现在完成时精讲及练习(附答案)

。现在完成时精讲和练习（附答案）一、现在完成时的六种常用情景：（一）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，1 、Thecarhasarrived 。车子来了。（对现在结果的影响是：车子已在门口）、Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了。（对现在结果的影响是：窗户仍破着）、It’ssodark。Someonehasturnedoffthelight.这里很黑，有人刚把灯关了。（对现在结果的影响是：现在很黑）、Areyoufree?Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree.你有空吗？我已经做完了家庭作业。我有空。（我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在影响是：很有空）。（二）表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。一般会和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等。这时表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词。1、Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears 。我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。2、Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002 。自从2002年Mr.Black 一直住在中国。3、Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你来这里多久了？4、IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears 。我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在)5 、Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago 。我已经游泳了半个小时。 (半个小时前开始，到现在还在游 )（三）经验性用法：表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。常与频度副词如 often、always、everyweek、twice（三次、n次）等连用。1 、IhavebeentotheSummerPalacetwice 。我曾经去过颐和园两次。2 、Hehasalwayssaidso 。他总是这么说.（四）表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历 .、HaveyoueverbeentotheSummerPalace?你曾去过颐和园吗?、Ihaveneverhadacar.我从未有过汽车。（五）现在完成时还常与句型Thisisthefirsttime，It’sthefirsttime连用。Thisisthefirsttimehehasdrivenacar.这是他第一次开车。（六）现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最的。精选资料，欢迎下载。It ’sthemostboringfilmI ’veeverseen.这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。二．现在完成时的语法结构过去 现在 将来（一）肯定式：主语+助动词（have/has）+动词的过去分词。（二）否定式：否定式直接在助动词后面加上 not。主语+助动词否定形式（have/has+not ）+动词的过去分词。havenot ，hasnot的缩略式分别为 haven't ，hasn't。另外若是肯定句改成否定句时，若有 some、already 时，要分别改成any，yet。有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。例句如下：1 、Wehaveneverspokentoaforeigner ．我们从来没有和外国人说过话。2 、Ihaveneverseenhimbefore ．以前我从来没有见过他。（三）一般疑问式：疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。助动词（Have/Has）+主语+动词的过去分词。肯定回答Yes，主语+助动词（Have/Has）否定回答No，主语+助动词否定形式（have/has+not）。有时也可以用No，notyet。No，never。No，notevenonce。陈述句改成一般疑问句时，把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some，already改为any，yet就构成了一般疑问句（四）否定疑问式：把助动词 +not提到主语之前助动词（Have/Has）+主语+not+动词的过去分词。助动词（Have/Has）n't+主语+动词的过去分词。否定疑问式 简单回答（肯定 /否定）HaveInot(Haven ’tI)studied ? Yes,youhave.No,youhaven ’t.Haveyounot(Haven’tyou)studied ? Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven ’t.Hashenot(Hasn ’the)studied ? Yes,hehas.No,hehasn ’t.（五）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +助动词（Have/Has）+主语+动词过去分词。（六）助动词have有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数 has，其余用have。（七）例句：1 、Hashegonetothelibrary? 他是去了图书馆吗？Yes,hehas. 是的，他去那里了。 No,hehasn ’t. 不，他没去那里。2 、HowlonghasMrsSmithbeeninBeijing ？Smith夫人来北京多长时间了？精选资料，欢迎下载。三、现在完成时的标志词（一）当句中有 never(从来没有),ever( 曾经),just( 刚刚),already( 肯定),yet(否定),before(以前)，recently(近来)，sofar(到目前为止)，inthepast/lastfewYears(在过去几年里)、uptonow（直到现在）等时，常用现在完成时。、already往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气。yet用于否定句和疑问句。yet在否定句中有“还”之意。（1）Hehasalreadylefthere 。他已经离开这里了。（2）Hashealreadylefthere?他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）（3）Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet 。我的老师们还没有吃早饭。（4）Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?你已经给你父母写过信了吗？2、never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，表示全部否定。而ever 表示“曾经”，多见于疑问句或否定句中。（这个用法还需要在考证。）（1）WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall 。我们从来没有去过长城。（2）HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？（3）Haveyoueverseenthefilm? No.Ihaveneverseenit你曾经看过这部影片吗？ 没有，从来没看过。（4）Nobodyinourclasshaseverbeenthere 。我们班没有人去过那。3、just 表示“刚刚”，用于完成时态时，与 already，never等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词 have/has和动词过去分词之间。（1）Hehasjustcomeback 。他刚刚回来。（2）Theyhavejustfinishedthework 。