高二英语Unit9-Savingtheearth人教版知识精点

word高二英语Unit9—Savingtheearth人教版【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容：Unit9—Savingtheearth1.单元内容介绍与分析2.重点词汇与短语讲解3.重，难点句的解释与分析二.知识总结与归纳：〔一〕单元内容介绍与分析：1.本单元的中心话题是“拯救地球’，具体涉与地球所面临的问题、造成这些问题的原因和解决问题的方法等。语言技能和语言知识都是围绕拯救地球这一中心话题设计的。2.学习材料：听力〞〔Listening〕局部提供了一段演说词，谈到了地球所面临的问题。第一局部要求学生通过听弄清说话者的观点，并根据所听内容预测下文；第二局部要求学生列出说话人的观点等，然后预测下文。“阅读〞〔Reading〕局部是一篇关于“地球峰会〞的介绍性文章。文章介绍了2002年在南非首都约翰内斯堡召开的“地球峰会〔TheEarthSummit〕〞的根本情况，包括会议召开的背景、会议的主题以与与会者所讨论的主要问题和提出的解决方法等。通过对该文章的阅读，可以丰富学生有关本单元主题的语言和信息。“综合技能〞局部设计了听、说、写的活动，以写为主线。听的内容是“地球峰会〞上的两篇发言。在听的根底上，要求学生陈述他们的观点。写的活动包括听中补充提纲，听后写要点、提纲以与说后写段落，环环相扣，层层深入。“语言学习〞：掌握有关倒装句的几个常用结构。〔二〕词汇学习：运用构词知识理解如下单词：ecology；environmentalist；sustainable；killer；equality；fairness；responsibility；cooperation；willingness；incorrect〔三〕重点词汇与短语的用法：1.issue：问题；争议；发行；分配，期刊Youwillattendthemeetinganddiscusstheissue.Ijustgotarise,somoneyisnolongeranissue.Unemploymentisnottheissue-therealproblemisthedeclineinpublicmorality.Thearticlewillappearinthenextmonth'sissue.Thepostofficeissuedthestampslastweek.2.content：内容；目录；容量；满足；满意Withoutreadingthetext,trytopredictitscontent.Thecontentofyouressayisexcellent,butit’snotverywellexpressed.注意表达“满足，满意〞的短语：becontentwithsth.becontenttodosth.Heiscontentwithlife.Johnseemscontenttositinfrontofthetelevisionallnight.1/9word3.access：接近；进入；接近……的方法；到达……的权利20%ofthepeopleonearthdonothaveaccesstocleandrinkingwater.Thehouseisinthecenterpartofthetownwithgoodaccesstotheshops.Hospitalsshouldgivepatientstherightofaccesstotheirmedicalrecords.Allthebranchmanagerscanaccessthedatabankofthegeneraloffice.4.responsibility：责任；责任心；职责Richcountrieshavearesponsibilitytowardspoorcountriesandmustdowhatevertheycantohelpothers.Takingcareoffamilyisabigresponsibility.注意构词形式：responsibility的形容词形式为responsible；常见短语是：beresponsiblefor：替/对……负责。Sheismystudent,andImustberesponsibleforher.5.inharmonywith：与…协调/和谐；反义词outofharmonywithWithbettereducation,peoplewillbeabletobuildabetterSocietyinharmonywithnatureandperhapsputanendtothedeathandsufferingscausedbythebigthree.Histastesareinharmonywithmine.BobandIworkedtogetherinharmonyforyears.6.putanendto：完毕Wemustputanendtothisfoolishbehaviour.Thechieftaskofthemomentistoputanendtotheterriblepollutionintherivers.〔四〕辨析如下单词〔近义词〕1.affect/effectaffect：动词：影响；感动；侵袭effect：名词：影响，效果；常见短语：haveaneffectonsb./sth.Whatwedoisimportantbecauseitaffectstheenvironment.Allthepeopleintheroomwereaffectedtotears.Themedicinehaslittleeffectontheoldman.2.defend/protect/guarddefend：用武力或其他措施保护人们不受损害。辩护。protect：用各种安全防御措施尽力照顾某人不受损害。guard：留心守望，警戒Makesurethatyouarereadytoanswerquestionsanddefendyourargument.ItisthedutyofeveryChinesecitizentodefendmotherland.Clothesprotectusfromcold.Towbigdogsguardthefarm.