中考英语阅读理解回答问题解题技巧讲解

中考英语阅读理解回答问题解题技巧讲解

-、考点分析

中考D篇阅读难度偏低，但仍有许多学生在相关题型上大面积扣分，很大一部分原因是

“答非所问”。根据考纲要求，中考英语D篇阅读分值为：1+2+2+2+2+3（12分）。想

要尽可能多得分，必须注意答题细节。

§答题的基本步骤

1.先看问题，再读文章：把握主题，确定方向，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，高效

省时。

2.细读全文，认真推敲：细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词。

3.复读全文，验证答案：在找到答案后，应将答案带入问题中，检查有无矛盾，若前后不

一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。

§注意事项

1.答题有据，避免主观。

2.符合原文的答案=正确答案W最佳答案

3.解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善于思考。要

不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己方法或，实践

出真知，多练出效益。

二、专题详解

★回答问题SECTION解题秘籍支

1.顺序原则，注意使用。

在确定前一道题的答案以后，在文中标注出来。做下一题的时候，继续往下找，能有效控

制答题时间，并提高正确率。

2.答题之前，圈关键词（Keywords）。

I.大写、数字、引号优先原则

II.5Wh疑问词必须圈划（who,what,when,why,where,how）

例如：

1.Jakelostoneofhisskisafterhefelloverwhenskiing,didn'the?

2.WhendidhisparentsrealizedthatJakewasmissing?

3.WhatdidJakedotoprotecthimselffromthecoldtemperatures?

4.HowdidJakegetdownthemountainthenextmorning?

5.HowlongdidittakeJakereturntosafetyafterhelosthisski?

6.WhatdoyouthinkofJake?Giveatleastonereason.

3.注意时态一致，代词一致。

例如：（1）Jakelostoneofhisskisafterhefelloverwhenskiing,didn'the?

（回答用一般过去时，代词用he）

WhendidhisparentsrealizedthatJakewasmissing?

（回答用一般过去时，代词用they）

WhatdoyouthinkofJake?Giveatleastonereason.

（回答用一般过去时，省略Ithink,代词用he）

（2）Didmean?回答：Itmeant

4.Why提问，回答格式2种：

I.Because+句子IL.......+todo...........（这里todo表目的）

例如：

92.WhydidRedmaynesaythatthisOscarbelongedtoallofthosepeoplearoundtheworld

battlingALS?

回答：BecauseheactedasStephenHawkinginthefilmandHawkingwasdiagnosedwith

ALS.

5.Where和When提问，介词in/on/at等不能遗漏。

例如：

91.Wherewilltheorphanbearsbesentwhentheyareoldenough?

回答：TheywillbetakentoanaturereserveinBryansk.

很多人只交代了“inBryansk",没有提到自然保护区。所以在回答的时要确保答句尽可

能的完整。

例如：

WhendidhisparentsrealizedthatJakewasmissing?

回答：Whentheygottothefootofthemountain.

注意：询问时间和地点，答案有时候可能是时间/地点状语从句。

6.How提问,用Bydoing…来回答

例如：

HowdidJakegetdownthemountainthenextmorning?

回答：Byfollowingsomeskitracks.

也可以使用完整句式回答：Hefollowedsomeskitracks./Hefoundsomeskitracksand

followedthose.

7.反义和选择疑问句策略：圈划关键定位词

I反义疑问句:

★如知道：Yes,theydo.★如不知：No,theydon^.只有这两种回答方式！！！

例如：

Jakelostoneofhisskisafterhefelloverwhenskiing,didn'the?

回答：Yes,hedid.

如果变换一下题目>改为：Jakedidn'tloseoneofhisskisafterhefelloverwhenskiing,

didhe?

答案依旧是：Yes,hedid.

II选择疑问句：

例如：

Doesagooddetectiveneedmuchknowledgeoragoodassistant?

四种回答方式：IAgooddetectiveneeds

Both/neither/muchknowledge/agoodassistant.

8.开放问题，积极向上

规律：一般而言直接找一个积极向上的形容词回答，避免用good。

I.Whatdoyouthinkof...?

