2020年江苏中考英语阅读类题型专题02阅读理解专项突破-2020年江苏中考英语阅读类题型专项突破（解析版）

阅读理解专项突破

阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧

细节题

•知识点：细节理解题的基本要求和特点

初中英语阅读理解最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息对这种“获取和处理主要

信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，做好这类题是确

保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这

类题。

细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主要测试考

生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。

•知识点：设题方式

1)此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原因、方式、数量等。

细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕

捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的

细节设计的。

2)常见的命题方式

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?

3.Whatistheexampleof...asdescribedinthepassage?

4.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept...

5.Thereasonfor...is...

6.Theauthorstatesthat...

7.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)...?

8.Whichofthefollowingisright?

9.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

lO.Choosetherightorderofthispassage.

11.Fromthispassageweknow.

词义猜测题

知识点：词义猜测的基本要求和特点

所谓词义猜测是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推

断某一生词、难词、关键词甚至短语或句子的意义。词义猜测题在中考中一般考一至两道，要求学生在掌

握一定的词汇量的基础上，能独立阅读部分生词，理解生词的含义。考察学生通过上下文提供的线索或生

词本身的结构特点对词义作出正确判断的能力。

•知识点：常见的命题方式

1.Whatdoestheword""in.….mean?

2.Itcanbeinferred（推断，推论）/concluded（推断）（fromthepassage）thattheword""means.

3.Theword...implies（意味，暗示）that.

4.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestmeaningoftheword?

5.whatdoyouthinkoftheexpressionstandsfor?

6.Theword""inthepassageprobablymeans.

7.Inthisstorytheunderlinedword"_"means.

•例题

例1.根据释义猜测

Thesmall-worldtheorysaysthateveryoneintheworldisconnectedthroughashortchain（链条）ofpeople

theyknow.Anothernameofthischainisdegreesofseparation.Eachdegreeisastepthatseparatesapersonfrom

someoneheorshedoesnotknow.Therearezerodegreesofseparationbetweenapersonandthepeopleheorshe

knowsdirectly.ThismeansthattherearezerodegreesbetweenBenandhismom.

Whatisthemeaningof“degreesofseparation^^inParagraph2?

A.Thechaintoconnectpeople

B.Therelationsbetweenpeople

C.Thestepsofknowingstrangers

D.Theseparationbetweenstrangers.

【答案】A

【解析】根据anothernameofthischainisdegreesofseparation可知这是一个chain,再根据后面的解释可知

选项A正确

例2.根据同义词和反义词猜测

Itnotonlyspawnedover104,000activediscussions,butalsobroughtaboutcareaboutwhatmeansahealthy

bodyimage.

TheunderlinedwordspawnedinParagraph4probablymeans.

A.ledtoB.putoutC.talkedaboutD.lookedinto

【答案】A

【解析】根据此句的结构notonly...butalso可知spawned与broughtabout同义，bringabout意为"带来”,

可推知A选项ledto"导致”正确

例3.根据构词法猜测

Somestudentswhostealessays（论文）wholesalefromtheWeb,theysaid,aresolazytheydon'tevenbother

totaketheadvertisementsoffthecut-and-pastedtext.

Theunderlinedword"wholesale"inthe2ndparagraphpossiblymeans.

A.forsaleinlargequantities

B.completelycopyingothers,work

C.inunlimitedamounts

D.intoolargenumbersfromcuttingandpasting

【答案】：B

【解析】wholesale中的whole意为“整个”，可以推知此句是完全剽窃的意思。

主旨大意题

•知识点：主旨大意类题目的特点

主旨是文章的核心，即文章的中心思想或主题。主旨题主要是考查考生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具

备提纲挈领的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高

度概括和总结。这类题大约占总题量的30%。主旨题一般会放在第一个或者最后一个考。

这类题要求阅读时不但要看懂个别的句子，而且要能够根据作者思路的展开，把握作者在整片文章中

的观点，因此必须看懂全篇文章的意思。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意

义。

•知识点：常见设题方式:

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

3.Thebesttitleofthispassageis...

4.1nthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat.