〔五〕重，难点句的解释与分析1.OneofthemainthemesOfthesummitwas“sustainabledevelopment’，orthequestionofhowwecancontinuedevelopingtheworldwithoutdamagingtheenvironment.其主题之一是“可持续开展〞，也就是如何在不破坏环境的情况下使世界继续开展的问题。〔1〕句中or意为“也就是：即〞，用于补充说明上文的内容。例如：ThecompanyispayingtherentoratleastContributingtoit2/9wordor的用法很多，除了上述的意思外，常见的还有：Don’tputanythingplasticintheovenoritwillprobablystartmelting.Areyougoingwithyourparentsorbyyourself?〔2〕withoutdoing结构在句子中作状语，表示“在没发生……情况下〞。Theylefttheschoolinahurry,withoutsayinggoodbyetoanyone.2.Airpollutionalonecausesalmostthreemilliondeaths.仅空气污染就造成了近三百万人死亡。〔1〕alone在此是副词，用在名词或代词后面，表示“只，只有；仅仅〞。Healoneisnotresponsibleforit.Moneyalonecannotmakeyouhappy.alone还可以解释“单独地；独自地〞。Helikestogoitaloneineverything.alone作形容词时，解释“单独的;唯一的：独一无二的〞，在句子作表语。Iamnotaloneinthisopinion.〔2〕deaths：可数名词：死亡的人数。不可数名词指：死亡。3.Ifwearetodeveloptheworldsuccessfully,wemustmakesurethateveryoneisabletotakepartinthenewworldwecreate.如果我们要成功地开发世界，就必须确保人人都能够参与我们创造的新世界。be+todosth这个结构常常表示安排，命令、职责、义务、目的、用途，可能性、命中注定等含义。例如：Wearetomeetattheschoolgate.Youaretobebackby10o'clock.Theprizeistohonourhimforhisgreatdiscovery.4.Richercountrieshavearesponsibilitytowardspoorercountriesandmustdowhatevertheycantohelpothers.富国对于国穷负有责任，他们必须尽可能地帮助其他国家。dowhateveronecan相当于dowhatonecan，只是前者的语气更强。〔六〕阅读材料中的典型倒装句：1.Withoutinternationalcooperation,developingcountriescannotprosper,norwillsustainabledevelopmentbepossible.没有国际合作，由nor，neither，not，hardly，seldom,never等表示否认意思的局部倒装结构。局部倒装类似一般疑问句结构开展中国家合作就不可能繁荣，可持续开展也就不可能实现。词位于句首时，句子采用。NeverhaveImethim.Seldomhaveweseensuchbigmelons.Hardlyhadsheenteredthehousewhensheheardthedogbarking.2.Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.只有我们改变自己的生活方式，才能拯救地球。由“only+状语〞结构位于句首，句子也需采用局部倒装结构。Onlyinthiswaycanyouworkoutthemathsproblem.OnlywhenTomreturnsthisafternoonwillthemeetingbegan.3.HadIknownthatairconditionerscausesomuchpollution,1wouldneverhaveboughtone.要是我以前知道空调会造成大量的污染，我就不会买它了。3/9word这是一个含有虚拟语气结构的句子，其中条件句的引导词if被省略，按照倒装句的规如此，采用局部倒装句。原结构是IfIhadknownthatairconditionerscausesomuchpollution,1wouldneverhaveboughtone.4.Abetterunderstandingoftheenvironmentisnecessary,asisthewillingnesstoact.更好地了解环保是必要的，行动的愿望也是必要的。as相当于so：通常表达“……也是一样〞可以说：as/sois〔was;does;do;did….〕+主语。Hebelieved,asdidallhisfamily,thatGodwouldblessthem.【典型例题】单项选择：1.Wesatthere,withwhatwelistenedto.A.satisfyingB.tosatisfyC.contentedD.content答案：D分析：content形容词，作伴随状语；也可以用satisfied。2.Passengersare_____tobecarefulofpickpockets.A.hopedB.informedC.advisedD.suggested答案：C分析：句意为“乘客被告知要谨防小偷。〞advisesb.todosth．变形为beadvisedtodosth…其他三项都不能用于这一结构中。3.Whenshefainted,herfriendsopenedawindowandputcoldwateronherfacetoher.A.refineB.reviveC.reviseD.reverse答案：B分析：句意为“她昏倒后，她的朋友们打开窗户，井把凉水洒在她的脸上，以使她苏醒过来。