他们刚刚完成那项工作。（3）Thetrainhasjustarrived 。火车刚到。4、inthepastfewyears意思是“过去几年来”，可作现在完成时的时间状语；inthepast意思是“在过去”，常作一般过去时的时间状语。（1）Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepastfewyears.过去几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。（2）Wheredidyouworkinthepast?你过去在哪里工作？5、lately, recently 是完成时的时间状语，just now有amomentago之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。（1）DidyouseeJoanjustnow?你刚才看到琼了吗？精选资料，欢迎下载。2）Haveyouheardfromyourfamilylately/recently?你最近收到家人的来信了吗？6、evensincethen 与fromthenon(afterthat) 都有“打那以后”之意，前者是完成时的时间状语，后者常用作一般过去时的时间状语。（1）She’slivedhereeversincethen 。打那以后，她一直住在这。（2）Ididn’thearofJimfromthenon/afterthat 。打那以后，我就没有吉姆的消息。7、before泛指“以前”时，可用于现在完成时中； ago表示“现在的一段时间以前”，是一般过去时的时间状语。（1）I’veneverbeentoJapanbefore 。我以前没去过日本。（2）ShewenttoJapanayearago她一年前去了日本。、sofar(到目前为止)，thesedays(这些天)也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。1）Sofar,nomanhastravelledfartherthanthemoon.到目前为止，还没有人到月球以外旅行。2）Whathaveyoudonethesedays?这些天来，你做了什么事？9、now,today,thismorning,thisyear 等有时可以用现在完成时中，以表示到说话时这一时间尚未结束。（1）Ihavelearnedhowtoswimnow 。我现在终于学会了怎样游泳。2）HaveyouseenHanMeimeithismorning?你今天上午看到韩梅梅了吗？（二）当句中有"for+段时间"或"since+点时间"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。1、for+一段时间（1）Ihavebeenherefor5weeks 。我已经在这里五个星期了。（2）He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years 。他学习英语已经三年了。2、since+表示过去某一时间的)时间点它的三种用法是：1）since+（过去的月份/年份）。Ihavebeenheresince2000.我从2000年以来一直在这里。2）since+一段时间+ago。Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.我从五年前就在这里。（3）since+一般过去时从句。精选资料，欢迎下载。IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.我从2000年毕业就一直在这里。3、短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,gettoknow,go,join,leave,marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等或短语“be+名词（形容词、位置副词、介词短语）”来代替短暂性动词。arrive(at/in)--be(in/at)become→bebegin→haveborrow→keepbuy→havecome(go,arrive,get)→behere/there/inclose--becloseddie→bedeadfallasleep(ill)→beasleep(ill)finish→beoverget(to)--be(in/at)gettoknow→know,join→bein或者beamemberofleave→beaway(from),marry→bemarried等reach--be(in/at)return--bebackstart/begin--beonopen--beopen也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型“Itissince从句（从句中用一般过去时）”或用“一般过去时+ ago”这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状态。（1）他入党五年了。HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.HehasbeenaPartymemberforfiveyears.ItisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty.HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.（2）电影开始五分钟了。Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.ItisfiveminutessincethefilmbeganThefilmbeganfiveminutesago.（3）Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears 。他参军三年了。（4）Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears 。他父亲去世二年了。（5）WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears 。我们（开始）学英语已三年了。但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。（1）Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。（2）Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。四、现在完成时注意事项：1 、since 可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”。另外since前也可加上ever,精选资料，欢迎下载。以加强语气。（1）Eg.Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.（2）Ihavebeenhere(ever)sinceIgraduatedin2000.2、对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用 howlong, 决不能用when.（1）Ihavelivedherefor10years 。（对划线部分提问）Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?（2）Shehasstoodheresince2hourago 。（对划线部分提问）Howlonghasshestoodhere?3、havebeen与havegone 的用法比较（1）havebeento：到过，去过。表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。（2）havegoneto：去了。表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。（3）havebeenin：呆在某处一段时间了。以下是具体例句：（1）HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去过南京吗？（2）Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？（3）IhavebeentoGuiling,Iwenttherelastyear.我去过桂林，我去年去的。（4）ShehasgonetoNanjing.她已经去南京了。五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别（一）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作。