•知识点：解题技巧

1.整体思路

（1）仔细阅读全文，判断发现主题句

文章的主题句有的文章有而有的却没有，这就需要学生认真地阅读文章，仔细判断（如果有，它经常出现

在文章的开始和结尾处，但也不能排除出现在文章中间的可能）。另外，不要被表象所迷惑。有的文章列举

一个或几个人们比较熟悉的事例或是用一些具体的事例来说明一个人们不熟悉或是抽象的内容，这时要看

清的是文章的本质而不是表面现象。

（2）对文章进行分析、归纳和概括并得出正确结论

这种情况下大多文章中是找不到主题句的，要求学生在理解全文的基础上自己进行总结。对全文的概括要

完整，不能以点带面，以偏概全。在具体的答题过程中学生会发现有个别选项是对的，但它对文章的概括

不是很完整，这也不是我们所要的最佳答案。

另外，选择“最佳标题''的题目也是属于文章的主旨，但是标题不仅要能完整地概括全文，还要简洁明了，并

能吸引读者，这也是学生在选择最佳标题时应把握的一条原则。

2.主题句定位法

即通过分析篇章结构，找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。

主题呈现的方式有：

说明文议论文记叙文

在开头4（较常见）qT

在结尾立较少见）7T

在中间qT

中心贯穿全文4（较常见）

•例题

例1.开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。

Ifyouplantotakeyourpetonatrip,prepareaheadoftime.Atleasttwoweeksbeforeyouleave,takeyourpet

toavet.Seeifheorsheistitfortravelandaskifheorsheshouldhaveanymedicinebeforeleaving.Thevetmay

suggestcertainpillsforsicknessorforcalmingthepet.

Themainideaofthispassageisto.

A.warnpeopletoleavetheirpetsathome

B.givegeneralinformationaboutpettravel

C.tellpeoplehowtochoosetheirpetboxes

D.tellpeopleaboutforeignpetlaws

【答案】：B

【解析】：根据文章首句Ifyouplantotakeyourpetonatrip:prepareaheadoftime可知本题答案为B项。

例2.藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾

Thepracticalmeaningofthissurveyresultcouldbethatdoingonekindactwouldmakeyouhappier,andthe

happieryoufeel,themorelikelyyouaretodoanotherkindact.Thismightalsobeusedbycharitable（慈善的）

organizations;remindinghonorsofearlierdonationscouldmakethemhappy,andexperiencinghappinessmight

leadthemtomakemoregenerousgifts.

Whatisthegeneraltopicofthepassage?

A.Adviceonhowtobehappy.

B.Theimportanceofbeinggenerous.

C.Donatingthingsmakespeoplehappy.

D.Beingkindmakesyouhappy.

【答案】：D

【解析】：根据文段末句remindinghonorsofearlierdonationscouldmakethemhappy,andexperiencing

happinessmightleadthemtomakemoregenerousgifts可知本题答案为D项。

例3.尾呼应式

在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题。

值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发

展。

Thenumberofrural（乡村的）left-behindchildrenunder17yearsoldhasincreasedto61.02million,according

toareport.Thesechildren'sparentsleavethemwiththeirgrandparentsorotherfamilymembersinordertomake

moneyincities.

Thesechildrenarethefutureofthenation.Peopleshouldofferthemtheirlove,careandprotection.

Thebesttitleofthepassageis.

A.Seriousfactsaboutruralchildren

B.Achoiceofchildrenormoney

C.Morecaretoruralleft-behindchildren

D.Areportonparents9worryaboutruralleft-behindchildren

【答案】：C

【解析】：根据文章首句Thenumberofrural（乡村的）left-behmdchildrenunder17yearsoldhasincreasedto

61.02million和末句Peopleshouldofferthemtheirlove:careandprotection可知本题答案选择C项。

例4.藏龙卧虎式

即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，

这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点，然后加以归纳形成主题。

Inthespringof1926,YanQingbao,a43-year-oldfarmer,discoveredacircularpieceofjade（玉）while

diggingahole.Drivenbycuriosity,hedugdeeperandfoundagroupofabout400colorfuljadepieces.

