasingtherisksstillfurther.Approximately90percentofallprimarycancercasesoccurinpeoplewhosmokecigarettes.Laboratorystudieshaveisolatedfromtobaccosmokeanumberofchemicalcompoundsthatcancausecaner.(46)Inaddition,thereareelementsinsmokethatinteractwithothercompoundstopromotecancerproduction.
Thejudgmentthatcigarettesmokingis【B1】______tohealthistheresultofmorethan30yearsofresearchcarriedonbyhundredsofscientistsinthiscountryandabroad.The【B2】______thatcigarettesmokingisasignificanthealthhazardissupportedbyeverymedicalandhealth【B3】______intheworldwhichisknowntohave【B4】______anopiniononthematter.
Whilecigarettesmokerstendtohavehigherdeathratesthannonsmokers,80percentoftheexcessdeaths【B5】______withthishabitarecausedbythree'majordiseases.Theyarelungcancer,【B6】______heartdisease,andemphysema.Lungcancerwasararedisease50yearsago.Today,itis【B7】______that60,000menandwomenperyearintheUnitedStateswilldieofthisdisease.Amongmenitisthemost【B8】______causeofdeathfromcancer.
Cigarettesmokingisthemajorcauseoflungcancer.【B9】___________________,theyareofsmallimportancecomparedwithcigarettesmoking.【B10】______________________.Approximately90percentofallprimarycancercasesoccurinpeoplewhosmokecigarettes.Laboratorystudieshaveisolatedfromtobaccosmokeanumberofchemicalcompoundsthatcancausecaner.【B11】_____________________
【B1】
32.(19)
A.Thebosswasveryconsideratetohisworkers.
B.Edwasn'tasgoodaworkerasthebossthought.
C.ThebosshadplannedtogiveEdaraiseinsalary.
D.Thebosshasneverconsideredraisingtheworkerssalary.
33.
【B4】
34.【B3】
35.
【B10】
36.【B2】
37.听力原文:M:CanyoubelieveIjusthadtopay20poundsforahaircutinSteward?
F:YoushouldtrythesalonwhereIgo.It'sonly10.Butittakesawhiletogetanappointment.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?
(16)
A.Shesuggeststhemantogotoafartherplacetotrimhishair.
B.Sheofferstocuttheman'shairherselfatthepriceof10.
C.Shetellsthemanacheaperbutbusierplacetohavehishaircut.
D.Sheusedtotrimherhairinaluxurioussaloon.
38.听力原文:Onewaythatscientistslearnaboutmanisbyanimals,suchasmice,ratsandmonkeys.Thescientistsinthislaboratoryareexperimentingonmice.Theyarestudyingtherelationshipbetweendietandhealth.Atthistimeoveronehundredexperimentsaregoingoninthislaboratory.
Inthisexperiment,thescientistsarestudyingtherelationshipbetweentheamountoffoodthemiceeatandtheirhealth.Themiceareinthreegroups.Allthreegroupsarereceivingthesamehealthydiet.Buttheamountoffoodthateachgroupisreceivingisdifferent.Thefirstgroupiseatingonecupoffoodeachday,thesecondiseatingtwocups,andthethirdgroupofmiceiseatingthreecups.
Afterthreeyears,thehealthiestgroupistheonethatisonlyeatingonecupoffoodeachday.Themiceinthisgrouparethinnerthannormalmice.Buttheyaremoreactive.Alsotheyarelivinglonger.Miceusuallylivefortwoyears.Mostofthemiceinthisgrouparestillaliveafterthreeyears.Thesecondgroupofmiceisnormalweight.Theyarehealthy,too.Theyareactive,butnotasactiveasthethinnermice.Buttheyareonlylivingabouttwoyears.Thelastgroupofmicespendsmostofthedayeatingorsleeping.Theyarenotveryactive.Thesemicearelivinglongerthanthescientiststhought:aboutayearandahalf.Buttheyarenothealthy.Theexperimentisstillgoingon.Thescientistshopetofinishtheirstudiesintwoyears.
(33)
A.Mice.B.Rats.C.Monkeys.D.A,BandC.
39.SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe
Afewyearsagoitwas【B1】______tospeakofagenerationgap,adivisionbetweenyoungpeopleandtheirelders.Parents【B2】______thatchildrendidnotshowthemproperrespectand【B3】______,whilechildrencomplainedthattheirparentsdidnotunderstandthematall.Whathadgonewrong?Whyhadthegenerationgapsuddenlyappeared?【B4】______thegenerationgaphasbeenaroundforalongtime.Many【B5】______arguethatitisbuiltintothefabricofoursociety.
