20-21Unit3SectionⅢGrammar-过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语

SectionfflGrammar 过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语［语境自主领悟］先观察原句后自主感悟①ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme,butthereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.②Iplacedthefrozenbowloverthesnakes'habitatandtheice-cubesontopofthebowltokeepitcool.③ThenextmorningIcarriedinmyhandasmallnetusedforcatchingfish.④Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel..句①②③中的过去分词（短语）在句中作定语。.句②中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放在被修饰名词的前面；句①③中过去分词短语作定语，常常放在被修饰名词的后面。.句④中的过去分词accepted在句中作宾语补足语，与其所修饰的词newideas构成被动关系。［语法精要点拨］考点一过去分词作定语.过去分词作定语时，相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.他们朋友举办的音乐会很成功。.单个的过去分词作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词后。Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.（他们举行了）欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。.过去分词及过去分词短语作定语一般可转换为一个定语从句。Wemustadaptourregulationstothechangedconditions.=Wemustadaptourregulationstotheconditionsthathavebeenchanged.我们必须调整规章制度来适应变化了的情况。.有些过去分词作前置定语与后置定语时意义不同。inthegiventime在既定的时间内withthewordsgiven用所给的单词aconcernedlook一个关切的神情thepeopleconcerned有关人士［名师点津］及物动词的过去分词除表示“完成”的动作之外，还表示“被动”的意义。如：spokenEnglish（英语口语）；icedbeer（冰冻啤酒）；cookedfood（熟食）；friedchips（炸土豆条）。不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被动”意义。如：boiledwater（开水）；fallenleaves（落叶）；therisensun（升起的太阳）等。［即时演练1］下面的句子改为简单句Mostofthepeoplewhohadbeenquestionedwerestudents.—Mostofthepeoplequestionedwerestudents.Doyouknowthenumberofthebookswhichhavebeenordered?—Doyouknowthenumberofthebooksordered?考点二过去分词作表语过去分词作表语，总是在系动词be,appear,seem,look,remain,feel,get等之后，通常表示主语所处的状态，这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。常见的有seated,surprised,astonished,amazed,moved,exhausted,worried,devoted,pleased,inspired,encouraged,excited,delighted,satisfied,scared,frightened,disappointed等。Iampleasedwiththeresultoftheexperiment.我对试验结果很满意。Thedoorremainedlocked.门仍然锁着。Ihopewecangetmoreinvolvedinourcommunityandourlifewillbecolorful.我希望我们更多地参与到社区中来，我们的生活将变得丰富多彩。［名师点津］过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。Thecupisbroken.杯子破了。(强调杯子的状态)ThecupwasbrokenbyJim.杯子是吉姆打破的。(强调动作)［即时演练2］完成句子①对于那些与家人相距遥远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway，thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstayingconnected.【导学号：40342019】②当等待机会被提升的时候，亨利尽力履行好他的职责。Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted，Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.考点三过去分词作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。在下面结构中常用过去分词作补语。.在感官动词(see,hear,notice,watch等)和表示心理状态的动词(feel,find等)后。HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.他看到电视机被搬到房间外面了。.表示"致使”意义的动词，如have,make,get,keep,leave等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。Ihadmylegbrokeninthefootballgame.我的腿在足球赛中摔坏了。.表示思维活动的动词，如consider,know,think等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。consideredthemattersettled.我认为这件事解决了。4.表示爱憎、意愿的动词，如want,wish,like,hate等。Iwantedtwoticketsreserved.我要预定两张机票。5.在with的复合结构中。Hesatthere,withhishandstiedbehind.他手被捆在后面坐在那里。［名师点津］过去分词、现在分词与动词不定式作宾语补足语时的区别(1)过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“被动和完成”含义，或仅仅表示“状态”。⑵现在分词作宾语补足语表示其与所修饰的词之间为主谓关系。由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语，表示过程的一部分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。⑶动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。［即时演练3］单句语法填空①Heworkedsohardthathegothispayraised(raise).②Peopleinthesouthhavetheirhousesmade(make)ofbamboo.③Withthewholecitybuilt(build)aroundwater,GuilinisoneofthemostpopulartouristdestinationsinChina.［语法应用落实］I.单句语法填空Iheardmynamecalled(call)whenIcamein.Shelookeddisappointed(disappoint)attheresultsoftheexam.Whoweretheso-calledguestsinvited(invite)toyourpartylastnight?Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,DrLeewasveryhappytoseehismothertaken(take)goodcareofathome.JohnSnowtoldthestoryabouttheastonished(astonish)peopleinBroadStreet.Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessagehidden(hide)withinthework.Everyonepresentisveryinspired(inspire)athisspeech.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot10st(lose)frommyfriends.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremainseated(seat)astheplanewasmakingalanding.【导学号：40342019】Witheverythingconsidered(consider),hisplanisbetterthanyours.单句改错Thejudgesgavenohintofwhattheythought,solefttheroomreallyworrying.worryingfworriedWhenIgotthere,Ifoundthefarmtoolshaverepaired.去掉haveTheUnitedStatesisadevelopingcountry.developingfdevelopedIfyouwanttomakeyourselfrespect,youareabovealltorespectothers.第一个respectfrespectedTheboylookedupwithapleasingexpression.pleasingfpleasedWhenIenteredtheclassroom,Isawsomestrangersseatingattheback.seatingfseatedThelecture,startedat7pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.startedfstarting"It'ssuchaniceplace,”