Atthetime,hehadnoideathathisdiscoverywouldbeasimportantasotherwondersoftheworldsuchas

China'sGreatWallandEgypt'spyramids.Sincethenmorethan10000relics,.........

Themainideaofthepassageis___.

A.ShanxingduiwasnamedtheScientificEducationBaseforChina'sYouth

B.Shanxingduiwasoncethepolitical,economicandculturalcenteroftheancientShuKingdom

C.theimportanceofthediscoveryofShanxingdui

D.ithashelpedmodernhistoriansrealizethatShichuan'shumanhistorygoesbackmorethan5000years

【答案】：C

【解析】：根据文章第二段第一句hehadnoideathathisdiscoverywouldbeasimportantasotherwondersofthe

worldsuchasChina'sGreatWallandEgvptspyramids可知本题答案为C项。

推理判断类阅读

知识点：推理判断题的特点

推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。

这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。

•知识点：推理判断题的解题思路

做推断题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思,

反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。要求在通篇理解文章的基础上，以文章提供的事实为依据，将已表

述的和隐含的信息结合起来进行思考、分析，透彻理解全文，以领会作者的真正意图，从而做出正确的推

理和判断，切不可凭空想象，主观臆断。

•知识点：推理判断题的常见设问方式

1.Wecaninfer/concludefromthepassagethat.

2.Itcanbeinferred/concluded（fromthepassage）that.

3.Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat.

4.Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappen（to...）attheendofthestory?/next?

5.Wecaninferfromthetextthat.

6.Fromthestorywecanguess

7.Here“it”means.

8.Theunderlinedword"it"inthepassagerefersto.

9.Thepassageisprobablyfrom

•例题

例1.判断文章出处

EverylivingthingOnEarthiseitheraplantorananimal,right?Wrong!Manyorganisms（有机体）inOur

worldareneither........

Whatarethese?Theyarecalled,fungi（菌类）,andyouseethemalmosteveryday.Manykindsoffungiseem

disgusting,suchasthegreenblackthingsthatappearonthefoodwhicharelefttoolongintherefrigerator.But

otherkindsarenotsobad.Forexample,theyeastthatisusedtomakebreadandmushrooms（蘑菇）arebothfungi.

Wherecanyoumostprobablyfindthispassage?

A.Inasocialreport.B.Inabiologybook.

C.Inageographymagazine.D.Inafarmingbook.

【答案】：B

【解析】：根据文章第一段第二句Manyorganisms［有机体）inOurworldareneither可知本篇文章应该选自

生物书，故本题答案选择B项。

例2.与文章细节相关的推断

Oneuserofthesite,JosephMeehan,27,fromBirmingham,said,"It'safunandexcitingwebsite.Ivisitevery

onceinawhilewhenI'mmissingmyfriendsorfamily.Ithinkitcouldreallybeahelptopeoplethatarefeeling

downorsad.Itmayevenstopthemfromdoingsomethingstupid.Youcanalsopostyourvideotothewebsite,and

theyaddittotheseries.It'sveryeasytosharethelove.”

Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.JeffLamisworkingonanewprojecttocollectmoreaudiodiaries.

B.JeffLammetalotofdifficultiesduringthetimeofcreatingthewebsite.

C.JosephMeehanhasgothelpfromthewebsiteandsupportsit.

D.JosephMeehanhassharedhisownpositivevideoswithstrangers.

【答案】：C

【解析】：根据文章第二行Ithinkitcouldreallybeahelptopeoplethatarefeelingdownorsad可知本题答案

为C项。

例3.指代推断：

IwentontohaveanamazingyearstudyinginEngland,butthatwasthelasttimeIsaworspoketoanyofmy

uncle'sfamily.YetwhenIthinkaboutthatterriblelossin2008,1rememberthosestrangers'hands.Theywerethere

whenIneededthem,andevennow,theyhelpmeoutofthesadnessofthatmemory.IthinkofthemasIridethe

undergroundinWashingtonD.C.today,andIwatchthecitizensandtouriststoofferhandsatanytime.

Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedwords"thatterribleloss"probablymean.