现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday. （强调动作发生的时间是 yesterday 。）Ihaveseenthis film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）（二）一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用， 如：ago,last week/...In2008, in the past, just now, the day beforeyesterday,yesterday...Then( 那时),thatday,oneday,once( 从前)（三）现在完成时常和 recently （近来），ever,never,twice,sofar（到目前为止）,since ，for，inthepast/lastfewyears,already （肯定句）,yet （否定，疑问句） ,just( 刚刚),before （以前）连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。（四）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态， 动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.六、非延续性动词和延续性动词（一）延续性动词和非延续性动词。动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。“过去对现在”（非延续动词） “过去到现在”（延续性动词）延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。此类动词常见的如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,精选资料，欢迎下载。watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay 等。非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。此类动词常见的如 open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。（二）非延续动词的记忆口诀：现在完成在瞬间；非延只连时间点；终止需转换；否定方可碰一段。、非延续动词可以有现在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间，若要接一段时间，须要做一些相应的变换。、非延续动词动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。、初中阶段常见的瞬间动词有：（1）来(come)、去(go)、到(get to/reach/arrive at)、离(leave) 、看(see)、听（说）hear。（2）买(buy)、卖(sell) 、开(open)、关(close) 、起床(get up) 跌落（fallsleep ）参加(join/takepartin) 、开发(begin/start) 。3）还(return/give)（与）借(borrow<from>/lend<to>)（4）变成(become/turn)、带(bring/take)、给(give)、死(die)、完(finish/end)、接(receive/hearfrom)。（5）口诀：两始两到，来去加跳；借进借出，买床失落,给开关死离。两始start，begin；两到getto，arrive；来去come，go；加跳join，jump；借进借出lend，borrow;买床失落buy，getup，lose，fall；给开关死离give，open，close，die，leave。、非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。试比较：1）他死了三年了。误：Hehasdiedforthreeyears。正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears。正：Hediedthreeyearsago。正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied。正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied。（2）史密斯先生来这儿五天了。误：Mr.Smithhascomehereforfivedays。正：Mr.Smithhasbeenhereforfivedays。正：Mr.Smithcameherefivedaysago。正：ItisfivedayssinceMr.Smithcamehere。正：FivedayshaspassedsinceMr.Smithcamehere。非延续性动词延续性动词arrivebeherebecomebebegintostudystudybegin/startbeon精选资料，欢迎下载。borrow keepbuy/get havecatch ／getacold haveacoldclose beclosedcomeherebeherecometobeincometoworkworkdiebedeaddressbedressedend／finishbeoverfallasleepbeasleepfallill(sick,asleep)beill(sick,asleep)finish/endbeovergettoknowknowgetto/arrive/reachbe(in)getupbeupgo(get)outbeoutgoabroadbeabroadgotherebetheregotoschoolbeinschooljoinbein/beamemberofleavebeaway（from）marrybemarried（to）movetoliveinopenbeopen/keepopenputonwear或beonsitdownbeseatedwakeupbeawake现在完成时练习一一、翻译下列句子：、你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？、我刚刚丢了我的化学书。、我以前从来没去过那个农场。、他已经吃过午饭、你已经看过这部电影了吗？精选资料，欢迎下载。、我哥哥还没回来。、这本字典我已买了三年了。、他离开中国三年了。、我认识他们五年了。、他们已去了美国五年了。、自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。、我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。、自从1999年以来他们就认识。、我来到这个学校已3年多了。二、用since和for填空1.______twoyears 2.____twoyearsago3.___lastmonth 4.______19995._______yesterday 6._______4o ’clock7 4hours 8._____anhourago9.___wewerechildren 10._____lunchtime11.____shelefthereHehaslivedinNanjing___theyearbeforelast.I’veknownhim______wewerechildren.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese______threeyears.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity______abouttenyears.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。（一）arriveat/insp/getto/reachsp/come/go/movetospbeinsp/atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere1 、HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.He Beijingfor .2 、ImovedtotheUSAin2008.I theUSAsince .3 、Iwenthomeyesterday.I homefor .4 、Theycameherelastweek.精选资料，欢迎下载。They___________heresince_____________.