外研八年级上册英语语法复习

八年级上册语法(yǔfǎ)复习1、一般过去时态2、现在完成(wánchéng)时态3、过去进行时态4、反意疑问句5、动词不定式课时(kèshí)：3个标准课第一页，共51页。1一般(yībān)过去时规那么(nàme)动词过去式的构成规那么(nàme)用法(yònɡfǎ)各种句式结构时间状语要求：四人小组分工合作完成！第二页，共51页。2行为动词(dòngcí)的一般过去时过去式的构成(gòuchéng)规那么“直〞一般情况(qíngkuàng)下在动词原形后直接加-ed.如：want—wanted“去〞以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed.如：hope—hoped“双〞重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed.如：stop—stopped“改〞以辅音字母+y结尾的动词改y为i，再加-ed.如：study—studied注意：不规那么动词变化，要逐一熟记。第三页，共51页。32．实义动词过去式的句式。①肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。如：Theyhadagoodtimeyesterday.②否认式：主语+didnot〔didn’t〕+动词原形+其它。如：Theydidn’twatchTVlastnight.③一般(yībān)疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？肯定答复：Yes，主语+did.否认答复：No，主语+didn’t.如：Didtheyhaveameetingtwodaysago？Yes，theydid./No，theydidn’t.④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？如：Whattimedidyoufinishyourhomework？第四页，共51页。43．一般过去时的用法：a.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。MyfatherworkedinShanghailastyear.b.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与often，always等表示频度的时间状语连用。Ioftenwenttoschoolonfoot.c.与when等连词(liáncí)引导的状语从句连用。Whenhegothome，hehadashortrest.4．一般过去时的时间状语：amomentago〔刚刚〕，yesterdaymorning，lastnight/week，thedaybeforeyesterday〔前天〕，justnow〔刚刚〕，in2006,threedaysago等第五页，共51页。5用所给动词(dòngcí)的正确形式填空1.I__________(go)toschoolyesterday.2.She_________(play)footballlastweek.3.Look!Jack_________(sing)now.4.You_____(read)thenewpaperthedaybeforeyesterday.5.I_________(see)Jackinthezoolastweekend.6.I__________(do)myhomeworklastnight7.She_________(open)themailboxthedayaftertomorrow.8.I_______(help)thelittlebabydrinkthemilkthenextmorning.9.Thefarmers__________(work)onthefarmnextweek.10.Myparents_________(watch)TVlastMonday.wentplayedissingingreadsawdidwillopenwillhelpwillworkwatched第六页，共51页。6句型(jùxínɡ)转换1.

IwenttothepartylastFriday.〔改为一般疑问句〕______you______tothepartylastFriday?2.

IhadanicetimelastSunday.〔改为一般疑问句〕______you_______nicetimelastSunday?3.

WewenttoLondontwoyearsago.〔对划线局部提问〕____________you_______toLondon?4.

Hedidhishomeworkinthemorning.〔改为否认句〕He___________hishomeworkinthemorning.DidgoDidhaveWhendidgodidn’t