Oneimportantcauseofthegenerationgapisthe【B6】______thatyoungpeoplehavetochoosetheirownlifestyles.Inmore【B7】______societies,whenchildrengrowup,theyareexpectedtoliveinthesameareaastheirparents,tomarrypeoplethattheirparentsknowand【B8】______of,andoftentocontinuethefamilyoccupation.Inoursociety,youngpeopleoftentravelgreatdistancesfortheireducation,moveoutofthefamilyhomeatanearlyage,marryorlivewith【B9】______.
Inourupwardlymobilesociety,parentsoftenexpecttheirchildrentodobetterthantheydid:tofindbetterjobs,tomakemoremoney,andtodoallthethingsthattheywereunabletodo.Often,however,【B10】______.Often,theydiscoverthattheyhaveverylittleincommonwitheachother.
Finally,thespeedatwhichchangestakeplaceinoursocietyisanothercauseofthegapbetweenthegenerations.Inatraditionalculture,【B11】______.Theyoungandtheoldseemtoliveintwoverydifferentworlds,separatedbydifferentskillsandabilities.
【B1】
40.听力原文:M:Areyoufreethisafternoon,Mary?Ifyouhavesparetime,willyoujoinusinplayingvolleyball?Lilyhasgotabadcoldsoshecouldn'tplay.
W:I'dliketo.Anywaymybasketballlessonwascancelled,soaslongaslcangoswimmingat7p.m.That'sOK.
Q:Whatwillthewomandothisafternoon?
(16)
A.Shewillplaybasketball.
B.ShewillgotoseeLily.
C.Shewillgoswimming.
D.Shewillplayvolleyball.
三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.SectionB
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.
Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution".
Labor'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemploymentsinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintainingandrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformsofthehigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.
Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbypaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe
"improvementfactor",which
calls
forwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.
Thoughlabourworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itneverdoubtsthatautomation_______.
A.willeventuallypreventunemployment
B.willhelpworkersacquirenewkills
C.willeventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployers
D.isatrendwhichcannotbestopped
42.
Whosufferthebreathingproblemsmostaccordingtothelateststudy?
43.
Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethat______.
A.CUNYonlyreceivesparticularlycleverstudents
B.Americancollegesprovidestudentswithfreeeducation.
C.tuitionfeesinAmericancollegesareveryexpensive
D.studentsofCUNYgenerallypaynotuitionfeesatall
44.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthor______.
A.triestosoundpersuasiveandconvincinginhisopinionsaboutcareerblues
B.believesthatonecannotchangehis/herenvironment
C.canhardlytolerateone'scompleteenjoymentoflife
D.quiteagreeswiththe"up-to-dateresume"attitude
45.SectionB
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.
Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired--rentedatthelowestpossiblecost--mustasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.
Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatepeckingorder.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,oilattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.Theexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasno.chancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer.Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentralusuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm'shierarchy.
WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforce,infact,theyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.
Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.TheresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchangeAndintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan'teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.
Whichofthefollowingappliestothehuman-resourcemanagementofAmericancompanies?
A.Theyhirepeoplewiththeleastpossiblemoneyregardlessoftheirskills.
B.Theyregardskillgainingastheiremployees'ownbusiness.
C.Theyprefertohireself-trainedworkers.
D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeenemploymentcompetition.
46.
ThepurposeofVolunteersinMedicineisto______.
A.helpretiredmedicalworkersimprovetheirincomes
B.providefreemedicalservicestothosewhoneedthem
C.urgethegovernmenttosetupnon-profitclinics
D.makethedreamoftheauthor'sfathercometrue
47.
WhichofthefollowingideasmightprobablybepreferredbyMalcolmMuggeridge?
A.Literaturewillbecomedominantinpresentingwarstories.
B.Peopleshouldhavetheirownideasofwhatisrightandwhatiswrong.
C.TVimagesarepreoccupyingbecausetheyexpressreality.
D.TVprogramsoftenaimtoassaultthetraditionalstandardsandmoresofsociety.
48.
Whatisthetroublesomeproblemtotheforecaster?
49.
Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness______.
A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective
B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview
C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint
D.inthelightofmoralprinciples
50.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.
PresidentCoolidge'sstatement,"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness",stillpointstoanimportanttruthtoday
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