回答格式：Ithink(that)itis/theyare+adj.

可以是helpful,useful,wonderful,amazing,fantastic等一些正方向评价词

注意：有时也有负方向评价词：比如：你对于sandstorm的看法？

可以是Ithinkitisserious/terrible/awful/dangerous.

II.WhatcanyoulearnfromPaul'sstory?

回答格式：IcanlearnfromPaul'sstorythat+句子

in.两个问题务必分两句回答

例如：Doyouthinktheproblemofclimatechangeisserious?Whatshouldyoudo?

回答格式：Yes,Ido.Ishouldplantmoretrees.

IV.给文章取名字

例如:Whatmightbethetitleofthispassage?（InnomorethanTENwords）

回答：InternetAddiction./LearntocontrolInternetuse.

9.真题讲解：

TeenagerJakeDenhamwasskiingwithhisfamilyintheUSAwhenhefelloverandlostoneof

hisskis（滑雪板）・Hisfamilydidn'tknowthathehadaproblem.Theykeptonskiing.Whenthey

gottothefoolofthemountain、［herewasnosignofJake,whichmadethemveryworried.

Jakecouldn'tfindhisskianywhere.Intheend,hedecidedtotakeoffhisotherskiandwalk

downthemountain.Buthecouldn'tworkouttherightwaytogo.

Itwasnowgettingdarkandhewasalongwayfromanyplaceofsafety.Heknewthathemight

diethatnightinthecoldtemperatures.ButJakekeptcalm.Athome,JakewatchedalotofTV

programmesaboutlivingindifficultsituations.Herememberedthetipsfromtheseprogrammes

andknewthatheshouldbuildaholeinthesnow.Hemadeaholeandpointeditupthehillsoth。

windcouldn'tblowintoit.Outsidehishole,thetemperaturedroppedtoadangerous-15℃that

night,butinsideitJakewassafefromthecold.

Buthehadtogetdownthemountain.TheTVprogrammesalwayssaid,“Ifyouarelost,you

shouldfindsomeoneelse'stracks（足迹）throughthesnowandfollowthem.^^“Iwantedtolivemy

remembersJake."SoIgotupandfoundsomeskitracksandIfollowedthose."Hewalked

andwalkedandfinallyhesawlights.Ninehoursafterhelosthisski,hefoundateamofworkers

whocametosavehim.Hewassafe!

Hismumwasveryhappywhensheheardthenews.Amazingly,Jakedidn'tevenhavetogoto

hospital.Hegotthroughtheterribleexperiencewithoutanyinjury.

88.Jakelostoneofhisskisafterhefelloverwhenskiing,didn'the?

89.WhendidhisparentsrealizedthatJakewasmissing?

90.WhatdidJakedotoprotecthimselffromthecoldtemperatures?

91.HowdidJakegetdownthemountainthenextmorning?

92.HowlongdidittakeJakereturntosafetyafterhelosthisski?

93.WhatdoyouthinkofJake?Giveatleastonereason.

文中划线部分为88-92题对应习题的答案出处，分析一下易错点：

1.88题为“反义疑问句”，分值1分。句式“前肯后否”,可当作一般疑问句(DidJakelostone

ofhisskisafterhefelloverwhenskiing?)回答,大部分学生都能答出Yes,hedid.

难度升级，可将原题变为Jakedidn'tloseoneofhisskisafterhefelloverwhenskiing,didhe?

注意：反义疑问句根据“事实”回答，与提问方式无关，所以答案依旧是Yes,hedid.

2.89题为“特殊疑问句，询问时间Z分值2分。从原文能看出回答应用时间状语从句“连接

词+从句，学生习惯于“带着问题找答案”，所以会去原文查找“Jakewasmissing"，错过了答

案。阅读理解是在理解的基础上进行作答，所以一般不会直接找到答案，而是通过“同义句”

的方式给答案蒙上面纱。

“therewasnosignofJake,whichmadethemveryworried'』"Jakewasmissing”,所以答案是

Whentheygottothefootofthemountain.