do第七页，共51页。7现在(xiànzài)完成时规那么(nàme)动词过去分词的构成规那么(nàme)用法(yònɡfǎ)各种句式结构时间标志词谓语构成要求：六人小组合作完成第八页，共51页。8谓语(wèiyǔ)构成：助动词(dòngcí)have/has+动词(dòngcí)的过去分词用法(yònɡfǎ)〔1〕表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already(已经),ever(曾经),yet,just(刚刚),before(以前)等词连用。〔2〕表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用。标志词〔1〕just，never，ever，already，yet等〔2〕for＋一段时间；since＋点时间或引导时间状语从句〔一般多为过去时〕〔3〕sofar(到目前为止)；inthepast/last＋表示一段时间的词语现在完成时态第九页，共51页。9现在(xiànzài)完成时态各种句式(jùshì)结构肯定(kěndìng)式：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否认式：主语+haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他？Ihavelivedherefortenyears.Lucyhaslivedheresince2001.Theyhaven’thadbreakfastyet.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?Howlonghashelivedhere?第十页，共51页。101、see—2、hear—3、study—4、stop—5、write—6、teach—7、catch—8、go—9、play—10、live—11、make—12、forget—写出以下(yǐxià)动词的过去分词形式:seenheardstudiedstoppedwrittentaughtcaughtgoneplayedlivedmadeforgotten第十一页，共51页。11(一)考查现在完成时的一般(yībān)用法()1．——Kitty,willyougotoseethefilmColdMountainthisevening?——No，Iwon’t．I_______italready．A．sawB．haveseenC．seeD．willsee()2.GonewiththeWindisawell—knownnovel．She_______ittwice．A．readB．isreadingC．readsD．hasread()3．——Howlong_____you_____here?——Forabouttwoyearssofar．A.have;studiedB.did;liveC.do;stayD.havechangedABD第十二页，共51页。12〔二〕考查非延续性动词(dòngcí)与一段时间连用的表达方式()1．——Oh．Mrs．king,yourdresslooksnice．Isitnew?——No，I_____itsincetwoyearsago.A．hadB．havehadC．boughtD．havebought()2．Jeffborrowedahistorybookfromhisfriend．He____itforaweek．A．hasborrowedB.haslentC.haskeptD．lend()3.Thestudentsaresorrytohearthatthefamoussinger_____forhalfanhour．A．hasleftB．hasgoneC.hasbeenawayD.hasgoneawayBCC第十三页，共51页。13(三)考查(kǎochá)have／hasbeento，have／hasgoneto与have／hasbeenin的区别()1．——Where'syourfather?——He____Shanghai．He’llbebacknextweek．A．hasgonetoB．hasbeentoC．havegonetoD．havebeento()2．——WhereisDavid?——He_____toEnglandonbusiness．A．isgoingB．hasgoneC．hasbeenD．goes()3.——_____youever_____totheUnitedStates?—----Yes,twice．A．Have;goneB．Have;beenC．Do；goD．Were;goingABB第十四页，共51页。14(四)考查(kǎochá)for与since接时间状语时的区别()1．——Whatanicedog!Howlonghaveyouhadit?----_____twoyears．A．ForB．SinceC.In()2．MissGaohastaughtinthisschool____1993．A.forB．atC．inD．since(五)考查(kǎochá)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别()1．---HehasalreadygonetoEngland．---When______he_______there?A．will;goB．is;goingC．did;goD．has;gone()2．—Haveyoureadthisbook?—yes,I____ittwoweeksago.．A．amreadingB．havereadC．willreadD．readADCD第十五页，共51页。15(六)现在完成时在特定(tèdìng)语境下的使用()1．——Helen，Itoldyoutodoyourhome-workascarefullyasyoucan?——Yes，butI——fewermistakesthanIusuallydo．A．wasmakingB．havemadeC．willmakeD．hadmade()2．——Hasthematchstarted?——Started?Finished！GuoYue______．A．iswinningB．winsC．willwinD．haswon()3.XiaoWang_____Englishforthirteenyears.SohecanspeakquitegoodEnglish.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.willbelearningD.learnsBD

B第十六页，共51页。16

()4.Thefilm_______forhalfanhour.A.hasbegunB.hasbeenbegunC.hasbeenonD.began()5.Youdon’thavetodescribeher.I______herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.meetD.met()6.MissYangisnotathome.She____totheschoollibrary.A.wentB.hasbeenC.goesD.hasgone()7.HehasnevervisitedtheGreatHallofthePeople._____?A.hasn’theB.hasheC.doesheD.doesn’the

BCDB第十七页，共51页。17过去(guòqù)进行时现在分词(fēncí)V-ing构成规那么用法(yònɡfǎ)各种句式结构时间状语谓语构成六人小组合作完成：第十八页，共51页。18过去(guòqù)进行时:谓语(wèiyǔ)构成:was/were+现在(xiànzài)分词V-ing用法：表示在过去的某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态时间状语：atthistimeyesterday〔昨天这个时候〕atthattimelastweek〔上周那个时候〕atnineyesterdayevening〔昨晚九点时〕fromseventotenlastnight〔昨晚从七点到十点〕等，when或while引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句。第十九页，共51页。19Iwasreadinganewspaperwhenhecamein．他进来时，我正在看报。WhileIwaswalkinghome,ImetMrGreen.我步行回家时遇到(yùdào)了格林先生.Myfatherwasreadinganewspaperwhilemymotherwascooking.妈妈做饭时爸爸在看报。注：while引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句，两个过去进行时并用，表示动作同时发生。第二十页，共51页。20过去(guòqù)进行时:各种(ɡèzhǒnɡ)句式结构肯定(kěndìng)式：否认式：Hewassleepingwhenshearrived.她到达时他正在睡觉。Theyweren’tplantingtreesatnineyesterday.昨天早上九点他们不在植树。一般疑问句：Was／Were+主语+v-ing+其它?主语+was/were+v-ing+其它主语+was／werenot+v-ing+其它Washeplayingfootballwhenyourangme?你打给我时．他正在踢足球吗?特殊疑问句:疑问词+was／were+主语+v-ing+其它?WhatwasPeterdoingatthistimelastweek?上周这个时候彼特在于什么?第二十一页，共51页。21用was/were填空(tiánkòng):1、I＿＿＿listeningtothemusic.2、She＿＿＿playingthepiano.3、They＿＿lookingattheflowers.4、We＿＿＿havingapicnic.5、Lingling＿＿＿watchingTV.6、Twoboys＿＿＿readingbook.7、Youruncleandaunt＿＿visitingtheGreatWall.8、Everyone＿＿＿havinglunch.9、People＿＿workingonthefarm.10、Somewomen＿＿singingpopmusic.waswaswaswaswerewerewerewerewerewere第二十二页，共51页。22用所给动词的适当(shìdàng)形式填空。1.You____________(have)ameetingat9lastMondaymorning．2.They__________(play)footballwhenIpassed．3.She___________(take)awalkwhenwehadatalk．4.____they_______(try)todrawhorsesontheblackboardwhentheteachercamein?5.Thestudents_________(1isten)totheteachercarefullywhilehewasteaching。werehavingwereplayingwastaking

