2002年1月联考英语真题含答案

2002年攻读工商管理入学考英语试Section Thereare20 pletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Thepreciousmanuscriptswerehopelesslybylongexposureinthecold,dampcellar.ruinedB.C.destroyedD.theboardofthe hasdecidedtoitsoperationtoincludeallaspectsoftheclothingbusiness.extendB.C.expandD.Thatsounddoesn’tinhislanguage,soit’sdifficultforhimtopronounce.happenB.C.haveD.take modationwascheap,butthefoodwasveryhighB.C.dearD.MybossinsistsonseeingeverythinginbeforehemakesablackandblueB.redandC.blackandwhiteD.greenandTheworkisnotveryprofitablecash,butIhelightofB.accordingC.onthebasisofD.intermsAtthemeeting,SmitharguedinfavoroftheseverelyB.C.fullyD.Hisattentionoftenatlectures,NowonderhefailedthebranchedB.C.wanderedD.wentIt’softenamistaketoappearance:thatpoor-lookingindividualisanythingbutpoor.Infact,heisamillionaire.gooverB.goC.goagainstD.goHedoesn‘tseemtobeabletoanyinterestinhismakeupB.workC.turnupD.useManhasusedmetalsforcenturiesingraduallyincreasingtiesbutitwastheIndustrialRevolutionthattheycametobeemployedinreallyvastquantillB.C.notuntilD.notHisbrother eafinancier,hewantedtowhoB.C.whichD.Thesegoodsaresoldatreducedprices,thedefectsarepointedouttothethedefectspointedouttothethedefectshavebeenpointedouttothethedefectsbeingpointedouttotheBasicresearchprovidesthecapitalfundofscientificknowledge,whichtheappliedresearchers drewtogivesocietyarichrateofinterest.onB.C.outD.I’vekeptupafriendshipwithagirlwhoIwasatschooltwentyyearsaaboutB.C.withD.isgenerallyaccepted,economicalgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentof WhatB.C.itD.TheSocialSecurityRetirementProgramismadeupoftwotrustfunds,couldgopenniless bynextyear.thelargeroneB.thelargerofC.thelargestoneD.thelargestofFormyownpart,inseemsthatthemainrequirementofaninternationallanguageisthatit.wouldbeeasilylearnedB.iseasilyC.willbeeasilylearnedD.beeasilyThereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofgettingcancerthaninthepublicmindtoday.existB.C.existingD.theernmentisbelievedtobeconsideringalawmakingitacrimetoimportanykindofweapon.topassB.tohaveC.passingD.havingSectionIICloze(10Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.Inordertoworkheretheforeignerneedsaworkpermit,whichmustbeappliedforbyhisprospective employer.TheproblemhereisthattheDepartmentofEmploymenthastherightto41orrefusethesepermits,andthereislittlethatcanbe42aboutit,itwouldbeextremelyunwise43a foreignvisitortoworkwithoutapermit,sinceanyonengsois44toimmediatedeportation.Therearesome45tothisrule,mostnotablypeoplefromtheCommonMarketcountries,whoare46toworkwithoutpermitsandwhoareoftengiventemporaryresidencepermitsofuptofiveyears.Some47people,suchasdoctors,foreignjournalists,authorsandothers,canworkwithoutpermits.TheproblemwiththeActisnotjustthatsomeofitsrulesareunfairbut48isadministered,andthepeoplewhoadministerit.Animmigrationofficialhasthepowertostop2visitor49theseshorescomingintothecountry,ifthishappensthevisitorhasthe50toappealtotheImmigrationAppealTribunal.theappealsarebeingconsidered,thevisitorhasnochoicebuttowaitsometimesforquitealongtime.A.allowB.admitC.presentD.A.madeB.doneC.exinedD.A.forB.toC.asD.A.aptB.likelyC.liableD.A.exemptionsB.exceptionsC.excerptionsD.A.prescribedB.qualifiedC.entitledD.A.moreB.fewerC.othersD.A.thewayB.thatC.thetimeD.A.outofB.toC.fromD.A.honorB.C.rightD.SectionIVReadingComprehension(40PartDirections:Thereare4passagesmthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked,B,C,andD,youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETIwithapencil.Questions51to54arebasedonthefollowingShopperswhohaveflockedtoonlinestoresfortheirholidayshoparelosingprivacywitheverymouseclick,accordingtoanewreport.ThestudybytheWashington-basedElectronicPrivacyInformationCenter查)privacypolicieson100ofthemostpopularonlineshopsitesandcomparedthosepolicieswithasetofbasicprivacyprinciplesthathavecometobeknownas“fairinformationpractices.”Thegroupfoundthatnoneofthe100sitesmetallofthebasiccriteriaforprivacypr