（二）cometo/gobackto/returnto →bebackto goout →beout1 、Hecameouttwoyearsago.He______________for____________.2 、WereturntoBeijingyesterday.We_______________toBeijingsince__________.（三）become→be1 、Ibecameateacherin2000.I________________ateacherfor_________________.2 、Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver______________dirtyfor_______________.（四）close →beclosed open →beopen1 、Theshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop_____________________for_________________.2 、Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor________________________forsixhours.（五）getup→beup；die →bedead；leave sp.→beawayfromsp.fallasleep/gettotsleep →beasleep；finish/end →beover；marry →bemarried ；1 、Igotuptwohoursago.I_____________________since_______________.2 、HeleftShanghaijustnow.He__________________________Shanghaiforfiveminutes.3 、Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa__________________for_______________.4 、Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.5 、Igottosleeptwohoursago.I________________since__________________.6 、Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________.（六）start/begintodosth. →dosth. ；begin →beon、Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I________atthisschoolsince____.、Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________.（七）borrow→keep；lose→nothave；buy→have；puton→wearcatch/getacold→haveacold；gettoknow→know1、Theyborroweditlastweek.They__________itsince_____________.2、Iboughtapentwohoursago.I____________apenfor_____________.精选资料，欢迎下载。3 、Igottoknowhimlastyear.I___________himsince___________.4 、Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I_________myglassesfor______________.（八）have/hasgoneto →havebeenin1 、HehasgonetoBeijing.He_____________Beijingfortwodays.（九）jointheleague/theParty/thearmy→bealeaguemember/aPartymember/asoldier→beamemberoftheleague/theParty→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy1 、Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.He_________________a_________________fortwoyears.He___________a_________the________fortwoyears.He_______________________theleaguefortwoyears.2 、Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrother_________a________for______________________.Mybrother___________in___________fortwoyears.四、划线提问1 、Ihavebeentherefortwodays._________________________you__________________?2 、Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000._______________________yourfather________________?3 、Helefthereyesterday._________________he___________________?、Theyboughtabooktwohoursago.___________________they__________abook五、用have(has)been 或have(has)gone 填空。Where____________LiFei___________?He____________toHainanIsland.Howlong___________he___________there?He_____________thereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I ’mafraidhewon ’tcomebackrecently.CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?Sorry,I_________never___________there.Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?He_____________thereonlyonce.六、用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto 及go的各种形式填空。、WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.、David________theparkjustnow.精选资料，欢迎下载。、John_______Englandsincehecameback.、Howlong_____they_____thisvillage?、TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.、_____youever____America?--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.、I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.、WhereisJim?He_____thefarm.、When_____he_____?He_______anhourago.、Wouldyouliketo_____tothezoowithme?Yes,butI_____therebefore.、Where_____you_____now?---I____tothezoo.、Heoften_____swimming.、_____you______therelastyear?、_____theyoften______skatinginwinter?七用never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since 填空、Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.、Jackhas_________finishedhishomework.、Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.4、“Haveyou________seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seenit.”5、“Hasthebusleft_______?”