高考英语形容词副词-教师版

高中高中英语课程一高考形容词和副词基础过关形容词概念：形容词是用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。形容词在句中充当什么成分：通常作定语，表语，主补，宾补和状语。做定语一般放在所修饰词的前面aninterestingfilmgoodidea形容词修饰不定代词Some-,any-,no-,every-,时，形容词一般要后置，做后置定语：everybodycleversomethingimportantIhave_______________(一些重要的事情）totellyou做表语eg.Impossibleisnothing.没有不可能。注:(1)一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。常见系动词有：be变化系词：become,get,turn,grow,go保持系词：keep,remain,stay感观系词：look,smell,taste,feel,sound,appear,seem,proveetc.(2)①某些以a开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake，alive②某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语well,illfaint3.做补足语。eg.Weconsidertheplanworkable.我们认为该计划可行。4.做状语表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。Eg.1）Hewenttobed,coldandhungry.2）Knowingthetruth,thebossstoodthere,speechless.得知真相后，老板无言以对。（speechless为状语，注意形容词作状语，通常用于固定句式，该形容词并非修饰谓语动词，而是说明前面名词的性质或状态)。例:Whenitwashisturntodeliverhisspeech，________，hewalkedtowardsthemicrophone.A．nervouslyandA.embarrassinglyB．nervousandembarrassedlyC．nervouslyandembarrassingD．nervousandembarrassed解析：该题考查形容词作状语。形容词一般作定语，但也可作状语。如：Helayinbed，awake.再如：Herhusbandcameback，drunk.答案：D形容词的比较级和最高级变化规则规则变化1.一般情况加er,estsmaller,smallest2.以e结尾加r,stlarger,largest3.以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词改y为i，再加er,estbusier,busiest4.重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾辅音字母，加er,estfatter,fattest5.多数双音节和多音节的词加moremostmorebeautiful,mostimportant不变化规则原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,ill,badlyworse worstmany,much more mostlittle less leastfar farther,further farthest,furtherold older,elder oldest,eldest例：改错1.Fartherexplanationisunnecessary2.Airplanescanflyfurtherandfasterthanthefastestbird.四．具体用法:原级的用法1)as原形asA与B一样……eg.Thetraintravelsasfastasthe3:55train.Hehasnotasmuchmoneyashisfriend.2)notas(so)原形asA与B不一样……四．比较级结构的修饰语1．用于原级之前：almost,nearly,just,exactly,quite,half,twice,threetimes,athird,etc.eg.Johnisalmostastallasyou.Theriveristhreetimesaslongasthatone.Wehaveathirdasmanystudentsaswehadlastterm.2．用于比较级前alot,much,abit,even,alittle,still,agreatdeal,far,rather,twoyears,tenpercent,threetimesetc.eg.Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.学生们学习比以前更努力了。Acarrunsagreatdealfasterthanabike.汽车比自行车跑得快得多。It'scoldthisyear,butit'sevencolderlastyear.Weproduced6%moregrainthisyearthanwedidlastyear.3．用于形容词和最高级前thevery,muchthe,byfarthe,thefirst/secondeg.Thishatisbyfarthelargestintheworld.Goldistheverymostvaluableofallmaterials.ThebridgebeingbuiltnowisbyfarthelongestacrosstheYellowRiver.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。I’dliketobuythesecondmostexpensivecamera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。五．形容词的构成1.本身为形容词nice,red,glad2.形容词后缀-able,-ful,-less,-ous,-al,-ent,-en,-some名词+y结尾的形容词3.ly结尾的形容词friendly,timely,lovely,deadly,daily,weekly,yearlydeadly,costly,likely,lively(,lovely。复合形容词warm-hearted,good-tempered,easy-going,duty-free顺序在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。"县官行令杀国才。"这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：限（冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等）观（描绘）形（大小、形状等）龄（年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）asmallroundtableatallgraybuildingThisaprettysmallroundoldbrownChinesewoodenwritingdesk补充：cannot/never与enough或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越……越好。—Iwasridingaloneinthestreetandallofasudden，acarcutinandknockedmedown.——我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了—Youcanneverbetoocarefulinthestreet.——在大街上你越仔细越好。考点解析考点一：词义辨析1.【2012山东卷】33.Be_______—youcan’texpectmetofinishallthisworkinsolittletime.A.reasonableB.confidentC.creativeD.grateful2.【2012安徽卷】23.Interestisastolearningastheabilitytounderstand,evenmoreso.A.vitalB.availableC.specificD.Similar3.【2011浙江卷,16】Myscheduleisvery______rightnow,butI’lltrytofityouin.A.tightB.shortC.regularD.flexible1.【答案】A2.【答案】A【解析】Bevitalto表示：对极端重要3.【答案】A1.Defeatis_______．Youloseoneortwogamesandyoustopbelievingyoucanwin．