美国高品质公猪精液生产

ProductionofHighQualityBoarSemen高品质公猪精液生产DonaldG.Levis,PhDExtensionEducatorUniversityofNebraska–LincolnAgriculturalResearch&DevelopmentCenter

March20,1USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第1页Subjectmattertobediscussed

讨论主要问题Managementofboars公猪管理Proceduresforcollecting,processingandstoringsemen精液采集、处理和贮存程序Designandmanagementofacommercialoff-siteboarstud场外商品公猪站设计和管理March20,2USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第2页ManagementofBoars

公猪管理Topicstodiscuss讨论主题ReasonsforcullingAIboars淘汰人工授精站公猪原因Heat-stresseffects热应激作用Photoperiodeffects光照周期作用Frequencyofcollection采精频率Feedingprogram喂养程序March20,3USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第3页ReasonsforcullingAIboars

淘汰人工授精站公猪原因Reason原因%Age年纪28Semenquality精液品质28Soundness健壮10Libido性欲10Temperament性情3Ulcers溃汤3Other其它18March20,4USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第4页Rectaltemperature:直肠温度38.24°C(Boar1)37.75°C(Boar2)Testisis2to3°Ccooler睾丸温度要低2-3摄氏度附睾根部阴囊附睾首部腹部后腿Preventheat-stressontestis预防睾丸热应激反应March20,5USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第5页Vascularsupplytotestishelpscooltestis睾丸供血系统有助降低睾丸温度Pampiniformplexus蔓状静脉丛-heatexchangebetweenarteryandvein动脉与静脉之间热交换Veins静脉Artery动脉Testicularartery睾丸动脉March20,6USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第6页Temperatureoftestis,epididymis,scrotumandbodyatanambienttemperatureof23°Cor34°C环境温度23-34℃时,睾丸、附睾、阴囊及身体温度Ifscrotumisnotcooled,thetemperatureofthetestiswillcontinuetorisewhenambienttemperaturerises!当环境温度升高,假如阴囊不能降温,睾丸温度将不停升高Temperatureofscrotumincreased4.0C阴囊温度增加4℃Temperatureoftestisincreased0.7C睾丸温度增加0.7℃Temperatureofepididymisincreased0.8C附睾温度增加0.8℃March20,7USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第7页Totaltimetoproducespermcell:45to50days产生精子细胞总时间：45-50天35daysintestis在睾丸中35天10to15daysinepididymis在附睾中10-15天附睾首部附睾根部附睾体部输精管精小管March20,8USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第8页HeatStressandSpermAbnormalities

热应激和精子畸形WeeksafterHeatStress热应激后周数

AbnormalSperm,%Peaksat6weeks6周达最大Stillhighat8weeks8周仍较高畸形精子March20,9USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第9页HeatStressofboarsandconceptionrate

公猪热应激与受胎率WeeksafterHeatStress热应激后周数

Femaleconception,%5-to6-weekdelayuntilworst5-6周延迟后达最坏ExtendedRecovery延迟恢复母猪受胎率March20,10USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第10页Effectofseasononspermoutput

季节对精子产量影响冬季夏季种公猪舍精子/射出十亿March20,11USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第11页Effectofseasononpercentageofejaculatesdiscarded季节对不合格精液射精百分率影响%motilityor%normalspermwaslessthan70%%活率或%正常精子少于70%冬季夏季种公猪舍不合格精液射精百分比%March20,12USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第12页Someboarsareheat-stressedat27.9C

有些种公猪在27.9℃产生热应激Coolscrotumwithwaterandairmovement 用水和流动空气来冷却阴囊Wetanddrycycle 湿和干循环Startcoolingprocessat25.5C 在25.5℃时开始冷却过程Respirationrateisnotagoodindicatorofheat-stress 呼吸率不是热应激好指示指标March20,13USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第13页Effectofincreasingairtemperature(1C/day)onrespirationrateof160kgboars