〞revive使苏醒，与句意吻合。4.Noonewas____forthedamageofthebrokenwindow,becauseitwasbrokenbythestorm.A.excusedB.consideredC.responsibleD.possible答案：C分析：beresponsiblefor.:对……负责。5.Youmusttothisbadbehaviour.A.giveupB.doawayC.putanendD.makeway答案：C分析：句意为“你必须抑制这个恶习。〞putanendtosth.去掉……与句意吻合。6.Somepeoplesaythatstudents'progressinschoolis__byenvironmentandheredity.A.effectedB.affectedC.offeredD.afforded答案：B分析：“有些人认为学生们在学校的进步是会受到环境和遗传因素影响的。〞affect影响，与句意吻合。7.Thebranchescouldhardlytheweightofthefruit.A.retainB.sustainC.maintainD.remain答案：B分析：sustaintheweightofsth.支撑某物。retain保存；保持，maintain维持，remain剩下，留下。8.Overathirdofthepopulationwasestimatedtohaveno____tothehealthservice.4/9wordA.appointmentB.assignmentC.exceptionD.access答案：D分析：“估计有超过三分之一的人没有机会享受健康服务。〞have〔no〕accessto“有〔没有〕机会进入〔享受；使用〕……〞。9.Thebasiccausesareunknown,althoughcertainconditionsthatmayleadtocancerhavebeen____.A.identifiedB.informedC.conveyedD.undertaken答案：A分析：identify认出；识别，inform通知；告知，convey传播；传达，undertake保证。句意为“癌症的根本起因还不清楚，但某些可能会导致癌症的条件已被发现。〞10.Therewasonceatowninthiscountrywherealllifeseemedtolivein___withitssurroundings.A.chanceB.harmonyC.ability.D.introduction答案：B分析：句意为“在这个国家曾有一个小城镇，那儿所有的生命与周围的环境都和谐地生存着。〞inharmonywith协调一致；和谐，与句意吻合。【模拟试题】〔答题时间：60分钟〕一.单项选择：1.Thedoctortelephonedtosaythathecouldn’t____themeetingbecausehehadto___apatient.A.cameto;attendtoB.attend;attendC.join;treatD.attendon;lookafter2.Onceoutoftheearth’sgravity,theastronautisbytheproblemofweightlessness.A.affectedB.effectedC.relatedD.offered3.Accessthemountain-townisoftendifficultbecauseofthebadroads.A.ofB.withC.toD.on4.isagoodchancethatI'I1finishtheworktomorrow.A.ItB.ThereC.ThisD.That5.Hesoonfoundhimselfhisnewco-workers.A.inharmonyofB.intheharmonyofC.inharmonywithD.intheharmonywith6.Herfathergaveherthe___ofgoingontocollegeorstartingtowork.A.chanceB.opportunityC.alternativeD.possibility7.Theytheirsideofthefieldverywell.A.defendedB.protectedC.keepD.prevent8.Ifeelthatitwastimeformeto____.A.takeactionsB.takeanactionC.taketheactionD.takeaction9.Thetown’sdrinking-water_____withprimchemicalsatpresent.A.contaminatesB.iscontaminatedC.isbeingcontaminatedD.hasbeencontaminated10.Thestudentsontheprofessor’slecturenowandthen.A.tooknoteB.tooknotesC.tooknoticeD.tookaction5/9word11.Onlyafterreachingeighteenjointhearmy.A.haveyou;youcanC.youhave;youcanB.haveyou;canyouD.youhave;canyou12.Sofunny___thateveryoneburstintolaughing.A.shelookedB.wasshelookingC.didshelookD.hadshelooked13.anicemanthatweallbelievehim.A.So;heseinedB.So;didheseemC.Such;heseethedD.Such;didheseem14.____satdownforarestthedoorbellrang.A.HardlyIhad;whenC.HardlyhadI;thanB.HardlyIhad;thanD.Hardlyhadhwhen15.Notonly____thismachine,but____it.A.canherun;canherepairB.hecanrun;canherepairC.hecanrun;hecanrepairD.canherun;heranrepair二.