A．physicalB．politicalC．psychologicalD．beneficial2.MayIcheckinnow?Sorry,sir!Butthere’snotanyroom______inourhotel.A.usefulB.convenientC.flexibleD.available3.Nowadays,thereisa______increaseinchildren’screativity,fortheyaregreatlyencouragedtodeveloptheirtalents.A.sharpB．slightC．naturalD．modest4.Millionsofyoungpeopleareso________abouttheso-called“SinglesDay”thatevenwebsiteslikeTaobaohavespecialsalesonNovember11.A.particularB.positiveC.enthusiasticD.cautious5.Theshopownerpromisedmethathewouldinformmeassoonastheproductbecame.A．approachableB．affordableC．availableD．accessible6.Willyoube________thisafternoon,Samuel?Itdepends.I’mafraidI’llwatchNBA.A.suitableB.accessibleC.convenientD.available考点二：倍数表达法表示倍数的句型：Ais＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B(2)Ais＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B(3)Ais＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋BAis＋倍数＋that＋of＋BAis＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句①Thisbuildingisthreetimeshigherthanthatone.Thisbuildingisthreetimesashighasthatone.Thisbuildingisthreetimestheheightofthatone.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。②Theoutputofthisyearis3timesthatof2012.＝Theoutputofthisyearis3timeswhatitwasin20012.今年的产量是2012年的三倍。1Myuncle’shouseinthedowntownareaismuchsmallerthanours，butitistwice________expensive.A．asB．soC．tooD．very解析：答案：APeter’sjacketlookedjustthesameasJack’s，butitcost________his.asmuchtwiceas B．twiceasmuchasC．muchastwiceasD．astwicemuchas解析：答案：B3.Whenyoustudythelocalmap，you’llfindthistownis________.twicethesizeofthatoneB．twiceasalargetownasthatC．twiceaslargerasthatoneD．twiceaslargeratownasthat解析：答案：A考点三、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级基本用法1.—Doyouthinkthatthe11thChineseNationalGameswereasuccess?—Yes，________！Itcouldn’tbe________.relatively；betterB．approximately；worseC．absolutely；betterD．fortunately；worse2.Ofthetwocameras，Iwouldprefer________one，whichisveryeasyformetocarry.A．asmallerB．thesmallestC．asmallD．thesmaller3.________，sheisthesortofwomantospreadsunshinetopeoplethroughhersmile.ShyandcautiousB．SensitiveandthoughtfulC．HonestandconfidentD．Lightheartedandoptimistic4.【2011四川卷,12】——HowareyourrecenttriptoSichuan?——I’veneverhadonebefore.apleasantB.amorepleasantC.amostpleasantD.themostpleasant5.—Wastheplaynice?—Yes.Asamatteroffact,Ihaveneverseena_____one.A.BadB.Good C.Worse D.better1.C 2.D 3.D 4B 5B考点四：1.so…thatsuch…that2.拓展：“as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as”表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisascience.例：Believeitornot，swimmingis________asanytoloseunwantedweight.A．awayasgoodB．asagoodwayC．asawaygoodD．asgoodaway解析：考查固定短语。as...as表示“和……一样”，固定表达方式有“as＋adj./adv.＋as”“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as”等。答案：D副词1．副词的主要分类时间副词：now,then,early,late,lately,recently地点副词：there，here，below，above频度副词：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never方式副词：well，slowly，hard，badly程度副词：still,even,very,rather，much，hardly,quite疑问副词：how，when，where,why连接副词：when，where，why，whether关系副词：when,where，why其他副词：also，not,only，too2.副词的语法功能副词在句中可作状语、表语、宾语补足语和后置定语。（1）作状语，修饰形容词、动词、介词短语和副词，也可修饰整个句子。Icanrunveryfast.我跑得非常快。注意：1.有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though，(ever)since，incase等Heisold.Heworkshard，though.＝Thoughheisold，heworkshard.虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。2.有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等Fortunately，hewasnotdrownedandwassavedbythePLA.幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。（2）其它作表语，在系动词后。Classisover.下课了。Timeisup.时间到。作定语，放在被修饰词之后。Doyouknowthegirlupstairs?你认识楼上的女孩吗？Soonyouwillbeacquaintedwiththepeoplearound.不久你就会熟悉这附近的人。Areyoucontentwiththelifehere?你对这儿的生活满意吗？Haveyouthoughtofthewayout?你有没有考虑这一出路？作补语Wewereshownaroundbytheyoungman．Lethimin/out.I’llseeyouoffatthestation.作介词宾语It'salongwayfromheretoyourschool.Hehaslivedheresincethen.3.同根副词的区别有些副词有两种形式，一种与形容词同形，另一种是形容词加后缀-ly构成，这两种副词有时意义相近，但有时含义完全不同，使用时应该注意。1）high和highly