3.90题为“特殊疑问句，询问行为措施”，分值2分。同样，原文中找不到“protecthimselffrom

thecoldtemperatures”，理解文章得知Jake平时看的电视节目有教会他一些防寒措施：做­

个冰屋。继续往后文多读几行,很容易发现答案Hemadeaholeinthesnowandpointeditup

thehill.

4.91题为“特殊疑问句，询问方式”，分值2分。原文是“SoIgotupandfoundsomeskitracksand

Ifollowedthose"，回答的时候要注意人称变化，所以答案是Hefoundsomeskitracksand

followedthose.或者使用简略回答Byfollowingsometracks.

5.92题为“特殊疑问句，询问多久”，分值2分。答案很容易在原文中找到，简略回答用Nine

hours.用完整的句式回答，注意谓语动词用一般过去时Ittookhimninehourstoreturntosafety.

6.93题为“特殊疑问句，开放性回答、分值3分。描述Jake的品格特征，根据文意可以选

择积极向上的正面形容词，如clever,smart,intelligent,calm,brave等，但必须给出相应的理

由o参考答案BecausehecouldusewhathelearnedonTVinemergency.或Becausehestill

succeededinsolvingtheproblemalthoughhefacedadifficultsituation.

练习

D篇阅读，根据不同文体分类训练：

故事类

Itwas3:21a.m.whenten-year-oldGlennCreamerwaswokenupbythesmellofburning.

Exceptforthecracking（爆裂声）offlamessomewherebelow,therewasnotasoundinthe

two-floorhouse.Butherealizedatoncewhatwashappening.

Ashisfatherwasawayonnightdutyatalocalfactory,Glennwasworriedaboutthesafetyof

hisother,his14-year-oldsisterKarenandhis12-year-oldbrotherTodd.Herandownstairs

throughthesmoke-filledhousetopushandpullatKarenandTodduntiltheysatup.Thenhe

helpedthemthroughthesafetyofthegarden.There,hissisterandbrother,takingshortandquick

breathsandcoughing,couldn,tmoveanymore.

Theten-year-oldracedbackintothehouseandupstairsintohismother\room.Hefoundit

impossibletowakeherupandtherewasnobodytohelpGlenncarryhertothegarden.Butthe

boykeptcalm.Asafiremansaidlater,“Heactedwithalltheself-controlofatrainedadult.^^

Onthebedroomtelephone,luckilystillworking,Glenncalledhisfather.AfterGlennmadesure

hisfatherwouldtelephonethefiremenandambulanceservice,hegotonwiththetaskofsaving

hismother.

Firsthefilledabucketwithwaterfromthebathroomandthrewwateroverhismotherandher

bed.Inthisway,shewouldbekeptawayfromthefirebeforethefiremenarrived.Then,witha

wetclotharoundhisheadhewentbacktothegarden.

Hecouldhearthefireenginecomingup,buthowwouldthefiremenfindhismotherinthe

smoke-filledhousewherefirehadalmostcoveredthegroundfloor?

Fetchingaballofstring（绳）fromthegarage,Glennracedbackintothehouseandrushed

upstairstohismother'sroom.Hetiedoneendofthestringtoherhand.Thenhebegantorunback.

Helaidoutthestringashewentthroughthehallandbackoutintothegarden.

MinuteslaterhewastellingfireChiefJohnCoughlan,“Thestring

Mrs.Creamerwascarriedtosafetyastheflameswere

breakingthroughherbedroomfloor.

88.DidGlennrealizetherewasafirewhenhewokeup?

89.WherewereKarenandToddwhenGlenntriedtosavetheirmother?

90.Whotelephonedthefiremenandambulanceservice?

91.HowdidGlennhelphismotherstaysafebeforethefiremenarrived?

92.WhydidGlennthinkitwouldbedifficultforthefirementofindhismother?

93.Completethesentenceinthelastparagraphaccordingtothecontext(上下文)?