whichincludegivingnoticeofwhatinformationiscollectedandhowitisused,offeringconsumersachoiceoverwhethertheinformationwillbeusedincertainways,allowingaccesstodatathatgiveconsumersachancetoseeandcorrecttheinformationcollected,andinstituting thekindofsecuritymeasuresthatensurethatinformationwon’tfallintothewronghands.“Thisstudyshowsthatsomebodyelse,otherthanSanta,isreadingyourChristmas,”said JeffChester,executivedirectoroftheCenterforMediaEducation,whichalsoworkedonthesurvey.TheonlineprivacyofchildrenisprotectedbyFederalTradeCommissionrules,butadultsdonotsharethesamedegreeofprivacyprotection.Themovement,liketheonlineshopindustry,favorsselfregulationoverimpositionoffurthermovementrestrictionsonelectroniccommerce.”MarcRosenberg,executivedirectoroftheprivacygroup,saidthestudyshowsthatselfregulationshavefailed,“Weneedlegislationtoenfairinformationpretences,”hesaid.“Consumersareatgreeterriskthantheywerein1997,”whenthegroupreleaseditsfirstreport.Thesurveyalsoaskedwhetherthe100sitesused”profilebased”advertising,andwhetherthesitesincorporate“s”technology,whichgivesWebsitesbasicinformationonvisitors.ProfilingisthepracticeofgatheringinthenusedtocreatetargetedadvertisingonWedsites.Allbut18ofthetopshopsitesdiddisyaprivacy,amajorimprovementovertheearlydaysofelectroniccommerce,whensuchpolicieswerescarce.Butthatdidnotsatisfytheprivacygroup:”Companiesarcpostingprivacypolicies,butthesepoliciesarenotthesamethingAsfairinformationpractices,”Rosenbergsaid.Thesitesalsodidnotperformwellbyothermeasures,thegroupsaiditfoundthat5ofthesitesfeatureprofilebasedadvertising,and87percentuses,Thegroupconcludedthatthephoniesthatwereposted“aretypicallyconfusing, plete,andinconsistent”,Thereport,“SurferBewareIII:PrivacyPoliciesWithoutPrivacyProtection,”isthethirdsuchsurveybythegroup,Itcalledforfurtherdevelopmentoftechnologiesthathelpconsumersprotecttheirprivacyandevenanonymity(匿名)whenexploringtheWhatdoesthesentence“Thisstudyshowsthatsomebodyelse,otherthanSanta,isreadingyourChristmaslist”mean?thestudyshowsthatsomeoneelsewouldbuyconsumersagiftforThestudyshowsthatconsumers’privacyisbeingthestudyshowsthatcompanieswanttomakeaChristmaslistforthestudyshowsthatSantawouldnotbringtheChristmasgiftsthisWhichofthefollowingisnotinthelistofthebasiccriteriaofprivacyprotectionmentionedinparagraph3?GivenoticeofwhatinformationiscollectedandhowitisusedtoAllowaccesstodatathatgiveconsumersachancetoseeandcorrecttheinformationcollected.MakeconsumersbelievethattheinformationprovidedbythesitesissurelyInstitutethekindofsecuritymeasuresthatensurethattheinformationwon’tfallintothewronghands.53.itcouldbedrawnfromthepassagethat.theWashington-basedElectronicPrivacyInformationCenterhasreleasedatleast3reportsconcerningtheonlineprivacyadultscannotgetanyonlineprivacyboththeonlineprivacyofchildrenandthatofadultsarenotprotectedbyFTCrulonly18ofthetopshopsitesdisyedaprivacyWhatdoesthepassagemainlytalkMareRosenberg’sstudyonself-Someonlineproblemsfoundbyaprivacygroup’sAdultsandchildrenareOnlinesecurityQuestions55to58arebasedonthefollowingSupposeyougointoafritterer’sshop,wantinganapple-youtakeupone,andonbitingityoufinditissour;youlookatit,andseethatitishardandgreen.Youtakeupanotherone,andthat,too,ishard,green,andsour.Theshipmanoffersyouathird;but,beforebitingit,youexamineit,andfindthatitishardandgreen,andyou