气温升高(1℃/天)对160kg公猪呼吸频率影响*******Differentfrompre-treatment,P<.05每个处理之间显著不一样*91.4°F(33C)Respirationsaresignificantlygreater天气温(华氏)每分钟呼吸次数气温呼吸频率呼吸显著加紧14美国高品质公猪精液生产第14页Effectofincreasingairtemperatureonscrotalsurfacetemperatureofboars气温对公猪阴囊表面温度影响*******Differentfrompre-treatment,P<.05每个处理之间显著不一样****86°F(30C)Scrotaltemperatureis3.5Chigherthanwk1阴囊温度比一周前高3.5℃气温(华氏)气温阴囊温度阴囊温度(华氏)天15美国高品质公猪精液生产第15页Caution

注意Keepingthefloortoowetcauses:保持地板太湿将造成:Bacterialcontaminationofsemen细菌污染精液Softpadsonthefeetofboars过软垫子对公猪蹄了影响March20,16USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第16页Doesthedurationofphotoperiodinfluencespermproduction?

光照时间影响精子产量吗?March20,17USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第17页Influenceofphotoperiodandtemperatureonspermproduction

光照时间和温度对精子产量影响**P<.05*每次射精精子数(十亿)光照时间(小时)March20,18USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第18页Frequencyofejaculation

射精频率Balancebetweensemenvolumeandspermcellconcentration精液体积和精子密度之间平衡volumeofseminalfluidsimportantforextension精清体积对稀释是非常主要numberofviablespermimportantforfertility活精子数量对受精是非常主要March20,19USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第19页Frequencyofejaculation

射精频率Twocollectionsperweekisnearoptimumforboarstuds对公猪站公猪,每七天2次采精较理想MondayandThursday周一和周四TuesdayandFriday周二和周五Somestudsonlycollectonetimeperweek一些公猪站每七天只进行一次采精March20,20USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第20页Theeffectofintervalbetweencollectiononspermoutput采精间隔对精子产量影响IntervalBetweenCollection,Days2次采精间间隔(天)

SpermCells/collection(billion)每一次采精精子总数(十亿)March20,21USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第21页Keepboarsonaregularcollectionschedule!

确保公猪有规律采精日程!40boarscollected1x/wkfor3months40头公猪每七天采精1次保持3个月Afterthe3months3个月后One-halfcontinuedon1timeperweek二分之一继续保持每七天采精1次One-halfcollectedrandomly另二分之一随机采精Nomorethan3timesperweek每七天不超出3次Notlessthan1timein3weeks在3周内不少于1次March20,22USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第22页Results结果1timeperweekcollectionschedule每次1次采精程序组18of20boars:Semenquantityremainedconstant20头公猪中有18头精液品质保持稳定Randomcollectionschedule随机采精程序组8of20boars:Semenquantityremainedconstant20头公猪中8头精液品质保持稳定3of20boars:Semenquantityimproved20头公猪中3头精液品质有提升9or20boars:Semenquantitydecreased20头公猪中9头精液品质有下降March20,23USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第23页FeedingProgram

喂养模式March20,24USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第24页Estimationofthedailyenergyrequirementsofbreedingboars使役公猪天天所需能量评定BW,kg体重,kg100150200250300Growth,kg/d日增重,kg0.10.0Energyrequirements(MJDE/day)能量需要(消化能,MJ/天)Maint.维持17.222.527.331.635.6BGain体增重2.2--Mating配种1.21.4Semen精液0.50.5Total累计31.033.534.837.339.4March20,25USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第25页Estimationofthedailyfeedrequirementsofbreedingboars使役公猪饲量评定BW,kg体重,kg100150200250300Growthkg/d日增重,kg0.10.0Feedrequirements(kg/day)饲喂量(kg/天)Diet:13.0MJDE/kg饲料:消化能13.0MJ/kg2.93.0Diet:13.5MJDE/kg饲料:消化能13.5MJ/kg2.82.9March20,26USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第26页Generalizedrelationshipbetweenheartgirthandboarliveweight

公猪心脏大小与活重之间总体相关关系Heartgirth,cm心脏大小,cmBodyweight,kg体重,kg114.3136.1127.0181.4139.7226.8152.4272.2March20,27USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第27页Semencollection,processingandstoring

精液采集、处理和保留March20,28USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第28页Adoseofsemenshouldhave:

一份精液应该有:Spermcellswithgreaterthan70%motility 精子活力（率）大于70%March20,29USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第29页精子活率生育力指数March20,30USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第30页Motilityofspermcellsmaynotbeagoodindicatoroffertilizingabilityofspermcellsstoredforgreaterthan3days!