Weretryingwerelistening第二十三页，共51页。23

反意(fǎnyì)疑问句意义(yìyì)概念(gàiniàn)答复规律构成当我们陈述一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。………,对吧/是吧?陈述句+简短问句〖助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语〔代词〕〗陈述句是肯定的，简短问句用否认形式；而陈述句是否认的，简短问句就用肯定形式；〔前肯后否，前否后肯〕按事实答复反意疑问句语法归纳:第二十四页，共51页。24一、祈使句用于反意疑问句中

这种类型(lèixíng)较特殊，前一局部是祈使句，后一局部是肯定疑问形式。

句型1:Let’s+动词原形(yuánxíng)+其它，shall

we?

例：Let’s

go

for

a

walk,shallwe?

而Letusgoforawalk,willyou?句型2:其它(qítā)形式的祈使句，will

you?

Come

into

the

classroom,

will

you?

Please

be

careful,

will

you?Don’tpanic,willyou?第二十五页，共51页。25二、含be(is,

are,

was,

were)动词的反意疑问句，需用(xūyònɡ)be的适当形式.①

You

are

from

America,

aren't

you?

Yes,

I

am.

No,

I'm

not.

②

The

Green

weren't

at

home

last

night,

were

they?

—Yes,

they

were.

No,

they

weren’t.

注意：陈述局部主、谓语是I

am...时，反意疑问句用aren't

I

或ain't

I

,而不是am

not

I

(可用am

I

not)。例如：

I'm

working

now,

aren’t

I?

我在工作，是吗？

第二十六页，共51页。26二、行为动词的一般(yībān)现在时的反意疑问句,需用do/does的适当形式。

①

You

often

watch

TV

in

the

evening,

don't

you?

Yes,

I

do.

No,

I

don't.

②The

first

class

begins

at

eight,

doesn't

it?

Yes,

it

does.

No,

it

doesn't.

三、行为动词的一般(yībān)过去时的反意疑问句，需用did的是适当形式。

①The

rain

stopped,

didn't

it?

Yes,

it

did.

No,

it

didn't.

②

Jim’s

parents

didn't

go

to

Hong

Kong

last

month,

did

they?

Yes,

they

did.

No,

they

didn't.四、一般(yībān)将来时的反意疑问句

，需用will的适当形式。

①

The

boys

will

play

games,

won't

they?

Yes,

they

will.

No,

they

won't.

②

It

won't

stop

raining,

will

it?

Yes,

it

will.

No,

it

won't.

五、现在完成时的反意疑问句，需用have、has的适当形式。

①

You

have

been

to

Shanghai

before,

haven't

you?

Yes

I

have.

No,

I

haven't.

②

Jack

hasn't

done

his

homework,

has

he?

Yes,

he

has.

No,

he

hasn't.第二十七页，共51页。27六、陈述局部的主语是everything,

nothing,

anything或something

时，反意(fǎnyì)疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如：Something

is

wrong

with

my

radio,

isn't

it?

我的收音机出毛病了，是吧？

七、陈述局部的主语是

everybody,

everyone,

anybody,

anyone,

somebody,

someone,

nobody,

no

one,

none,

neither

时,

其反意(fǎnyì)疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如：

Everyone

is

here,

aren't

they?

大家都到了，是吗？

No

one

knows

about

it,

do

they?

没有人知道这件事，对吗？

八、陈述局部的主语是指示代词this或that时，反意(fǎnyì)疑问句的主语用it，当陈述局部的主语是指示代词these或those时，其反意(fǎnyì)疑问句的主语用they。例如：

This

is

a

plane,

isn't

it?

这是一架飞机，是吗？

These

are

grapes，aren't

they?