“Yes,ithas_________left.”八. 用适当的时态填空：、She’s_____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.、Bothofthem________________(be)inHongkongfortendays.3、Bothofthem____________(come)toHongkongtendaysago.4、Halfanhour__________(pass)sincethetrain__________(leave).5、Mary________(lose)herpen.________you_______(see)ithereandthere?、_________you_____(find)yourwatchyet?、Areyouthirsty?NoI_________just_________(have)someorange.8、We already_________(return)thebook.、________they_______(build)anewschoolinthevillage?、I_____________(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme?、Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.、I_________(buy)abookjustnow.、I_________(lost)mywatchyesterday.、Myfather___________(read)thisbooksinceyesterday.现在完成时练习二一．单项选择。–WhereisMr.Liu?-----He_______thelibrary.A.hasbeento B.hasgoneto C.hasbeenin精选资料，欢迎下载。2.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,________?A.sothey B.don ’tthey C.havethey D.haven ’tthey3.IlikeHainan.I________therethreetimes.A.went B.go C.havebeen D.havegoneWecametoNanjingthreeyearsago,sowe________hereforthreeyears.A.havebeento B.havebeenin C.havebeen D.havegone5.-Howlong______you_______yourdictionary?-Abouttwomonths.A.did;buy B.have;get C.have;had D.have;bought6.Hetellsmehe________Chinaforoverfiveyears.A.hasbeen B.hasbeenin C.hasbeento D.hasgoneto7._____hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe_____toChina?A.Howsoon,comes B.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,came D.Howfar,arrived8.Hisuncle________formorethan9years.A.hascomehere B.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthere D.haslefttheuniversity二、按要求改写句子。9.Hehasneversurfed,__________( 改成反意疑问句）?10.Theyhavebeenheresince2000.( 对划线部分提问)__________havetheybeenhere?11.Theoldman_________lastyear.He________forayear.(die)12.Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.( 改写句子，句意不变)Thisfactory_________fortwentyyears.13.MissGaoleftanhourago. （改写句子，句意不变）MissGao___________an__________hourago.14.TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago. （改写句子，句意不变）_________twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.15.Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.（改写句子，句意不变）_____________________________________________.三、动 词填空：、_____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.、______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3、Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?4、I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.精选资料，欢迎下载。5 、She_________(go)toPairs,hasn ’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.、Sofar,manycountries_______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.、MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.、Mrchen__________(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.四、选词填空（一）选用for 和since 填空:Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.（二）、用Havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin 填空Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.She_________theshop.3.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Where_____you______thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.6.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe________.7.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.现在完成时练习一答案一、翻译下列句子：、Haveyoueverhad/eatenfishandchips?、Ihavejustlostmychemistrybook.、Ihaveneverbeentothefarmbefore.、Hehasalreadyhadlunch=Hehashadlunchalready.、Haveyouseenthemovieyet?、Mybrotherhasn’tcome/get/beenbackyet精选资料，欢迎下载。或者Mybrotherhasn ’treturnedyet.7 、Ihavehadthis dictionary for three years/sincethreeyearsago.、HasbeenawayfromChinaforthreeyears.、Ihaveknownthemforfiveyears.、TheyhavebeenintheUSAforfiveyears.、HehasbeenheresincehemovedtoJining.、Mysisterhasbeenacollegestudentforthreeyears或者Mysisterhas beenincollegeforthreeyears.、Theyhaveknowneachothersince1999.