A.IwascryingwhenItooktheundergroundinLondon

B.Ileftmyuncle'sfamilyandhaven'tcontactedthemsincethen

C.Ididn'tsaythankyoutothosewhogavehandstome

D.IlostmygoodmoodandfeltsadwhenIleftmyuncle'sfamily

【答案】：B

【解析】：根据上文butthatwasthelasttimeIsaworspoketoanyofmyuncle'sfamily提示可知本题【答案】

选择B项。

近三年九年级上期末阅读理解汇编

年份/区域主题文章类型

2017-2018A招聘广告广告

玄武

BTVseries说明文

CFamilyfights议论文

D熄灯或者戴着眼罩时用餐可以减肥科技说明文

2017-2018A分类广告广告

鼓楼BShanghaiDISNEY'，themepark说明文

CJimandI记叙文

DMessageemoji议论文

2016-2017AMetroLines应用文

玄武BPlay(WhiteandChandler)剧本

CMonarchbutterfly科技说明文

DAntarctica科技说明文

2016-2017ATextbooks应用文

鼓楼BAjackalandalion故事

CThefunctionoftheAPP应用文

2015-2016ALittleTom记叙文

玄武BTipstoreducetheharmwhenthecrushhappens应用文

CAyoungcouplevisited18countries议论文

2015-2016AChineseTVdramas介绍

鼓楼BTheimportanceofsleep议论文

CHowtohaveabettercommunication应用文

DAreyoureadyforanotherchild?议论文

[2017-2018学年南京市玄武区九年级上学期期末】

A

StudentVolunteersNeeded!

OnMonday,February12th,from10A.M.until4P.M.,CarvertonMiddleSchool

willbeholdingamusicalfestivalintheschoolgymnasium.Thespecialeventwill

featureavarietyofprofessionalmusiciansandsingers.

TaskTimeDate

Makeposters1P.MTP.M.February5由

Setupthegym11A.M.-4P.MFebruary11th

Helpperformers9A.M.--4P.MFebruary12th

Welcomeguests10A.M.-2P.MFebruary12th

Cleanupthegym4P.M.—7P.M.February12th

InterestedstudentsshouldspeakwithMs.Braxton,themusicteacher.Studentswho

wouldliketohelpatthefestivalmusthavewrittenpermissionfromaparentora

guardian.

26.Whattimewillthefestivalbegin?

A.10.A.M.B.11A.M.C.1P.M.D.2P.M.

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword'矣ature"meaninLine2?

A.LookB.KeepC.IncludeD.Entertain

28.Whatjobwillbedonethebeforethefestivalbegins?

A.MakingpostersB.Settingupthegym

C.CleaningupthegymD.Helpingperformers

【答案】ACB

【解析】

26.根据文章第一段OnMonday：February12th：from10A.M.until4P.、1可知本题答案为A项。

27.根据上下文推测可知本题答案为C项。

28.根据表格Setupthegyn1t11A.M.-4P.XLFebruary11”可知本题选择B项。

B

AnewTVseriesinEngland,Awayfromitall,hassurprisedeveryonebybecomingahugesuccesswithyoung

peopleacrossthecountry.Itssuccessissurprisingbecausetheseriesisabouttherelaxinglifestylesofpeoplewho

liveinthecountry.ThereisnoneoftheactionthatweusuallyseeonTVtoday.Therearealsonostressfulmoments,

busyofficesorcrowdedcities.AwayfromitallissetinthepeacefulEnglishcountrysideandtellssimplestories

aboutpeople'skindness.

ThedirectoroftheTVseriessaysthatitssuccessisasignofteenagerssufferingfromstress.Theysaythat

watchingAwayfromitallhelpsteenagersforgetaboutthepressures（压力）ofexamsandhomework,andthe

troublesthatfilltheworldtoday.Theyalsosaythatit'sagoodsignoftoday*syoungpeopleswitchingto（转至U）

happierTVseriesasitshowstheywouldlikeahappierandhealthierworld.

Althoughtheseries'successmighthaveagoodside,manyteachersandparentsareworried,however.They

saythatsomeoftheirstudentsandchildrenarebecomingcouchpotatoes（终日泡在电视机前的人）andareusing

Awayfromitallasanexcusefornotcompletinghomework.Somechildrenhaveevenrefusedtolearnforexams

becausetheysaythattheycanonlyachievepersonalhappinessbyavoiding（避免）stressfulsituationscompletely.