人物传记类

LaurenSingerhasproducedalmostnowasteinthepasttwoyears,providingthatarubbish-free

lifestylepossible.

LaurenstudiedenvironmentalscienceatNYU(NewYorkUniversity),anditwasduringher

studentyearsthatshebeganworkingtowards“zero-waste“goals.Todayshehaslearnedtomake

allofherowneverydayeco-friendlyproducts,suchastoothpaste,shampookitchencleanerandso

on.Shealsosetupherowncompany“TheSimplyCo”,throughwhichshesellsherhomemade

products.

Laurenregularlywritesaboutherexperiencesofazerowastelifeonherblog.Laurenadmits

thatthepasttwoyearshaven?tbeeneasy."Istoppedbuyingpackagedproductsandbegan

bringingmyownbagsandjarstofillwithproductsatthesupermarket,9,sheexplained.

“Istoppedbuyingnewclothesandstoppedforonlysecond-handthings.Isaidnotothingslike

straws(吸管)inmydrinksatbars,toplasticorpaperatstores.^^

Eventhoughthejourneyhasbeenhard,Lauren'szero-wastelifehasbeenwellworththeeffort.

Laurensaysthatshenowsavesalotofmoneybecausesheispreparedwhenshegoesshopping

anddoesnotbuythingsthatshewon'tuseatall.Shealsoeatshealthyfoodbecauseshebuysfresh

organicfruitsandvegetablesinsteadofpackagedfoods.

The23-year-oldgirlhasbecomearolemodeltomany.She'sgivingtalksinschoolsand

colleges,andalsohavingmoreandmoreinterviewsaboutherzero-wastelifestyleonTVandthe

radioworldwide.

88.Lauriehaslivedarubbishfreelifefortwoyearssofar,hasn'tshe?

89.WhendidLaurenbeginworkingtowardsa“zero-waste"goal?

90.WhatkindofthingshasLaurenlearnedtomakebyherself?

91.HowwasLauren'szerowastelifeinthepasttwoyears?

92.WhatdidLaurendoinordertoreacha"zerowaste"goal?(Listatleasttwothings)

93.WhatdoyouthinkmakesLaurendecidetolivealifelikethat?Andwhydoeshersuccess

causesomuchattention?

名词介绍类

Antarctica（南极洲）isthefifth-largestcontinentonEarth.Itisalsothecoldest,windiest,driest

andhighestcontinent.Itisanice-coveredplacewherenolargeplantsgrow,andnolandanimals

livethere.

Antarcticacoversanareaofmorethan13.6millionsquarekilometres.Itisnearlytwicethesize

ofAustralia,orone-and-a-halftimesthesizeoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

Antarcticadoesnotbelongtoonecountry,andithasnogovernment.PeoplevisitAntarctica---

usuallyastourists,ortodoscientificresearch---butnoonelivesthereallthetime.

Antarcticawasthelastcontinenttobediscovered.ItisnotcertainwhofirstsawAntarctica,but

sailorsbegantomapAntarctica'scoastfromtheirshipsinthe1800s.Thefirstconfirmed（证实）

landingwasinthemid-1890s.

Overthenextfewyears,severalmentriedbutfailedtoreachtheSouthPolein1911.Bythen,

countriesaroundtheworldwerebecomingmoreandmoreinterestedinthefrozencontinent,and

soonseveralnations:Argentina,Australia,Chile,France,NewZealand,NorwayandtheUnited

Kingdom,hadlaidclaimtopartsofAntarctica.

AssomanynationshadmadeaclaimtoterritoryinAntarctica,itwasclearthatfightingmight

breakout.Diplomats（外交官）fromdifferentcountrieswantedtostopawarfromstarting,sothey

begantalkingaboutatreatyforAntarctica.Atreatyisawrittenagreementsignedbytwoormore

nations.

SeveralcountrieshadalreadysetupresearchstationsinAntarcticawherescientistscouldlive

andwork.Mostscientistsworkedduringthesummermonthswhenitwasnotascoldasinwinter.

Scientistshopedatreatywouldallowthemtocontinuetheirworkandtoexchangeinformation

withscientistsfromothercountries.