精子活率可能不是评定保留超出3天精子受精能力理想指标!March20,31USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第31页Changesinmotility,acrosinactivity,andnumberofspermcellsbindingovaacrosstimeforboarsemen(7-dayextender)精子活率、顶体素活性、精子结合和穿过卵子时间改变情况(7天稀释粉)NumberofspermperovaMessage:Usesemenwithin72hoursofcollection!所用精液为72小时内采集!精子采集天数百分率活率顶体率活性精卵结合率每个卵子精子数March20,32USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第32页Motilityofspermcellswithorwithoutcaffeineaddedtoslide(BTSextender)

有或没有咖啡因加入玻片对精子活率影响(BTS稀释粉)Donotusecaffeinetoestimatemotilityofspermcells.不要用咖啡因去评定精子活率.March20,33USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第33页Adoseofsemenshouldhave:

一份精液应该有:Coiledtail卷曲尾巴Proximaldroplet近端原生质滴Distaldroplet远端原生质滴Loosenedacrosome疏松顶体Lessthan15to20%abnormalcells低于15-20%畸形精子Hair-pinshapedtail发夹形尾巴March20,34USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第34页Amonitorisusedtomakea“subjective”evaluationastotherateofabnormalspermcellsintheejaculate.监视器用于采精后评定畸形精子比率.March20,35USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第35页Effectofabnormalcellsonfertilizationrateofova

畸形精子对卵子受精率影响Abnormalsperm,%畸形精子,%64.522.09.3Fertilizationrateofova,%卵子受精率,%15.084.794.9March20,36USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第36页Effectofabnormalcellsonfecundityindex

畸形精子对生育力指数影响生育力指数每份中畸形精子比率March20,37USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第37页Adoseofsemenshouldhave:

一份精液应该有:Rod-shapedbacteria杆状细菌Round-shapedbacteria圆形细菌Anaerobicbacteria厌氧细菌Aerobicbacteria好氧细菌Lownumberofbacteria少许细菌细胞March20,38USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第38页Monitorthetemperatureinasemencooler!监测精液保留箱温度!Coolertemperature:16to17C冷藏箱温度：16-17℃Slowsmotilityofsperm降低精子死亡率Slowsbacterialgrowth减缓细菌生长Temperaturedataloggerplacedinsidecooler放置在冷藏箱中温度统计仪March20,39USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第39页Howmanyviablespermcellsshouldadoseofsemencontain?

一头份精液中应含有多少活精子数?1billion?10亿?2billion?20亿?3billion?30亿?4billion?40亿?5billion?50亿?March20,40USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第40页Effectofnumberofspermcellsinseminatedonnumberofpigsbornalive

授精精子细胞数目对母猪产活仔数影响输入活精子数（十亿）母猪产活仔数种公猪12种公猪97种公猪29March20,41USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第41页Effectofnumberofspermcellsinseminatedonnumberofpigsbornalive

授精精子细胞数目对母猪产活仔数影响输入活精子数（十亿）母猪产活仔数种公猪14种公猪38种公猪78March20,42USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第42页Recommendation

推荐Ifgeneticidentificationofpigletsisnotimportant,pooledsemenshouldbeused.假如不是纯繁,混合精液应被采取.March20,43USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第43页Becarefulwhenplacingmorethan3billionspermcellsinadoseofsemen!

当一头份精液含有30亿精子时,应非常小心!March20,44USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第44页Effectofageofsemenandnumberofspermperinseminationdoseonlittersize(BTSextender)

精液保留时间、每个输精剂量含精子数对窝产仔数影响(BTS稀释粉)Ageofsemen,hrs精液保留时间3billionsperm30亿精子5billionsperm50亿精子0&2410.9aX

11.0aX48&7211.0aX

10.6aX96&12010.2bX9.8bYabDifferentwithincolumn,P<.05XYDifferentwithinrow,P<.05同一列中ab不一样表示差异显著,同一行中XY不一样表示差异显著,P<0.05March20,45USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第45页Long-termextendersshouldbeusedbecausetheyhaveabetterbufferingsystem;plus,theyslowmotilityofspermcells.