Andwhatdotheexperts（专家）say?PaulaRay,adoctorofeducation,saysthatTVcaninfluencechildren's

lifestyles.Butshesaysthatifachildreactsstrongly,it'slikelythatthereareotherreasonsforhischangein

behaviour.ShesaysthatthereisnothingwrongwithwatchingAwayfromitallbutsuggeststhatparentsshould

makesuretheirchildrenknowTVisnotthesameasreallife.

29.ThesuccessofthenewTVseriesissurprisingbecause.

A.itisaboutlifeinbusyoffices

B.itisabouttheEnglishcountryside

C.itisthesameasothersuccessfulTVseries

D.itisdifferentfromothersuccessfulTVseries

30.Thesuccessoftheseriesshowsthatyoungpeoplewouldlike.

A.relaxingjobs

B.EnglishTVseries

C.aworldwithnohomework

D.ahappierandhealthierworld

31.ThedirectorofAwayfromitallbelievethattheserieshelpsyoungpeopledealwith.

A.examsB.stressC.couchpotatoesD.simplestories

32.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAwayfromitallisTURE?

A.ThereissomeactionwecanseeonTVtoday.

B.TheTVseriesAwayfromitallisaboutbusyoffices.

C.Manyparentsareworriedthatitwillinfluencechildren'sstudy.

D.ParentsaresurethattheirchildrenknowTVisdifferentfromreallife.

【答案】DDBC

【解析】

29.D细节理解题.根据Itssuccessissurprisingbecausetheseriesisabouttherelaxinglifestylesofpeoplewho

liveinthecountn*ThereisnoneoftheactionthatweusuallyseeonTVtoday.>描述,可知这部电视剧不同其

它电视剧，所以D选项是正确的。

30.D.细节理解题.根据第二段Theyalsosaythatit'sagoodsignoftoday'syoungpeopleswitchingto（转到）

happierTVseriesasitshowstheywouldlikeahappierandhealthierworld.描述，可知他们还说，今天的年轻人

把爱好转向到了快乐的电视剧，因为这显示了他们想要一个快乐和健康的世界.所以D选项是正确的.

31.B.细节理解题.根据第二段ThedirectoroftheTVseriessaysthatitssuccessisasignofteenagerssuffering

fromstress.描述，可知这部电视剧的导演说，它的成功是一个青少年远离压力的标志.所以B选项是正确

的.

32.C.细节理解题.根据第三段Althoughtheseries^uccessmighthaveagoodside,manyteachersandparents

arewoiTied,描述，可知虽然这部成功的电视剧可能有好的一面，可是许多老师和父母还是很担心.所以C

选项是正确的

解析

本文主要介绍了在英国播出的一部新电视剧”AwayfromilAll”，成为了所有年轻人的追捧.这使它获得了巨

大的成功.它是关于乡下的轻松生活方式的一部电视剧.调查显示，这部电视剧可以帮助青少年缓解读书的

压力以及生活中令人头疼的麻烦事，从而体现他们想要拥有一个快乐和健康的世界.但是，许多老师和学生

家长担心学生会脱离现实，因为他们只能通过看电视这个方法来使自己更快乐些.应该告诉孩子们电视中的

情景和现实生活是不一样的，不能沉溺与电视之中.

C

Familyfightsareneverpleasant.Whetheryouaredealingwithaloudsisterorastubborn（固执的）momor

dad,thesituationcanbebad.

Whatifitcouldbedifferent?Whatiffamilyfightsandconflicts（冲突）couldbeturnedintochancesto

becomecloser?Whatifproblemscouldbesolvedwitheveryonewalkingawayfeelingmoredeeplycaredforand

loved?

Familyfightingis,ononelevel,aboutpower.Someoneistellingsomeoneelsewhattodo.Inashortmoment,

badfeelingscanbebroughtoutandthefightison.Youcangodownthatoldroadoryoucantrysomething

different.