88.AntarcticaisthelargestcontinentonEarth,isn'tit?

89.HowbigisAntarctica?

90.WhofirstsawAntarctica?

91.HowmanynationshadlaidclaimtopartsofAntarctica?

92.WhydiddiplomatsfromdifferentcountriesbegintalkingaboutatreatyforAntarctica?

93.WouldyouliketoworkinAntarcticainthefuture?Why?（Give2—3reasons）

强化练习

（-）

Aboyhasbeeninjuredinatrafficaccident.Hislegisbadlydamaged.IntheemergencyRoom

ofShanghaiNo.6People'sHospital,thedoctorsworksohardtosavetheleg.Theboycriesoutin

pain.Thereisbloodonthebedandontheglovedhandsofthedoctors.Theroomisfulloftension.

Intheend,thedoctorsmanagetosavetheyoungboy'sleg.Thisisreallife,realdrama

and.......realTV!

SinceitsfirstshowlastDecember,ThestoryinER（急诊室故事）hasbecomepopularwith

audienceandpointedtoanewdirectioninrealityTV.Wehavealreadygotusedrealityshows

suchasTheVoiceofChina（中国好声音）andDad,WhereAreWeGoing（爸爸去哪儿）.These

showsonlywanttoamusepeople.Audiencemaythinktheminterestingandfunnywhilewatching.

ButThestoryinERtakesusdeeperintothelivesofothers.

RealityTVhaditsbegginginEuropeintheearly1990s.Sincethen,hundredsofrealityshows

haveappearedaroundtheglobe——thereare176onBritishtelevision,alone!Theseshowsarenot

realdocumentaries（2己录片），butfocusonpersonaldramasanddifficultiescontrolledbythe

producerstocatchmorepeople'seyes.

ThestoryinER,however,isreallyreal-realpain,realsuffering,andrealsituations.Noneed

fbrcontrollinghere!Someaudiencemayfeeluncomfortable,butwecan'thelpwatching,because

it'shumannaturetobeattractedbytheupsanddownsofthelivesofotherhumanbeings.Also,

welearnthingsbywatchingothers.TheStoryinERgivesusachancetogobehindthescenesand

seehowhospitalsworkandhowhardthemedicalstaffwork.Itallowsustoimaginehowwe

mightreactinsimilarstressfulsituations.Italsoletsusappreciatehowluckyweare.

88.Dothedoctorssavetheboy'slegsuccessfullyinTheStoryinER?

89.HowdoaudiencelikeDad,wherearewegoingaccordingtothepassage?

90.Wheredidrealityshowsstart?

91.Whomakesrealityshowsmoreattractiveaccordingtothewriter?

92.WhydoesTheStoryinERneednocontrolling?

93.IsTheStoryinERagoodchoiceforaTVstation?Giveyourreason.

（二）

I,Robot2:humansvs.robots!

HereisapieceofgoodnewsforI,Robotfans:Robot2maysoonmeetthepublic!

I,Robot,thesciencefictionactionfilmreleasedin2004,wassuchahotmoviethatitgrossed

（收入总计）$347millionforaworldwidetotal.

Thestoryisbetweenhumansandrobots.In2035,robotsservehumansunderthreelaws:

1.Arobotmaynotinjureahumanbeing;

2.Arobotmustobeyordersgivenbyhumanbeings.

3.Arobotmustprotectitselfaslongassuchprotectiondoesnotconflictwiththefirstor

secondlaw.

However,withthedevelopmentoftechnology,therobotsstarttohavetheirownthinking.

Insteadofobeyingtheordersastheyareprogrammed,theywanttoprotectthemselvesandrule

humanbeings.Abattlebetweenhumansandrobotsisinevitable（不可避免的）.

Doyoubelievethatonedaycomputersmaybeclevererthanhumanbrains?Areyouafraidthat

robotsinventedbyhumanscansurpasshumansandconquertheworld?Let'sfindtheanswersinI,

Robot2.

88.WhatkindoffilmisI,Robot?