长期有效稀释粉应该使用,因为它们有很好缓冲系统,并使精子运动较迟缓.March20,46USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第46页Whichtypeofextendershouldaboarstuduse?

公猪站应该使用哪一类型稀释粉?March20,47USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第47页Basicroleofextenderhasnotchangedsincetheirinception

稀释粉基本功效没有改变Increasetotalvolumeofextendedsemen增加稀释精液体积Provideadequatesupplyofnutrients提供适当营养物质ProvidebuffertoprotectcellsagainstextremepH提供缓冲环境保护精子免受极端pH影响March20,48USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第48页Provideelectrolytesforproperosmoticpressure提供电解质,维持渗透压Protectcellsagainstrapidcooling保持精子免受快速冷冻影响Provideantibioticstocontrolbacteria含抗生素控制细菌生长Basicroleofextenderhasnotchangedsincetheirinception

稀释粉基本功效没有改变March20,49USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第49页Theexactchemicalcompositionofmostoftheextendersmarketedtodayisnotavailabletothepublic.

现在大多数市场出售稀释粉准确化学成份是不公开.

Proprietary(tradesecret)

全部权(商业秘密)March20,50USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第50页ClassificationofExtenders稀释液分类Maintainsviabilityofspermcellsfor:维持精子活力时间:Upto3days3天Upto4days4天Upto5days5天Upto6days6天Upto7days7天Upto10days10天Upto14days14天Usedbycommercialboarstuds商品公猪站使用March20,51USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第51页Factorstoconsiderwhenpurchasingaboarsemenextender

购置公猪精液稀释粉时考虑原因Numberofspermcellsperdose每一头份精子数量Ageofspermcellsattimeofuse精液保留时间Controlofbacteriagrowth细菌生长控制March20,52USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第52页Factorstoconsiderwhenpurchasingaboarsemenextender

购置公猪精液稀释粉时考虑原因Cost成本PRRStestingPRRS检测Characteristicsofcompany企业特点Reliability,HonestyandIntegrity可靠、老实和正直Manufacturingandhandlingpractices生产和经营经验March20,53USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第53页Factorstoconsiderwhenpurchasingaboarsemenextender

购置公猪精液稀释粉时考虑原因Performanceofextender稀释粉效能Maintainingviabilityofspermcells(becareful)维持精子活率（一定小心）Farrowingrate&littersize分娩率和窝产仔数Scientificallysounddatatosubstantiateclaims科学可靠数据证实他们宣称一样March20,54USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第54页Resultsofresearchtrialscanchangeovertime

试验研究结果可随时间而改变Jun–Dec19981998,6-12Jan–Jun19991999,1-6Jan–Jun19981998,1-6xyxxxyxxxAbout1,000matingsforeachextenderduringeachtimeperiod每个稀释粉每个试验期大约配1000头母猪xywithintimeperiod(P<.05)March20,55USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第55页Resultsofresearchtrialscanchangeovertime试验研究结果可随时间而改变Jun–Dec1998Jan–Jun1999Jan–Jun1998xxxxxyxxxAbout1,000matingsforeachextenderduringeachtimeperiod每个稀释粉每个试验期大约配1000头母猪xywithintimeperiod(P<.05)March20,56USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第56页Allsowsinseminatedshouldreceiveviablesemenateachinsemination!

每头母猪每次输精都确保输入精液活率!Averageageofspermcellswhenmajorityofsowsareinseminated?多数母猪输精时精液保留天数?Ageofoldestspermcellsattimeofuse?所用精液保留最长天数?Shouldtypeofextenderbeselectedon:选择稀释粉依据:March20,57USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第57页Someboar’ssemensurvivesbetterwithExtenderXwhereassemenfromotherboarssurvivesbetterwithExtenderY.

一些公猪精液以X稀释液稀释后效果好,而另一些公猪精液以Y稀释液稀释后效果好.March20,58USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第58页Androhepwasthe“best”forBoar43214.Androhep对43214公猪最“好”Best最好March20,59USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第59页Androhepwasthe“worst”forBoar71236.Androhep对71236公猪是最“差”Worst最差March20,60USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第60页Recommendations

推荐Theboarstudshouldkeepasampleofeachbatchofsemenuntilthe“expiration”dateonthedoseshaspassed.公猪站应保留每一批精液样品，直至这批精液过期为止。Spermmotilityofstoredsemensamplesshouldberandomlymonitoreddailyuntiltheexpirationdateonthesamplehaspassed.保留精液活率应天天随时监测，直至这批精液过期为止March20,61USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第61页Recommendations

推荐Ifviabilityofspermcellsisnotadequateacrosstime,adifferenttypeofsemenextendershouldbetried.假如保留后精子活率不理想，不一样类型稀释粉应试试。March20,62USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第62页Ifitisnotbroke,whyfixit?