Inanyfight,youhaveaneedtobelistenedtoandunderstood.Peopleraisetheirvoicesandshoutateachother

becausethey'renotbeinglistenedto.Youwantyourmomordadtolistenandunderstand.Youwantyourbrotheror

sistertolistenandcare.Butyoualwaysseemtoforgetthatthepersonyou'refightingwithhasthesameneedtobe

listenedto.Soifyoucanputasideyourneedforafewminutes,thesituationwillchangequickly.Givetheother

personsometimetoexpresshisorherfeelings,andyou'llhaveyourturntobelistenedto.

Andwhileyouarelistening,youhavetolistenfortherightinformation.Thebestwaytodothisin

emotional（情绪激动的）situationsistopaynoattentiontomostofthewordsbecausemanypeoplecan'texpress

whattheyarefeelingwiththewordsalone,especiallywhentheyarenotcalm.

Butifthesituationstartstogetoutofhand,itwouldbewisetojustcalmdownandleavetheproblemuntil

laterbecausemanyfightshappenatthewrongtime.Thesituationwilldiedownquickly,usuallyinlessthan30

seconds.Youcaneithermoveontoproblemsolvingorreachanagreementtoworkonitatabettertime.

Thisway,everyonewillfeelrespectedandlistenedto,evenwhenthereisconflict.Feelingswillbeunderstood

andrespected,anditwillbringyourfamilyclosertogether.

33.Fromthefirst3paragraphs,thewriterwantstotellusthat.

A.peoplehadbetteravoidfamilyfights

B.familymembersfighttocontroleachother

C.familyfightscanbeturnedintosomethinggood

D.whenrelativesfight,ifsworseastheyknoweachother'sweakness

34.Thewriterthinksthatinanyfight,youhaveaneed.

A.toshoutatothers

B.todealwithaloudsister

C.togodownthatoldway

D.tobelistenedtoandunderstood

35.Whenthesituationgetsoutofcontrol,it'sbestto.

A.workonawrittenagreementfirstB.moveontoproblemsolving

C.lettheotherpersonexpresstheirfeelingsD.waitforasuitablemomenttospeak

36.Themainpurposeofthisarticleisto.

A.giveadviceondealingwithfamilyconflicts.

B.teachreadershowtolisteninfamilyfights

C.tellreadersthatfamilyfightsarenotthatbad

D.remindreaderstoshowrespectinfamilyfights

【答案】CDDA

【解析】

1.推断题。根据文章第二段第一句Whatifitcouldbedifferent?第三段最后一句Youcangodownthatold

roadoryoucantrysomethingdifferent可知，争斗是可以被改变的，你可以接受争斗也可以做一些积极的改

变来避免争斗。故C项正确。

2.细节题。根据文章第四段第一句Inanyfight：youhaveaneedt。belistenedt。andunderstood.和第四段最

后两句Soifyoucanputasideyourneedforafewminutes,thesituationwillchangequickly.Givetheother

personsometimetoexpresshisorherfeelings,andyouwillearnyourturntobelistenedto.可知，你需要学会聆

听，并且在满足一定需要的情况下也要让自己被聆听。故正确答案为Do

3.细节题。根据文章第六段第-句Butifthesituationstartstogetoutofhand,itwouldbewisetojustcalm

downandleavetheproblemuntillaterbecausemanyfightshappenatthewrongtime.可知，当争吵难以控制时，

最好等到冷静下来，找到合适的时间再说。

故正确答案为D。

4.主旨题。根据文章最后一段全段Thisway,everyonewillfeelrespectedandlistenedto,evenwhenthereis

conflict.Emotionswillbeunderstoodandrespected,anditwillbringyourfamilyclosertogether.可知，作者在这

篇文章中提出了一些解决和避免争吵的方法，因此，这篇文章的主要目的就是针对家庭争斗提供一些建议

和意见，从而缓和家庭矛盾。

故正确答案为A。

D

Turningthelightsoutorwearingablindfoldwhileeatingcouldbeaquickwaytoloseweight,accordingto

scientists.Thesimpletrickworksbecauseitstopsdinerseatingforpleasureratherthanforcalories.Italsotriggers

（弓I发）apartofthebrainthatisworriedthatunseenfoodmaygobad.