89.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?

90.Howdorobotsservehumans?

91.Inwhatcasemustrobotsprotectthemselves?

92.Whathappenstotherobotswiththedevelopmentofthetechnology?

93.AreyoulookingforwardtoseeingthefilmI,Robot2?Why?

（三）

WhichChinesecitydoyouthinkpeopleliveaveryhappylife?Well,Chengduisatthetopof

2015rankings（排名）fbrChina'sHappiestCitiesreleasedbyXinhuaNewsAgencyandtheChina

AssociationofMayors.ThisisthesecondyearinarowthatthecapitalcityofSichuanischosen.

SowhathasmadeChengdusuchahappyplacetolive?AsPeople'sDailysaid,“Partofthe

reasonistheleisurelyandslow-paced（慢节奏的）lifestylethatmanypeopleinChengdulive.^^

TofindthepleasuresofChengdulifestyle,thefirstthingyoushouldtryisthefood.Chengdu

cookingstyleisfamousfortheuseofSichuanesepeppercorn（花椒）andhotchillies（辣椒）.

“NothingismoreimportanttoChengdupeoplethanfood,^^saidDuLi,aprofessorattheSichuan

HigherInstituteofCuisine."Theylovetofindsmallrestaurantsinout-of-the-wayplacesthat

havegreattastes."Therearearound40,000restaurantsinChengdu,thehighestdensity（密度）of

restaurantsofanycityintheworld.

AnotherimportantpartofChengdulifeistheteahouses.Foundeverywhereinthecity,the

teahousesaremuchmorethanjustaplacetodrinktea.Teahousesareplacestodobusiness,meet

withfriends,showoffpetbirds,listentoChuanju（Sichuanopera）,andmostimportantly,play

mahjong（麻将）.Asalocalsayinggoes,“Ifyoucannotfindsomeone,heorsheisplaying

mahjong,orontheirwaytoplaymahjong.,,

88.HowmanytimeshasChengdubeenatthetopoftherankingsforChina'sHappiestCities?

89.WhatarethepleasuresoftheChengdulifestyle?

90.HowdopeoplemaketheirdishesmorefamousandspecialinChengdu?

91.WhatkindofrestaurantattractsChengdupeoplemost?

92.Peoplegototheteahousesfoundeverywhereinthecityonlyforenjoyingtea,don'tthey?

93.WhyisChengduchosentobeaChina'shappiestcityagain?Whatothernecessaryfactors（要

素）doyouthinkahappiestcityhas?

参考答案

真题答案

88.Yes,hedid.

89.Whentheygottothefootofthemountain.

90.Hebuiltaholeinthesnow./Hemadeaholeinthesnowandpointeditupthehill.

91.Byfollowingsomeskitracks./Hefollowedsomeskitracks./Hefoundsomeski

tracksandfollowedthose.

92.Ittookhimninehourstoreturntosafety./Ninehours.

93.Hewasclever/smart/intelligentbecausehecouldusewhathelearnedonTVin

emergency./Hewascalm/bravebecausehestillsucceededinsolvingtheproblem

althoughhefacedadifficultsituation.

练习答案

88.Yes,(hedid).

89.Inthegarden.

90.Glenn9sfather/Mr.Creamer.

91.(Hehelpedhismotherstaysafeby)throwingwateroverherandherbed.

92.Becausethehousewasfilledwithsmoke.

93.(Thestring)willleadyoutomother/canhelpyoufindmother.

88.Yes,shehas.

89.WhenshestudiedatNYU./WhenshewasastudentatNYU./Itwasduringher

studentyearsthatshebeganworkingtowardsa“zero-waste"goal.

90.Shehaslearnedtomakeallofherowneverydayeco-friendlyproducts,(suchas

toothpaste,shampoo,kitchencleanerandsoon.)

91.Itwasdifficult./Itwasn'teasy.

92.Shehaslearnedtomakeallofherowneverydayeco-friendlyproducts,suchas

toothpaste,shampoo,kitchencleanerandsoon.

Shestopped