这些是葡萄，是吗？第二十八页，共51页。28

九、注意(zhùyì)：There

be句型

1﹒There

is

an

old

picture

on

the

wall,

isn’t

there?2.There

aren’tany

children

in

the

room,

arethere?

3.There

wasn’t

a

telephone

call

for

me,

was

there?4．There

were

enough

people

to

pick

apples,

weren’t

there?5．There

will

be

a

basketball

match

tomorrow,

won’tthere?

第二十九页，共51页。29★

值得注意的是有时英语的谓语(wèiyǔ)动词并不用否认式〔即没加上not〕，而是用上了“never,

little,

few,

hardly,

nothing,

nobody〞等表否认意义的词，后半局部应用肯定疑问式。

①

You

have

never

been

to

Beijing,

have

you?

②

Mr.

Fat

has

few

friends

here,

does

he?

③

There

is

little

milk

in

the

bottle,

is

there?

④

He

could

do

nothing,

could

he?

第三十页，共51页。30完成以下(yǐxià)反意疑问句：1.Marylistenedtopopmusic,____________?2.HehasneverbeentoShanghai__________?

3.Hehasfewfriendsatschool,_____________?4.Themusicsoundsbeautiful,______________?5.Youcan’tdancetojazz,___________?6.Theyweren’tattheconcert,_____________?7.Let’sstopwriting,______________?8.Don’tbelate,_______________?didn’tshehashedoeshedoesn’titcanyouwerethereshallwewillyou第三十一页，共51页。31动词不定式动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为＂to+动词原形＂，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点：1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以(kěyǐ)跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以(kěyǐ)在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。第三十二页，共51页。32一、动词不定式作主语()1.It'shardforus______Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning()2.It'sverynice_________youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.A.for，ofB.of，forC.to，forD.of，to［简析］动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正(zhēnzhèng)的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)Itis+形容词(ofsb)todosth.(2)Itis+形容词(forsb)todosth.(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth.(4)Itis+名词短语(forsb)todosth.CD第三十三页，共51页。33句式(1)中常用(chánɡyònɡ)nice，kind，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(2)中常用(chánɡyònɡ)hard，difficult，easy，important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。第三十四页，共51页。34二、动词不定式作宾语()1.Hewants______somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys()2.Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking()3.Hefounditverydifficult______.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep［简析］在want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等动词后面(hòumian)，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，那么可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面(hòumian)。CAD第三十五页，共51页。35三、动词(dòngcí)不定式作宾语补足语()1.Robertoftenasksus______hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith()2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked［简析］不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(dòngcí)有：ask，teach，expect，tell，allow等。BC第三十六页，共51页。36四、动词不定式作状语()1.Shewent______herteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing()2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest______Englishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns［简析］go，come，try，do/tryone'sbest等动词或短语(duǎnyǔ)动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。AC第三十七页，共51页。37()3.I'msorry______that.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear()4.I'msorry______you.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled()5.Mymotherwasveryglad______heroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets［简析］＂be+形容词+todosth＂结构(jiégòu)中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。CBA第三十八页，共51页。38五、动词不定式作定语()1.Wouldyoulikesomething______?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks()2.Ihavealotofhomework______.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo()3.Heisnotaneasyman______.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith［简析］不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词(jíwùdònɡcí)，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词(jíwùdònɡcí)。CDD第三十九页，共51页。39六、不带to的动词(dòngcí)不定式()1.Wesawhim______thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered()2.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem______verytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel()3.Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter______.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimupBDC第四十页，共51页。40see，watch，hear，feel等感官动词和make，have，let等使役动词后面作宾语(bīnyǔ)补足语的不定式不带to.2.在＂hadbetter＂后面接不带to的不定式。第四十一页，共51页。41七、动词不定式的否认形式()1.Theoldmantoldthechild______noisy.A.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot()2.Thereisgoingto______animportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetry______late.A.have，nottobeB.have，notbeC.be，nottobeD.be，notbe［简析］动词不定式的否认形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面(qiánmian)加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面(qiánmian)加上not.BC第四十二页，共51页。42八、某些动词后面(hòumian)接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别()1.Pleasestop______arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has()2.——Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?——Sorry,Iforgot______somemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took()3.——Let'shavearest,shallwe?——Notnow,Ican'tstop______theletters.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite4.Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop______(walk).ACCwalking第四十三页，共51页。43双宾语用法(yònɡfǎ)要点此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语〔人〕+直接宾语〔事物〕组成。如，Hebringsmecookieseveryday.Shemademeabeautifuldress.但假设要先说出直接宾语〔事物〕，后说间接宾语〔人〕，那么要借助于介词to或for,如，Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。第四十四页，共51页。44常跟双宾语的动词(dòngcí)有：〔需借助to的〕b