high的意思是“高”，表示空间高度；highly的意思是“高度地；非常地”，表示程度。Thebirdisflyinghighupinthesky.鸟在空中高高地飞。Wespokehighlyofher.我们高度赞扬了她。2）wide和widely

wide表示空间宽度，意为“充分地；大大地”,widely表示范围，意为“广泛地”。Sheopenedthedoor______.她把门完全打开。Englishis______used.英语广泛地被应用。3）deep和deeply

deep的意思是“深”,表示空间深度，deeply时常表示感情，意为“深深地”。Hewentonstudyingdeepintothenight.他继续学习直到深夜。Thistouchedherheart______.这深深打动了她的心。4）close和closely

close的意思是“靠近”；closely的意思则是“仔细地；密切地”。Theylive______tothemuseum.他们住在靠近博物馆的地方。Weare______watchingthedevelopments.我们正密切注视情况的发展。5）direct和directly

direct作副词用往往用于表示时间、路程和方式等概念中，表示“直接地；直达地”；directly多用于借喻，表示“坦率地；截然”，有时还可用来表示“立即，马上”的意思。Theplanegoes______fromLondontoHoustonwithoutstopping.飞机由伦敦直达休斯敦，中途不停。Hisviewis______opposedtomine.

他的观点与我的截然相反。6）late和lately

late的意思是“晚”，lately意思是“最近”。Manypeoplesleep______onSundaymorning.许多人在星期天早晨睡懒觉。Whathaveyoubeendoing______?最近你在干什么？7）near和nearly

near的意思是“在附近”，nearly的意思是“几乎”。Myauntlivesquite______.我姑姑住得相当近。Theboy______fellintotheriver.那男孩险些跌人河中。8）free和freely

free是“免费”；freely是“自由地，随意地”。Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurant.

你可以在我的餐馆免费用餐。Youmayspeakfreely.你可以直言。9）hard和hardly

hard是“努力地”，hardly是“几乎不”。Ihavebeenworkinghardallmorning.我辛辛苦苦地干了一上午活。Wecanhardlybelieveit.我们简直不能相信。10）most和mostly

most是“最，非常”，mostly是“主要地”。Whatinterestedhermostwasthelongitudeline.最让她感兴趣的是经度线。11）firm和firmly

二者意思基本相同，都表示“坚定地，牢固地”的意思。根据用法习惯，firm常与hold和stand等搭配，其他情况多用firmly。Sheholdsfirmtoherprinciples.她坚持自己的原则。Theconceptof“customersfirst”shouldbefirmlyrootedinthemindofeveryshopassistant.

“顾客第一”的概念应牢牢地树立在每个营业员的心中。Theaudienceconsistedmostlyofwomen.观众主要是妇女。12）dead和deadly

dead作副词时表“完全地；绝对地”；deadly一般作形容词用，意为“致命的”，作副词表“死一般地；极度地”。Themanlayontheground,deaddrunk.那个人躺在地上，喝得烂醉。Hisfacewasdeadlypale.他的脸死一般地苍白。Ineeditdeadly.我好需要它！练习：改错1.herEnglishisalittlehardlytounderstand2.Ihadtotryhardlynottolaughathershockedface!3.Theyhadtod