mmediaysaythatyouwillnothaveit,asitmustbesour,likethosethatyouhave tried.Nothingcanbemoresimplethanthat,youthink;butifyouwilltakethetroubletoyzeandtraceoutintoitslogicalelementswhathasbeendonebythemind,youwillbegreatlysurprised.InthefirstceyouhaveperformedtheoperationofinductionYoufindthat,intwoexperiences,hardnessandgreennessinappleswenttogetherwithsourness.Itwassointhefirstcase,anditwasconfirmedbythesecond.Trued,itisaverysmallbasis,butstillitisenoughfromwhichtomakeaninduction;yougeneralizethefacts,andyouexpecttofindspumesinappleswhereyougethardnessandgreenness.Youfounduponthatagenerallaw,thatallhardandgreenapplesaresour;andthat,sofarasitgoes,isaperfectinduction.Well,havinggotyournaturallawinthisway,whenyouareofferedanotherapplewhichyoufindithardandgreen,yousay,“AIIhardandgreenapplesaresour;thisappleishardandgreen;therefore, thisappleissour.”Thattrainofreasoningiswhatlogicianscallasyllogism,andhasallitsvariouspartsandterms-itsmajorpremises,itsminorpremises,anditsconclusion,Andbythehelpoffurtherreasoning, which,ifdrawnout,wouldhavetobeexhibitedintwoorthreeothersyllogisms,youarriveat yourfinaldetermination,“Iwillnothavethatapple.”Sothat,yousee,youhave,inthefirstce,establishedalawbyinduction,anduponthatyouhavefoundedadeduction,andreasonedoutthespecialparticularcase.Wellnow,suppose,havinggotyourconclusionofthelaw,thatatsometimesafterwards,youarediscussingthequalitiesofapplewithafriend;youwillsaytohim,“Itisaverycuriousthing,butIfindthatallhardandgreenapplesaresour!”Yourfriendsaystoyou,“Buthowdoyouknowthat?”Youatoncereply,“On,becauseIhavetriedthemoveradoveragain,andhavealwaysfoundthemtobeso.”Well,ifwewaretalkingscienceinsteadofcommonsense,weshouldcallthatanexperimentalverification.And,ifstillopposed,yougofurther,andsay,“Ihaveheardfrompeople,InSomersetshireandDevonshireandDevonshire,wherealargenumberofapplesaregrown,andinLondon,wheremanyapplesaresoldandeaten,thattheyhaveobservedthesamethingitisalsofoundtobethecaseinNormandy,andinNorthAmerica,inshort,Ifindittobetheuniversalexperienceofmankindwhereverattentionhasbeendirectedtothesubject.”Whereupon,yourfriend,unlessheisaveryunreasonableman,agreeswithyou, andisconvincedthatyouarequiterightintheconclusionyouhavedrawnHebelieves,althoughperhapshedoesnotknowhebelievesit,thatthemoreextensiveverificationshavebeenmade,andresultsofthesamekindarrivedat–thatthemorevariedtheconditionsunderwhichthesameresultsareattained,themorecertainistheultimateconclusion,andhedisputesthequestionnofurther.Heseesthattheexperimenthasbeentriedunderallsortsofconditions,astotime,place,andpeople,withthesameresult; andhesayswithyou,therefore,thatthelawyouhavelaiddownmustbeagoodone,andhemustbelieveit.Applesareused.A.inordertoconvincethereaderthatfruithasnoinB.toillustratethesubjectofthepassageC.togivecolortotheD.toshowhowfoolishlogictheterm”naturallaw”asitappearsinthetextrefersto.A.commonB.theresultofanC.theorderofD.ascientificityoufindahardandgreenapplethatisnotsour,youshouldtrymoreapplestoseeifthenaturallawhaseattherestoftheappleatrejectthelawstatingthathardandgreenapplesareusuallyconductfurtherinvestigationsandmakeadjustmentstothelawofapplesasnecessThewriterisA. B. C. D.NoneoftheQuestions59to62arebasedonthefollowingernmentisnotmadeinvirtueofnaturalrights,whichmayanddoexistintotalindependenceofit;andexistinmuchgreaterclearness,andinamuchgreaterdegreeof perfection;buttheir