linux磁盘分区操作

一、磁盘检查以及分区[root@zgh-xypt-server9~]#fdisk-[root@zgh-x^t-server9~#fdisk-1/dev/vda:53.7GBt53687091200bytes■lSJheadsP63aectcrs/trackj104025cylindEraUnits=cylinderaczLOOS*512=516096byteaSectcrsize(logical/physical>:512bytes/512bytesI/Osize{mLnimuin/Dptiinal):512bytes/512bytesDiskidentifier:0x000c6418DeviceBootStartEnd BlcckaId.System/dev/vda1 *31018 51200063LinuxFartition1doesnetendoncylind-erbDimdary./dev/vda2 LOIS10402S 51915775SeLinuxLVMPartition2doesnetendoncylinderboundar-y.Diak/dev/vdb!!536,^GBf536870912000byteaIfiheadsr63aectora/tracks1040253cirlinderaUnit3=cylindersczLOOS*512=516096byt^e目5ectcrsi2e(logical/phyaical):512bytes/512bytes1/0'size(ninijaiini/optiEia1):512bytea/512byteaDiskidentifier;0x^1Mg2cI}DevlgeB口口1 EndQlGckaId.Syatcn)/d.Ev/vdbl 1 935230 471859888-1-83LinuxDisk/dev/mapper/Vc1Group-1v_root:49.1GBf49O6495S192byte3255heads,63sectcra/trackj5965cylirnieraUnits=cylinderaczLfi0€5*512=S225230byte日Sectcrsize(logical/physical>:512bytes/512bytes1/Dsize(miniinuin/optima1):512bytes/512bytesDiskidentizier:0x00000000Disk/dev/mapper/Vc1Group-1v_swap:4093MBP4093540704bytea255headsrfiSsectcra/trackj457cylind-eraUnits=cylinderac=150^5*512=S2252S0byte日Sectcrsize{logica1/physica1):512bytes/512bytesI/Daize{mlniinum/optima1):512bytea/512bytes发现Disk/dev/vdb剩余空间比较大，可以用来分区后挂载为应用磁盘536.9GB,536870912000bytes进行分区，[root@zgh-xypt-server9〜]#fdisk/dev/vdb.出现输入光标，输入m是查看有哪些指令，因为明确要新增磁盘所以：输入n新建I[ED-DtSzgh-x^t-servers fdisk/dev/vdbWftRI'IING:DOS-compatiblemodeisd€pr€(ga|d.ItTsstronglyrecDinmendedtoswitchoffthemode(commiandTcT)andchangedisplayunitstosectors(commandTuT).Command(mforhelp):nCommandiactioneextendedpprimarypiartition(1-4)PPartitionnumber(1-4):1Firstcylinder(1-1040253,default1):1LastcylinderF+cylindersor4-size{KrMPG}(l-1040253j,default1040253):+45QGCommand(mforhelp):WIhepartitiontablehiasbe-enalt-eredlCallingioctl()tore-readpiartitiontiable..Syncingdisks..选择基础分区还是扩展分区，因为此磁盘未做过分区，最好先做基础分区。输入p：[root@zjli-Kypt-aerver9-]ifdiat/dev/vdhW&RMI1IG:EOS-cc-wiatibltmodeisdeprecat-fd.It^sstronalvrecoiimendedtoswitchoffthemn-de(coinmaiidTc1)andchangedisplayunitstosectors(simaiid，□/).CcumERd|.mforhslpj:nCornrandactionpartition(1-4)Partitionnuinber(1-4):1Firstcylinder41-1040253』default1);LLastcylinder,4-Dvlird^rsor+size.!KrMPG}(1-L040253,defaultLC4D253):+450GCornrand|mforhelpj:WThepa.rt-itiontablehaabeenaltered!Callingieset1()tcDE-r-eadpartitiontabl-esyncingdlats..选择分区的序号，一共只有四个，可以选择序号1的分区号作为基础分区，输入1：[eoqlC2gJi-server9-]frdlsk^dev/vdl'WlBNZNG:DC'S-conpatiblenc-deisdeprecated*ItTsstronglyreconmende-dto3蕈itchoffthemc-de{command"c1)andchangedigpla^unitato3fctora(coimrjand,11rl.Comnand[nforhelp]:nCDmnajidaction.eeicwnded -pprimarypiarELtlon(1-41pPartitionnunc-er(L--4):LFirstcylinder(1-1Q40253,,default1):1Lastc&Tind任乙+cylLnder9ar4■日运壮国/国](1-1040253,default1040253):-F45OGCoinnfiJid(nforhelp]™W7hepartiXicnz-ahlehasbeenaltered!Callmoioctl(|tore-reaapartitiontabl-e.Syncingdlaks..