阅读理解：〔A〕Theviewoveravalleyofatinyvillagewiththatched〔茅草盖的〕roofcottagesaroundachurch;adrivethroughanarrowvillagestreetlinedwiththatchedcottagespaintedpinkorwhite;thesightovertherollinghillsofthatchedfarmbuildings--thesearestillcommonsightsinpartsofEngland.MostpeoplewillagreethatthethatchedroofisanessentialpartoftheattractionoftheEnglishcountryside.Thatchingisinfacttheoldestofallthebuildingcrafts〔行业〕practicedintheBritishIsles.Althoughthatchhasalwaysbeenusedforcottagesandfarmbuildings,itwasonceusedforcastlesandchurches,too.Thatchingisasolitary〔独自的〕craft,whichoftenrunsinfamilies.ThecraftofthatchingasitispracticedtodayhaschangedverylittlesincetheMiddleAges.Over800full-timethatchersareemployedinEnglandandWalestoday,maintainingandrenewingtheoldroofsaswellasthatchingnewerhouses.Manypropertyownerschoosethatchnotonlyforitsbeautybutbecausetheyknowitwillkeepthemcoolinsummerandwarminwinter.Infact,ifwelookatdevelopingcountries,overhalftheworldlivesunderthatch,buttheyalldoitindifferentways.Peopleindevelopingcountriesareoftenunwillingtogobacktotraditionalmaterialsandwouldprefermodembuildings.However,theymaylackthemoneytoallowthemtoimportthenecessarymaterials.Theirtemporary〔临时的〕smallmudhousewiththatchedroofsofwildgrassesoftenonlylastsixmonths.ThatchwhichhasbeendoneintheBritishwaylastsfromtwentytosixtyyears,andisaneffectivedefenseagainsttheheat.1.WhichofthefollowingremainsauniquefeatureoftheEnglishcountryside?A.Narrowstreetslinedwithpinkorwhitefarmbuildings.B.Rollinghillswithprettyfarmbuildings.C.Cottagewiththatchedroofs.D.Churcheswithcottagesaroundthem.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthatchingasacraft?A.Itisacollectiveactivity.6/9wordB.Itisinmostcaseshandeddownamongfamilymembers.C.Itisquitedifferentfromwhatitusedtobe.D.ItispracticedonfarmsalloverEngland.3.PeopleindevelopedcountriesalsoliveunderthatchbecauseA.thatchedcottagesareabigtouristattractionB.thatchedroofhousesarethecheapestC.thatchisaneffectivedefenseagainsttheheat.D.theylikethatchedhousesbetterthanotherbuildings4.ThatchedhousesarestillpreferredbecauseofA.theirstyleandcomfortB.theirhighqualityC.theireasykeepingD.theirready-madematerials〔B〕Coketownwasatownofredbrick,orofbrickthatwouldhavebeenredifthesmokeandasheshadallowedit;butinfactitwasatownofunnaturalredandblacklikethepaintedfaceofsavage〔野人〕.Itwasatownofmachineryandtallchimney,outofwhichsmoketrailedthemselvesforeverandever.Ithadablackcanalinit,andariverthatranpurplewithillsmellingcolor,andlargepilesofbuildingfullofwindowswheretherewasarattlingandatremblingalldaylong,andwherethesteam-engineworkedupanddownliketheheadofanelephantinastateofmadness.Thetowncontainedseverallargestreetsallverylikeoneanother,andmanysmallstreetsstillmorelikeoneanother,inhabited〔居住〕bypeopleequallylikeoneanother.Asunnymidsummerday.TherewassuchathingsometimeseveninCoketown.Seenfromadistanceinsuchaweather,Coketownlaycoveredinasmokeofitsown.Youonlyknewthetownwasthere,becauseyouknewtherecouldhavebeennosuchaplaceupontheviewwithoutatown.Thestreetswerehotanddustyonthesummerday,andthesunwassobrightthatitevenshonethroughthesmokeoverCoketown,andcouldnotbelookedatsteadily.Workersappearedfromlowundergrounddoorwaysintofactoryyards,andsatonsteps,wipingtheirfacesandlookingatcoals.Thewholetownseemedtobefryinginoil.Therewasasmellofhotoileverywhere.Theatmosphereofthoseplaceswaslikethebreathofhell〔地狱〕,andtheirinhabitantswastingwithheat,walkedlazilyinthedesert.Butnotemperaturemadethemadelephantsmoremadormoresane〔理智的〕.Theirtiresomeheadswentupanddownatthesanerate,inhotweatherandincold,wetweatheranddry.Themeasuredmovementoftheirshadowsofwood;whileforthesummernoiseofinsects,itcouldofferalltheyearround,fromthedawnofMondaytothenightofSaturday.1.WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTproperlyusedtodescribeCoketown?A.unpleasantB.dirtyC.noisyD.deserted2.FromthepassageweknowthatCoketownwasmainlya〔n〕_____town.A.industrialB.agriculturalC.historicalD.cultural3.Only_____werenotaffectedbyweather.A.theworkmenB.thehabitantsC.thesteam-enginesD.thewoods4.Whichistheauthor’sopinionofCoketown?A.Coketownshouldbereplacedbywoods7/9wordB.ThetownhadtoomuchoilinitC.ThetownwasseriouslypollutedD.Thetown’satmospherewasunchanged三.短文改错：WhenJoeleftuniversity,hegotagoodworkinabikefactory.Butafterhehadbeenworkedthereforsomeyears,hedecidedtohavechange,soheputanoticeinseveralnewspapers,sayingwhatexperienceshehadandthekindofjobhewouldliketohave.Oneoftheanswersheacceptedwasfromamanwaslookingforajob,too.Thismanwrotetohim,“Dear,sir,whenyougetanewjob,bekindenoughtogiveyournameandaddresstoyourpresentbossasIhavebeentryingtofindapositionlikeyoursforalongtime.〞Afterhereadstheletter,hesuddenlyrealizedthatwhathehaddonewasrealfoolish.1.______2.______3.______4.______5.______6.______7.______8.______9.______10._____【试题答案】一.单项选择：1.B参加会议常用attend〔bepresentat〕themeeting，照看病人可用attend〔on〕apatient或lookafterapatient。2.A句意为“一旦摆脱了地球吸引力，宇航员就受到失重问题的影响。〞affectvt.影响，与句意吻合。3.C“由于路况不好，进入山城总是很难。accessto…进入……接近……为一固定用法。4.Bthereisagoodchance〔that〕…有可5.Cinharmonywith与……和睦；与……和谐．为一6.C句意为“她父亲让她在上大学继续求学和开始工作之间作出抉择。alternative“两能发生某事，为一固定句型。固定短语。者〔或两者以上〕选一〞，与句意相符。7.A句意为“他们侧面防守很好。〞defend防守；防御，与句意吻合。8.Dtakeaction行动．为一9.C“这城市的饮用水目前正受到有毒化学药品的污染。〞之间存在被动关系，由atpresent可知应用进展时的被动式，固定短语。drinking-water与contaminate10.B“学生们听教授讲课时不时地做笔记。〞takenotes“做笔记〞，为一固定搭配。11.D在only之后的从句要倒装。12.Clook作