perfectionistheirpracticaldefect.Byhavingarighttoeverything,menwanteverything,ernmentisacontrivanceofhumanwisdomtoprovideforhumanwants.Menhavearightthatthesewantsshouldbeprovidedforbythiswisdom.Amongthesewantsistobereckonedthewant,outofcivilsociety,ofasufficientrestraintupontheirpassions.Societyrequiresnotonlythatthepassionsofindividualsshouldbesubjected,butthateveninthemassandbody,aswellasintheindividuals,theinclinationsofmenshouldfrequentlybethwarted,theirwillcontrolled,andtheirpassionsbroughtintosubjection.Thiscanonlybedonebyapoweroutofthemselves;andnot,intheexerciseofitsfunction,subjecttothatwillandthosepassionswhichitisitsofficetobridleandsubdue.Inthissense,thelibertiesandtherestrictionsvarywithtimesandcircumstances,andadmittoinfinitemodifications,theycannotbesettleduponbyany rule;andnothingissofoolishastodiscussthemuponthatprinciple.Themomentyouabateanythingfromthefullrightsomen,eachtogolemhimself,andsufferanyartificial,positivelimitationuponthoserights,fromthatmomentthewholeorganizationofernm esaconsiderationofconvenience.Thisitiswhichmakesthecontusionofastate,andtheduedistributionofitspowers,amatterofthemostdelicateandcomplicatedskill.Itrequiresadeepknowledgeofhumannatureandhumannecessities,andofthethugsthatfacilitateorobstructthevariousends,whicharetobepursuedbythemechanismofcivilinstitutions.Thestateistohaverecruitstoitsstrength,andremediestoitsdistempers.Whatistheusediscussingaman’s righttofoodandmedicine?Thequestionisuponthemethodofprocuringandadministeringthem.Inthatdeliberation,Ishallalwaysadvisetocallintheandofthefarmerandthephysician,ratherthantheprofessorofmetaphysics(形而上学)。59Accordingtothe ismadebyismadeinvirtueofnaturalhasarighttoWantsTheauthorstatesthatthewillandthepeoplethemselvesofthe.CanbeeffectivelycontrolledbythepeopleShould ernmentCanbecontrolledonlybyapowerthatexistsapartfromthepeopleandisnotsubjecttothatwillandthosepassionsCannotbeTherestraintsonmenaswellasthelibertiesofmen; A.aremattersforindividualconcernArerightsofShouldbeofnoconcerntotheCannotbetoleratedbyaBesidesadeepknowledgeofhumannatureandhumannecessities,establishingaconstitutionofastateanddecidinguponitspowersrequireaknowledgeof.Thelibertiesandrestrictionsonman,ThethingswhichfacilitateorobstructtheendspursuedinthatstetsciviliThewillofalltheTheconstitutionsofmanyQuestions63to65arebasedonthefollowingThetermcorporateculturereferstoanorganization’svaluesystem.philosophies,workcepractices,andorganizationalnetworkareincludedintheconceptofcorporateculture.TysonFood’scorporatecultureisreflectedinthefa Tysonwears Theleaderswhodevelopedthe andthecorporateculturetypicallyshapethecorporateculture.Onegenerationofemployeespassesonacorporateculturetoneweremployees.Sometimesthisispartofformaltraining;newmanagerswhoattendMcDonald,HamburgerUniversitymaylearnskillsinmanagement,buttheyalsopickupthebasicsoftheorganization’scorporateculture.Employeescanabsorbcorporateculturethroughinformalcontactsaswell,bytalkingwithotherworkersandthroughtheirexperiencesontheCorporateculturehasamajorimpactonthesuccessofanorganization.Inorganizationswithstrongcultures,everyoneknowsandsupportstheorganizations’objectives.Inthosewithweakcultures,noclearsenseofpurposeexists.Infact,theauthorsoftheclassicbookInSearchofExcellenceconcludedthepresenceofastrongcorporateculturewasthesinglecommonthreadamongmanydiversebuthighlysuccessflcompaniessuchasGeneralElectricandMcDonald’sAsyoucanimagine,changinga ’scorporateculturecanbeverydifficult.Butsomemanagerstrytodojustthatwhentheyfeelthecurrentcultureisweak,orwhentheorganization’sobjectiveschangeandtheoldculturenolongerfits.Sometimesthecompetitivesituationofa changes;electricutilities,whichoncehadtheirprofitsguaranteedbypublicregulation,nowfacecapitalist-stylecompetition.FirmsthatwerecomfortablecompetingagainstotherAmericancompaniesnowfindthemselvesfightingcompetitorsfromoverseas,too.ManagementexpertPeterDuckersfeelsthat,ratherthantryingtochange *Definewhatresultsareneeded.Specifyinmeasurabletermswhattheorganization(ordepartment,oroffice)needstoachieve.