选择磁柱cylinder从哪个部分开始，本次选择从第一个磁柱开始：输入1：[root@zgh-xypt-server9-]#fdisk/dev/vdbWARNING:DOS-compatiblemodeisd-eprecated»ItTsstronglyrecommendedtoswitchoffthemode(command,c11)andchangedisplayunitstosectors(commiandTuTJi»CDmmand(mforhelp):nCommandactioneextendedpprimarypiartition(1-4)p 1Partitionnumber(1-4):1Firstcylinder(1-1040253,default1):1Lastcylinder,4-cylindersor4-aize{KrMrG}(l-1040253Pdefault1040253):-F450GCommand(mforhelp):WIhepartitiontablehas?beenaltered!Callingioctl()tore-readpartitiontable.Syncingdisks..选择磁盘空间，单位是K/M/G,本次选择为4506,输入+4506:[root@zgh-xypt-aerver9-]#fdisk/dev/vdbWARNING:DOS-compatiblemodeisdeprecat-ed.ItTsstronglyreaommend-edtoswitchoffthemode(commiandTcT)andchang-edispliayunitstosectors(commandTuT).CDmmand(mforhelp):nCDinmandactioneextendedpprimarypia.rt.ition(1-4)pPartitionnumber(1-4):1Firstcylinder(1-1040253,default1):1Lastcylinder,+cylinder3or4-size{KrMrG}(1-1040253,default1040253>:+45QGCommand(mforhelp):WThepartitionLiablehasbeenialtered[Callingioctl()t.ore-readpartitiontable.Syncingdisks..所有操作完成后，进行保存，输入w：[root@zgh-xypt-server9-]#fdist/dev/vdbWMUriNG:DOS-compatiblemodeisdeprecated.ItTsstronglyreconmendedtoswitchoffthemode(commandTcT)iandchangedisplayunitstosectors(commandTuT)»Command(mforheIpI:nComnandactioneext-endedpprimarypartition(1-4)PPartitionnumber(1-4):1Firstcylinder(l-104O253Pdefault1):1L己日二cylinder,-cylinders(>1040253,default1040253):+450GComnand(mforhelp]:WThepaT?titiantablehasbeenalteredICallingiocrtl()tore-readpartitio-eltable.Syncingdists..验证磁盘是否分区成功，输入[root@zgh-xypt-server9〜]#fdisk-l[root@zjh-x.ipt-3erver9«]#zdisk-1Z?i3k/4ev/vda.:53,7GB,536870^1200bytea1€hea-da,633ectcr-a/track,104025cylitideraUnits=cylind-ecs1OQS*512=516口96bytesSec.teraisc41-ogical/ph7sic.a1)i512bytes/512bytesI/C-size(niinijriuin/optiinalJ:512bytes/512bytesDiakidentizier:0x.000c6418Device Boot Stdrt End BLocta Id System/dev/vdal * 3 101S 5L2COO S3 LinuxFartition1doeancrtendon.GylinderbDnndary./dev/v-da2 1OLS 104026 5191570/ 8e LinuitIVMFartition2doesnotendon.cylinderboundarv.Disk/-dev/vdb:53£.9GBf53£8709120ICheadar63aectcra/trackj104025,cylindersUnits=cylinderaoz1008*51?=5160^6bytea3ec-tcraise(logical/ph/aic-□.):512bytea/512bytes工/。aize{min-i-rnnTn/cupr-imF--；：512byte3/512bytesDiski-denti=i£D；口kJ7"04GDeviceEc「" Start EjidBlocksIdSyatein/dev/v-dlil 1 93E23D 471859S88+83LinuxDisk/dev/Dapp€E/VtrlGDOup-lv_DODt:49,1GBr490G49fiEL92byt£a255headsr63sectcrs/tr-ackj5勺65c.ylindersUnit.a=cylindtraoz *512=3225230byte3Sec-tcrsise(logica1/phyaic.a1J:512bytes/512bytesI/O-size(minizuWo-pLimdl);512bytea/512bytesDiskidentifier;0^00000000Disk/<iev/inappeiz-/VtrlGroup-lv_3irfap:4093MB,40193640704iiytea255heads,63aectcrs/tractj4q了cirlindEE3Units=cylind-enao=1^0£54512=S22£2S0bytesSec-tcrsize<logiGal/pliyaic.al):512bytea/512bytesI/C-aize(mininrum/optimal):512bytes/512bytesDiskid^nti=i£r;Qk.00000000发现已经成功对/dev/vdb分区，分区名称叫/dev/vdbl,空间为：471859888M二、格式化分区#mkfs.ext4/dev/vdbl〃注：将#mkfs.ext4/dev/vdbl〃注：将/dev/vdbl格式化为ext4类型[rwcSsgii-Kypt-aEEVELS-]#mJcfs/dEv/vdblmk£2zs1,41,12<17-Hay-2010)warning:172tilcctainiiaed.Fileayateialabel=OStype:LinuxBlcckaize=409€(Lcg=2JFr-agmentaiEe=409fi(lcg=2JStride=0bl-ocka,Stripewidth=0blcc-ka2954S800in€rfie3J.L179C4800blocks5898248blccka45.00%)reserv-edforthesuperuser?Firstdatai>lcck=0Maximumzileayatemblcck3=42949fi729€3600blcckgroupsblocks即匚jEDup,327E8 pec7mupS2QSinDdEapergroupSlipsrblockbackupsaloredonblccka:32768,93304r163840,229376r2949L2r819200,88473€r1605632r2654208,4096000r79£2€24r11239424r20480000.,23S87S72,71663616,7867596S.r102400000Writinginodetables:doneCreatingjournal(32763blocksJ:doneWritingauperblcckaandzilesyatemacccuntinjinzonnation:等待格式化并写入成功后，可以看到：[root@zgh-xypt-server9-]#mkfs.-ext4/dev/vdblmke2fs1»41.12(17-May-2010)warning:172blocksunused.Fil-esystemliabel=OStype:LinmcBlocksiz-e=4096(log=2)Fragmentsize=409€(log=2)Stride=0blocks.Stripewidth=0blocks29548800inodes,117964500blocks5898248blocks(5.00%)res-ervedforthesuperuserFirstdatiablDck=t)Maximumfilesystemblocks=42949672963600blockgroups32768blockspergroup,32768fria-gmentspergroup8208inodespergroupSuperblockbackupsstoredonblocks:3276Sr98304P163840,229376P294912,819200^884736rl€05632P2654208,4096000,7962624r11239424P20480000,23S87872,71663616,75675960,102400000Writinginodetiables:doneCreatingjournal(32768blocks):doneWritingsuperblocksandfilesystem,accountinginformatiDn:don-eThisfilesystem,willbeautamaticaLlycheck-edevery39mountsor180diaysrwhichevercomesfirst.Usetune2fs-cor-itoov-erride.二、挂载.创建应用目录iflytek（稍后挂载到分区上）[root@zgh-xypt-server9/]#mkdiriflytek[laciE（zjti-HtsG-sei7trB/|4okdiziflyctilf[上stj2gh-巧磨匚一口。L2上0/|tIs-jei『 [•Eiooup2gh1-$中C-ROP为/ItI.挂载应用目录iflytek到分区/dev/vdbl[root@zgh-xypt-server9~]#mount/dev/vdb1/iflytekdcrnfThia^ilEayaveiawill比auljcrinatiGa.lLyciieckEdevtry33mcnuitaar-ISOdav3jwiiiciievEEoonea^irst.Usetune2-cor-itcoverride[root@zgh-icypt-3Erver9*]#[rootCagh-xypt-aerverS句#nonnt/dev/vdbl/i^lyxek[rootCagh-xypt-aerverS句#dz--hFileayatemSiseUaedJluailUse砥Mcnm.'Leiion/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root:45GS.1G3BG12^/tirp-fs32G84K32S/dev/stm/dev/vdal4S5M39M42LM羽/bo-ot/dev/vdbl443G19SM42LGIS/izlytek[root^sgh-ic^t-server9〜]件3.检查硬盘大小以及挂载分区：dfh4.配置开机自动挂载（防止机器重启）因为mount挂载在重启服务器后会失效，所以需要将分区信息写到/etc/fstab文件中让它永久挂载：[root@zgh-xypt-server9~]#vi/etc/fstab

t/etc/fsteb*CreatedbyanacondaonlueMar612:32:47201B*tAaaesaiblefilesyst-emsj.byreferenceParemain匕alliedunder1/dev/disftSetmanpagesfatcbPfiniifs(6)irmLKjnt(3)and/o-rblkid(0]forinnitinfot/dev/mapper/^IGrcup-l^root/ esrt4 defaults 11UUID=2fecQEET-blSf-4dad-S230-dhl4€fi2d73E/boot ext4 defaulta/dev/mapper/VdIOecup-lv_3wapswap swap defaults □□t-Eipfa/dev/ahir.tipfsdcfauLta00加VP