假如没有坏话，为何去维修它？Ifyouandyourcustomersaresatisfiedwiththeperformanceofyourcurrentextender,isthereanyvalidreasonwhyyouwouldwanttochangeextenders?假如你或者你客户对你当前所用稀释粉满意话，还有任何充分理由更换稀释粉吗？March20,63USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第63页Designingacommercialboarstud

设计一个商品公猪站March20,64USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第64页A60-dayisolationperiodisnormallyused.Whileinisolation,eachanimalisbled3timestomakesuretheypassstricthealthprotocol.60天隔离期通常是需要。在隔离期间，每头公猪要求抽3次血以确保它们经过严格健康检验。Incomingboarisolationfacility引进公猪隔离舍Boarsaretrainedtomountdummysow.公猪调教爬跨台猪SleezerFertilityCenter,Aurelia,IowaMarch20,65USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第65页Buildingdesignandmanagementproceduresinfluence:

猪舍设计及管理影响

Sexualbehaviorofboars 种公猪性行为Efficiencyofmovingboars 驱赶种公猪效率Efficiencyofcollectingsemen 搜集精液效率Productionandoutputofsemen 精液生产和输出Safetyofworkers 工作人员安全March20,66USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第66页Collections/person/hourisdependentondurationof:搜集/人力/时间依赖于：Timetomoveboarstowarm-uparea 将种公猪驱赶到预热（准备）区时间Timeboarsareinwarm-uparea 种公猪在预热（准备）区时间Timetomoveboarsfromwarm-upareatocollectionpen 将种公猪从预热（准备）区移动到采精栏时间March20,67USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第67页Timeboarsareincollectionpenuntiltheyremainmountedandbeginejaculation 种公猪待在采精栏直到它们保持爬跨并开始射精时间Timeforejaculation 射精时间Timeuntilboarsexitcollectionpen 种公猪离开采精栏时间Timetomoveboarsbacktostallorpen 将种公猪赶回喂养栏时间Collections/person/hourisdependentondurationof:搜集/人力/时间依赖于March20,68USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第68页TraditionalCollectionPenDesign

传统采精栏设计March20,69USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第69页种公猪准备栏或厩61cm伸缩门技工区试验室，材料和运输区。实体推拉门,114cm114cm228cm柱子高度,81cm种公猪种公猪种公猪种公猪种公猪种公猪种公猪假猪过道Reicks种公猪喂养场平面图March20,70USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第70页BoarFlow–toWarmupStall

种公猪移动过程−去预热（准备）栏March20,71USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第71页BoarFlow–EnteringWarm-upStall

种公猪移动过程−进入预热（准备）栏March20,72USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第72页BoarFlow–inWarm-upStall

种公猪移动过程−在预热（准备）栏中Boarsurinateanddefecateinwarm-upstall种公猪在预热（准备）栏中排粪排尿March20,73USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第73页BoarFlow–ExitingWarm-upstall

种公猪移动过程−离开预热（准备）栏March20,74USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第74页BoarFlow–EnteringReicksCollectionPen

种公猪移动过程−进入Reicks采精栏March20,75USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第75页BoarFlow–CollectionofSemen

种公猪移动过程−搜集精液March20,76USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第76页BoarFlow–LeavingCollectionPen

种公猪移动过程−离开搜集栏March20,77USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第77页BoarFlow–ReturningtoStall