*Determinewheretheseresultsarealreadybeingachievedwithinthecurrentorganization.yzethedepartmentsthatarealreadyeffectivefindoutwhattheyare gdifferentlyfromtherest.*Determinewhattopmanagementcandotoencouragethesegoodresults.Ruckersuggeststhatexecutivesopenlyaskwhattheycandotohelp,andthendoi _torecognizetheseeffectiveWhenemployeesrealizethattheorganizationreallydoesrewardthenewapproach,theywilladoptitmuchmorequickly.Whetheronewantstochangeanorganization’scultureornot,itisimportanttochoosemanagersandemployeeswhose alstylesfittheorganization’sgAccordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisThecorporatecultureofacorporationcanbehardtoThecorporatecultureofacorporationshouldneverbeStrongcorporateculturesshouldnotbeStrongcorporatecultureishardertobechangedthanweakAccordingtopeterDrunker,whenchangingemployees,amanager.FirstdeterminewhichpartsoftheorganizationbestmeetthecorporatecultuFirstdeterminewhatistobeachievedbytheRewardalltheemployeesthatbestknowtheorganizationscorporateRestructuretheAccordingtothepassage,inMcDonaldsHamburgerNewmanagerslearntheorganizationscorporatecultureatNewmanagershavethechancestoknowabouttheorganizationscorporatecNewmanagersspendmoretimeinstudyingtheorganizationscorporatecultureratherthanmanagementskillsNewmanagersareusuallymoreinterestedinlearningthemanagementPartDirections:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthengiveshortanswerstothefivequestions.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET2.Thegreatestadvantageinmakingyourwillisthatitenablesyoutonametheyouwouldliketohavechargehands.Youknowthatitwillbedonebysomeonewhoisafriendofyoursandwhowilltakea alinterestinseeingthatyourwishesarecarriedout.Ifthecourthastoappoint(任命)anadministratorofyourestate,whileheisboundtofollowthelaw,thereisnoassurancethatitwillbedonethewayyouwouldhavewanteditdone.Secondly,therearemanythingsyoucandoinawillthatcannotbedoneunderthemereoperationofthelaw.Ifyouwanttofavoronerelativeoveranother,youcandosoifyouwriteyourwill.Ifyouwishtoleavesomeofyourpropertytoagoodfriend,thewillittheonlywayyoucandoit.Ifyouwantyourbusinesstobecarriedonbyoneofthestatelawwouldnotallowthesethingstobedone.Secondly,therearemanythingsyoucandoinawillthatcannotbedoneunderthemereoperationofthelaw.Ifyouwanttofavoronerelativeoveranother,youcandosoifyouwriteyourwill.Ifyouwishtoleavesomeofyourpropertytoagoodfriend,thewillistheonlywayyoucandoit.Ifyouwantyourbusinesstobecarriedonbyoneofyourheirsforaperiodoftimeafteryourdeath,itwillhavetobestatedinawill.Themereoperationofthestatelawwouldnotallowthesethingstobedone.Supposeyouarekilledinanautoaccident.Youandyourwifehavechildren,butbothofyouhaveparentsliving.Immediayuponyourdeathyourwifeinheritedalloyourpropertybylaw.Onemonthafteryourdeath,andbeforeyourwifehastakenthetimetowriteawill, essuddenlyanddies.Sinceshehasnowill,allofyourpropertywhichsheinheritedfromyounowgoestoherparents.Yourparentsareleftwithoutacent.Certainly,youwouldnothavewanteditthiseauhadyoutakenthetroubletowriteyourwillanddespisedofyourpropertyaccordingtoyourwishes.WhatisthebesttitleforthisIfyoudiewithoutawillleft,thenwhowillprobably,accordingtotheauthor,takechargeofdisposingofyourproperty?Ifyouhavenorelatives,canyourbestfriendobtainyourpropertyafteryourdeath?Throughwhatway?Whatdoes“it”in“…thatitwillbeincapablehands”inParagraphIreferto?HowdoestheauthormakehispointeasytobeSectionVTranslationDirections:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET2.Geniusissomethingthatisdifficulttomeasuretomeasuretativelysinceitisauniquequality,althoughmostofuscanrecognizegenius