、Ihavebeeninthisschoolforoverthreeyears.二、用since或者for填空1.for 2.since 3.since 4.since 5.since6.since 7.for 8since 9.since 10.since11.since 12.since 13.since 14.for 15.for16.since三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语（一）1、hasbeenin,fiveminutes、havebeenin,2008、havebeenat,twodays、havebeen,lastweek（二）1、havebeenout,twoyears、havebeenback,yesterday（三）1、havebeen,nineyears、hasbeen,twoyears（四）1、hasbeenclosed,twohours2.hasbeenopen（五）1、havebeenup,twohoursago、hasbeenawayfrom、hasbeendead,sevenyears、hasbeenover、havebeenasleep,twohoursago、havebeenmarried,1990（六）1、havetaught,1995、hasbeenon,twominutes（七）1、havekept,lastweek、havehad,twohours、haveknown,lastyears、haveworn,threeyears（八）hasbeenin（九）1、hasbeen,Leaguememberhasbeen,memberof,Leaguehasbeenin精选资料，欢迎下载。、hasbeen,soldier,twoyearshasbeen,thearmy四、划线提问、Howlonghave,beenthere、Howlonghas,livedhere、Whendid,leavehere、Whendid,buy五、用have(has)been 或have(has)gone 填空。WherehasLiFeigone?HehasgonetoHainanIsland.Howlonghashebeenthere?Hehasbeenthereforthreedays.Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I ’mafraidhewon ’tcomebackrecently.CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?Sorry,Ihaveneverbeenthere.HowmanytimeshasLiFeibeentothatplace?Hehasbeenthereonlyonce.六、用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto 及go的各种形式填空。1.hasgonet 2.wentto3.hasbeenin 4.have,beenin5.havebeenin 6.Have,beento;havebeen7.havebeenin/at 8.hasgoneto9.didgo;went 10.go;havebeen11.are,going;amgoing 12.goes13.Did,go 14.Do,go七、综合练习:never2.just,already3.for4.ever,never5.yet,just/already八.用适当的时态填空：1.lived/hasbeenliving2.havebeen3.went4.haspassed;left5.haslost;have,seen6.Have,found7.have,had8.have,returned9.Have,built10.haven’tfinished11.hasread12.bought13.lost14.havebeenreading/hasread精选资料，欢迎下载。现在完成时练习二参考答案：一、1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.C二、9、hashe?10、Howlong11、died,hasbeendead12、hasbeenopen13、hasbeenaway14、Itis,since15、Thebushasbeenherefortenminutes.三、动词填空、Have,cleaned,havedone,did,do,did、Has,seen,did,see,saw、have,been、haveread、hasgone,did,go,went、havedeveloped、gave、hasgiven四、（一）1、for 2 、since3 、for 4 、since5 、for 6 、since（二）1、havebeenin2 、hasgoneto3 、Have,been4、have,been5 、hasbeen 6 、hasgone 7 、have,been附录一过去分词、过去式的变化：一、规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则如下：（一）一般动词，在词尾直接加 “-ed”。（请注意过去分词并不是过去式）work---worked---workedvisit---visited---visited精选资料，欢迎下载。（二）以不发音的“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加 “d”。live---lived---lived（三）以“辅音字母+y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为"i" ，再加“-ed”。study —studied—studiedcry —cried—cried,try —tried—tried,fry —fried—fried.（四）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母（r、y、x除外），先双写该辅音字母，再加“-ed”。stop —stopped—stoppeddrop —dropped—dropped（五）特例：有两类动词本身应该直接加“ed”，但由于历史习惯，依旧要双写最后一个字母，再加“ed”。以“元音字母+l”非重读结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写“l",再加“ed”。例如：cancel →cancelled， dial →dialled 。另外还有一些以非重读闭音节结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加“ed”。例如：kidnap→kidnapped，worship→worshipped。而上述两种情况在美国一般却直接加“ed”。（六）以c结尾的动词，要变 c为ck，再加“-ed”。picnic →picnicked， traffic →trafficked注：这样做主要是为了避免变化后其原型尾音 /k/变成/s/。根据英文的拼写规则，c在字母e、i、y之前均发/s/，其他情况下均发/k/。如果直接加“ed”的话，trafficed 将会读成/'tr ?f?s?d/，而不读/'tr ?f?kt/。（七）读音与说明:、-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]:helped,liked,finished,fetched,stopped,clapped2、-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]:believed,changed,planned,preferred,followed,stayed3、-ed在[t] 、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted,needed,admitted, permitted二、不规则动词的过去式、过去分词（按类型排序）（一）AAA型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。 （共9个）cost —cost—costcut —cut—cuthit —hit—hithurt —hurt—hurtlet —let—letput —put—putread —read—read，read的原形和过去式、过去分词 读音不同set-set-setshut-shut-shut（二）ABB型，过去式、过去分词相同。（共42个）1 、过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。（4个）精选资料，欢迎下载。