种公猪移动过程−回到喂养栏March20,78USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第78页Reargateisopenedfromfrontalleywithapush-rod后门能够从前面过道用一个推杆打开Hingeononeside安装在一侧铰链March20,79USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第79页Fulllengthviewofpushrod推杆全图Pushrod推杆March20,80USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第80页AroundpipeisweldedtobottomofU-shapedsteelslideandfunctionsaslatch一个圆形管子被焊接到U形钢滑片底部，其功效类似门闩Makesuregatelatchisdesignedsoitcannotbeopenedbyaboar!门闩经过仔细设计，确保门不会被种猪拱开Roundpipe圆管March20,81USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第81页PushrodisliftedoutofU-shapedslide推杆能够抬高并离开U形滑片Pushrod推杆Solidrod实体杆U-shapedslideU形滑片March20,82USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第82页Pushrodhasopenedreargate;thus,handleofrodisnexttoUclamp(seeredarrow)推杆已经打开了后门；所以，推杆把手正在U形夹旁边（请看红色箭头）March20,83USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第83页Reargatehasbeenopenedfromfrontalley.后门已经被人从前面过道打开了March20,84USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第84页Floor地板3.25“Feedingcylinder饲料筒6.75"6.75"6.75"6.75"6.75"6.75"4.75"4"4.75"4.75"4.75"4.75"4.75"4.75"4.75"Stainlesssteelleg不锈钢支撑腿Stainlesssteelplate不锈钢盘Designedby:D.G.Levis设计者：李维斯April11,1996四月11日，19968".5".75"1"96"44"SideView侧面图Sidepartitionofaboarstall一个种猪喂养栏侧隔栏March20,85USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第85页Warmingcabinetforcollectionequipment放置搜集设备加热（保温）箱March20,86USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第86页Semencollectiondevice

精液搜集装置Plasticsurroundscup塑料围绕杯子Filterisattachedtocollectionbag过滤器连在搜集袋中March20,87USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第87页Collectsemeninahighlysanitarymanner.采精要求较高清洁卫生标准Vinylgloves,non-powdered聚乙烯手套，没有滑石粉March20,88USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第88页SemenProcessingLaboratory

精液处理试验室Maintainahighstandardofhygiene 保持高卫生标准Laboratoryseparatefromboarhousingarea 试验室与种公猪喂养区分开Semenhandcarriedtolaboratory 精液被人工送至试验室Pneumaticsystemdeliverssementolaboratory 使用压缩空气推进传送系统将精液送至试验室March20,89USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第89页Boarhousing/collectionfacility公猪喂养和采精设施Semenprocessingfacility精液处理设施Semenisdeliveredfromthestudtothelaboratorythroughtheuseofanundergroundpneumatictube.精液从公猪站输送到试验室是经过地下气动导管。SleezerFertilityCenter,Aurelia,IowaMarch20,90USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第90页SemenProcessingLaboratory

精液处理试验室Laboratoryconnectedtoboarhousingarea 试验室与种公猪喂养区相连Pass-throughheatedcabinetbetweenthelaboratoryandboararea 在试验室和种公猪喂养区之间有可加热传递箱Pass-throughcabinethasslidingwindowsordoorsoneachside;onlyonesideisopenatsametime 在传递箱每一侧都有滑动窗户或门；在同一时间只有一侧打开March20,91USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第91页SemenProcessingLaboratory

精液处理试验室Physicalstructure物理结构Washablefloor 可冲洗地板Wipe-cleanwalls 可擦洗墙壁Floor-mountedcupboards 落地柜Wall-mountedcupboards 墙壁柜March20,92USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第92页SemenProcessingLaboratory

精液处理试验室Physicalstructure物理结构Washableworksurface 可冲洗工作表面Doublesink 两个洗涤槽Sourceofhotandcoldwater 冷热水源Electricalpowersupplyoneachwall 在每一面墙上都有电源插座March20,93USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第93页SemenProcessingLaboratory

精液处理试验室Laborefficiency工作效率Providealogicalflowofworkandminimizedistancebetweenworkstations 提供合理工作程序，降低工作点之间距离Station1:Semenentry(determinevolume&spermconcentration) 步骤1：精液登记（测量体积和精子浓度）Station2:Semenevaluation(morphologyevaluation) 步骤2：精液评价（形态学评价）March20,94USGrainsCouncilSeminar美国高品质公猪精液生产第94页SemenProcessingLaboratory

精液处理试验室Station3:Semenextension 步骤3：精液稀释Station4:Semendispensingandlabeling 步骤4：精液分装和标识Station5:Stock-pilingsemenincooler 步骤5：将精