AnexperimentbytheUniversityofKonstanz,inGermany,foundthatpeoplewhowereblindfoldedconsumed

ninepercentfewercaloriesbeforetheyfeltfull,comparedtothosewhocouldsee.Theyalsovastlyoverestimated

howmuchtheyhadeatenbecausetheycouldnotseehowmuchwasleftontheplate.Blindfoldedvolunteers

estimated（估计）theyhadeaten88percentmorethantheyactuallyhad.

Scientistsbelievethatnotseeingfoodonthetablealsoallowsthebodytoknowwhenitisfullinrealtime

ratherthanrememberingpastexperienceswhereitmighthavetakenafullplatetofeelfull.

Intheexperiment,50peoplewereblindfoldedand40wereallowedtoseetheirfood.Allweretoldnottoeat

withintwohoursoftheexperiment.Theywerethengiventhree95gbowlsofchocolateicecreamandinvitedtoeat

for15minutes.Theirbowlsweretakenawayandtheremainingice-creamweighed,whiletheparticipantswere

quizzedonhowmuchtheythoughttheyhadeaten.

Onaveragethegroupwhocouldseeate116gwhiletheblindfoldedgroupsate105g.However,theblindfolded

groupbelievedtheyhadeaten197gwhilecomparedwith159gforthenon-blindvolunteers.Theywerealsoasked

howpleasanttheice-creamtastedandtheblindfoldedgroupratedlowerthanthosewhocouldsee.

"Theexperiencedpleasureofeatingwassignificantlylowerintheblindfoldedgroup.Notseeingthefood

mighthavedecreasedtheappetite.Sightplaysanimportantroleintheeatingexperienceandintheoveralldining

experience."

Previousstudieshaveshownthatthevisualinfluenceoffoodplaysalargepartinthetaste.Whilerestaurants

thatallowdinerstoeatinthedarkstatethatittriggersothersenses,infacteatingindarknessislikelytotastefar

milderthanusual.

37.Withthelightsout,dinerseatlesspartlybecause.

A.theywanttoquicklyfinishtheirmeals

B.theytrusttheirfeelingsmorethanever

C.theyworryaboutthequalityofthefood

D.theypaymoreattentiontofunthanthecalories

38.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethattheblindfoldedgroup.

A.likedtoeatchocolateicecream

B.thoughtthefoodtastedbetterthanusual

C.believedtheyatemorethantheyreallydid

D.spentamuchlongertimeeatingthesamefood

39.Thelasttwoparagraphstellusthat.

A.restaurantsprefertheirdinerstoeatinthedark

B.dinersarelikelytolosetheirappetiteeatingindarkness

C.sensesratherthansightplayanimportantroleinthetaste

D.resultsofthisexperimentdifferfromthepreviousstudies

40.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.tellthereadersoftheresultofanexperiment

B.advisethereaderstoloseweightinanewway.

C.providesomeinformationabouthealthyeating

D.offerpeoplereasonsforpeopletoeatinthedarkareas

【答案】CCBA

【解析】

37.C.细节理解题.根据第一段以及第六段"Notseeingthefoodmighthavedecreasedtheappetite"可知灯熄

了，就餐者少吃部分因为他们担心食品的质量；所以C选项是正确的.

38.C.细节理解题.根据第二段Theyalsovastlyoverestimatedhowmuchtheyhadeatenbecausetheycouldnot

seehowmuchwasleftontheplate以及实蛉过程可以知道戴眼罩的志愿者们相信他们比实际上吃得更多；所

以C选项是正确的.

39.B.细节理解题.根据最后两段Whilerestaurantsthatallowdinerstoeatinthedarkstatethatittriggersother

senses,infacteatingindarknessislikelytotastefarmilderthanusual可知用餐者在黑暗中用餐会减少他们的食

欲；所以B选项是正确的.

40.A.推理判断题.通读全文，本篇文章的主要目的是作者根据实验的过程告知读者实验结果.所以A选项

是正确的.

解析

本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了科学家通过研究发现人们在熄灯或者戴着眼罩

时用餐可以减肥.

[2017-2018学年南京市鼓楼区九年级上学期期末】

A

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