bring —brought—broughtbuy —bought—boughtthink —thought—thoughtfight —fought—fought、词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个）build—built—builtlend—lent—lentsend—sent—sentspend—spent—spent、过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。（2个）catch—caught—caughtteach—taught—taught、把-eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。（4个）keep—kept—keptsleep—slept—sleptsweep—swept—sweptfeel—felt —felt、把-ell变为-old。（2个）tell—told—toldsell—sold—sold6 、把-ell 、-ill 变为-elt 或-ilt 。（3个）smell —smelt—smeltspell —spelt—speltspill —spilt —spilt、把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。（4个）feed—fed—fedlead—led—ledspeed—sped—spedmeet—met—met、过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（6个）learn—learnt—learntmean—meant—meantspoil—spoilt—spoiltburn—burnt—burntdream—dreamt—dreamtdeal—dealt—dealt9 、过去式、过去分词词尾去 y变-id（4个）say—said—saidpay—paid—paidlay—laid—laidhear—heard—heard、改变元音字母。（12个）meet—met—metfeed—fed—fed精选资料，欢迎下载。get—got—gotsit—sat—satfind—found—foundhold—held—heldspit—spat—spatshine—shone—shonewin—won—wonhang—hung—hungdig —dug—duglose —lost—lost、改变辅音字母。（4个）make—made—madebuild—built—builtsend—sent—sentspend—spent—spent、改变元、辅音字母。（4个）leave —left —leftstand —stood—stoodhave/has —had—hadunderstand —understood—understood（三）ABC型：原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。 （共39个）、i—a—u变化。（7个）begin—began—begundrink—drank—drunksing—sang—sungring—rang—rungswim—swam—swumsink—sank—sunkspring—sprang—sprung2、词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式变-ew，过去分词在原形后加n。（5个）blow—blew—blowndraw—drew—drawngrow—grew—grownknow—knew—knownthrow—threw—thrown（show除外）3、词尾为“i+辅（1个）+e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（4个）（give，hide除外）drive —drove—drivenwrite —wrote—writtenride —rode—riddenrise —rose—risen4 、过去分词在过去式后加 n。（3个）精选资料，欢迎下载。wake —woke—wokenspeak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolen、过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。（2个）get-got-gotten/gotforget—forgot—forgotten、过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。（6个）be—was（were）—beeneat—ate—eatenfall—fell—fallengive—gave—givensee—saw—seenhide —hid—hidden（hid）7 、词尾为-ake，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加 -n。（2个）take —took—takenmistake —mistook—mistaken、原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个）do—did—donefly—flew—flowngo—went—gonelie—lay—lainshow—showed—shownwear—wore—worn、词尾为-eak时，过去式将其变为-oke，过去分词在过去式后加-n。2个）break—broke—brokenspeak—spoke—spoken、词中间为“oo+辅（1个）+e”或“ee+辅（1个）+e”，过去式将oo、ee变为o，过去分词在过去式后加-n。（2个）choose —chose—chosenfreeze —froze—frozen（四）AAB型：过去式和原形相同。（1个）beat —beat—beaten（五）ABA型：过去分词和原形相同。（共3个）、词中间为“o+辅+e”时，过去式将o变为a。（2个）come —came—comebecome—became—become、i—a—u变化。（4个）begin—began—begundrink —drank—drunksing —sang—sungswim —swam—swum（六）情态动词型(除must)只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。 （共4个）精选资料，欢迎下载。can—couldmay—mightwill—wouldshall—shouldmust既没有过去式也没有过去分词。三、常用过去分词（按字母排序）原形过去式过去分词arisearosearisenawakeawokeawaked/awokenbewas/werebeenbearboreborne(携带)/born(出生)beatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomebeginbeganbegunbefallbefellbefallenbendbentbentbetbetbetbindboundboundbitebitbitten/bitbleedbledbledblendblendedblentblessblessedblestblowblewblownbreakbrokebrokenbreedbredbredbringbroughtbroughtbroadcastbroadcast/broadcastedbroadcast/broadcastedbuildbuiltbuiltburnburnt/burnedburnt/burnedburstburstburstbuyboughtboughtcastcastcastcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosencleaveclove/cleftcloven/cleftclingclungclungclotheclothed/cladclothed/cladcomecamecomecostcostcostcreepcreptcreptcrowcrowed/crewcrowedcutcutcut精选资料，欢迎下载。daredared/durstdareddealdealtdealtdigdugdugdodiddonedrawdrewdrawndreamdreamt/dreameddreamt/dreameddrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedrivendwelldweltdwelteatateeatenfallfellfallenfeedfedfedfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfoundfleefledfledflingflungflungflyflewflownforbidforbade/forbadforbiddenforecast