高中英语-被动语态 讲义

高英复测题-被动态讲解练习(一)语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Tom(谓动)room(承)day.

主动承)cleaned(动执)day.(动)被语结：动+动词过分done即be，常译为被、给、由、受等用来表示被动关系。(二)被动语态的用法动的执行者很明显。这时往往不用短。aretaughtinlessons.(2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的行者是谁。computerswerestolenlast突或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。ThewindowbrokenbyMike.

窗户是迈克打破的。(三)被动语态的时态变化：通过助动词be的种时态化来体现不变。注意主语的单、复数变化。以do为，掌握下列时态的被动结构，形式变化如下：1一般现在时：//aredone2一般过去时：were+3一般将来时：/will+donetobedone4现在完成时：/has+been+5情态动词：can/may/must/should/havebe以下时态的被动语态作一般了解：现在进行时/is/being+过进行时/were++done过去完成时++(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法

过去将来时should/+beauntmeto执行者

动词

承受者→

Iwasinvitedaunt)to/7

承受者谓语

by+执行把主动态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。把主动态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。把主动态的主语变为介词by的语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后短可以省略。练习：一现在时growinthe__________________insouthof一过去时NancytheCD-ROM.The__________________Nancy一将来时willholdshowschoolThe__________________inthe现完成时Hebroughtbookhere.His__________________here.．含有情态动词的被动语态musthandclass.Your__________________class.(五)语态转换时所注意的问题把动语态变为被动语态时，先找原主动句中的动宾短语，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。WehaveboughtaAnewbeenbought.(正)Anewhave错误)含双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语。unclegavepresentbirthday.Igivenpresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可说：Apresentgivento注意：下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to如：bring,lend,offer,teach,tell等/7

bookwasshowntotheMyher.一般在列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：buy,cook,make,sing。Askirtforme.forcountrywasfor由+介或副词构成的短语动词要它们作为整体看介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有：动词+介词，:listento,looktalk等。动词+副词，:out,givehandin,on,turnon,up等ThewasworkedoutbyTheisoftenbygirls.带合宾(宾+宾)的动词改为被动语态时，把主动构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：Wealwaystheclassroomclean.(keepsth.→Theclassroomisalwayskeptbekeptclean)(2)Shetoldustostayup(tellsbtodo→Weweretoldnottouplate.betoldnotdo…)注意：在watch,hear,listento,make,等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都补上to。Weoftenhearhimplayguitar.→Heoftenheardtoplaythe记住下列变化：see…hearsb….sbmakedo…

beseendobeheardbedobe有动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，当它们和easily等词连用时，表示主语内在品质或使用性能，是不及物动词，不用被动语态，常见的有write,等。如：/7

(1)Thecloth这布很好洗。(2)Thenewcomputersellswell.这产品很畅销。(3)Theprinterprints这打印机打印很快。对比：Thewell.主动句)Thewere(被动句)只动宾结构才有被动语态。下列情况的主动句不能改为被动句：第一，感官连系动词无被动意义，如feel,seem,等(1)youthe

—Yes,itfeelsvery误：Itfelt(2)Thedelicious.误：Thetasted(3)Thepopmusicbeautiful.误：Thepopsounded第二，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如takeplace,breakbelongto,come等。如：Thetooklast误：Theaccidentwasplacelastnight..第三，不及物动词没有被动语态，如rise,happen,succeed,等Thesunalreadyrisen.误：Thealreadyrisen.第四，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式形及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：ImyselfEnglish.误：MyselfEnglish.在语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说……Itissaid…据报导…reportedthatitgoingraintomorrow.众所周知wellthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.注区别系表结构be+adj.和被动语态。Hisare(系表)Hisglassesbrokenbythe被动)/7

Thedoorisclosed.系表)Hesurprised.系表)

Thedoorclosedby被)Hewassurprisedbythe被动被语专练（）一、用动的正确语态填空。_________(speak)mostwidelyintheworld.APianoconcert_____________(give)lastFriday.Vegetables,eggsand(sell)_____a(make)of?It___________(make)ofandwood.oldmanisill.______send)totheroom_____________malready.Youdontocleansportsmeeting(hold)week.Heisdream_______________(come)true.10.The_______________(build)11.Thestudentstocareoftheirdesksand12.____________take)oflibrary?二.选择题)1._____libraryinyear?A.Is;builtB.bulitC.Does;D.Did;build()2.Anaccident____lastweek.beenhappenedwashappenedhappenedD.happened(____intheofChina.isC.growsgrow()4.Sofar____byvisitedB.willvisitedC.beenvisitedD.visited()5.AonChinese_____inschoolhallnextgivenhasgivenC.willbegivenD.gives/7

(year?plantedB.willplantCplantedD.planted()7.Alotbypeoplesavethelittlegirlarebeendonewilldone()8.Neitherof______inChina.A.aremadeC.()9.Look!Anicepicture____forteacher.isdrawingbeingC.beenD.()10.YourshoesYoupair.A.outB.wornoutC.wornworn(foryet.sentB.beensentC.besent()12.--WhenkindofuseB.was;usedusedare;used(Wall____allworld.knowsknewC.known(insummer.A.bornB.C.beenbornD.am()15.HesaysthatMr_____tothefactorynextweek.sentB.sentD.willsent(book_____?A.writtenwrittenbywrittenD.written(____showmeA.toB.toC.D.to()18.AGrannywastoldusB.toldtous.istoldD.told(monkeywasoffjumpsC.jumpedtojump(bagbehindA.canbeC.canbeputtedD.canput()21.Older____well.afterB.mustbeafterC.lookafterD.after()22.Ourteacher______carefully.shouldtoshouldbelistenD.二.选择题:()1.changes______inhappenedhappenedC.hasD.happened()3.TheGreatWall______alloverworld.knowsknownD.was()4.Who______thisbookwrittenB.was;writtenbywrittenwritten/7

()5.AstorybyGrannytoldusB.usistoldusD.toldus()6.Themonkeyseenofftree.jumpB.jumpsC