全球心理健康英文专家讲座

Globalmentalhealth全球心理健康名字全球心理健康英文专家讲座第1页Goodmoring,ladiesandgentelmen,dearclassmatesandteachers.I’mChenjiahui,I’mYuyiyi.WeareverygladtostandhereandprovideashortspeechaboutGlobalMentalHealth全球心理健康英文专家讲座第2页TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)definesmentalhealthasa'stateofwell-beinginwhicheveryindividualrealizeshisorherownpotential,cancopewiththenormalstressesoflife,canworkproductivelyandfruitfully,andisabletomakeacontributiontoherorhiscommunity'世界卫生组织定义心理健康状态中，每个人能够实现他或她本身潜力，能够应付正常生活压力，能够有成效地工作，并能够使他或她对社会作出贡献。TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)definesmentalhealthasa'stateofwell-beinginwhicheveryindividualrealizeshisorherownpotential,cancopewiththenormalstressesoflife,canworkproductivelyandfruitfully,andisabletomakeacontributiontoherorhiscommunity'世界卫生组织（WHO）定义心理健康“状态中，每个人福祉实现他或她自己潜力，能够应付正常生活压力，工作和成效，并能够使他或她社会贡献2023/4/233全球心理健康英文专家讲座第3页Thetermglobalmentalhealthreferstotheinternationalperspectiveondifferentaspectsofmentalhealth.Ithasbeendefinedas'theareaofstudy,researchandpracticethatplacesapriorityonimprovingmentalhealthandachievingequityinmentalhealthforallpeopleworldwide'.Takingintoaccountculturaldifferencesandcountry-specificconditions,itdealswiththeepidemiologyofmentaldisordersindifferentcountries,theirtreatmentoptions,mentalhealtheducation,politicalandfinancialaspects,thestructureofmentalhealthcaresystems,humanresourcesinmentalhealth,andhumanrightsissuesamongothers“全球精神健康”是指国际视野下不一样方面心理健康。它被定义为“将重点放在改进心理健康和促进全世界人类心里健康情况学习，研究以及实践活动”。考虑到文化差异和各国详细情况，它包括关于不一样国家心理疾病病学研究，治疗方案，心理健康教育，政治及财务方面研究，心理健康治疗系统结构，人力资源方面心理健康，以及人权问题等。全球心理健康英文专家讲座第4页Theoverallaimofthefieldofglobalmentalhealthistostrengthenmentalhealthallovertheworldbyprovidinginformationaboutthementalhealthsituationinallcountries.Identifyingmentalhealthcareneedsinordertodevelopcost-effectiveinterventionstomeetthosespecificneeds全球精神卫生领域总体目标是加强世界各地提供在全部国家心理健康情况信息。明确精神卫生保健需求，以开发含有成本效益干预办法，从而满足这些心理健康特定需求全球心理健康英文专家讲座第5页Theglobalburdenofdisease全球疾病负担Point.全球心理健康英文专家讲座第6页Mental,neurological,andsubstanceusedisordersmakeasubstantialcontributiontotheglobalburdenofdisease(GBD).Thisisaglobalmeasureofso-calleddisability-adjustedlifeyears(DALY's)assignedtoacertaindisease/disorder,whichisasumoftheyearslivedwithdisabilityandyearsoflifelostduetothisdiseasewithinthetotalpopulation.Neuropsychiatricconditionsaccountfor14%oftheglobalburdenofdisease.Amongnon-communicablediseases,theyaccountfor28%oftheDALY's—morethancardiovasculardiseaseorcancer.Howeveritisestimatedthattherealcontributionofmentaldisorderstotheglobalburdenofdiseaseisevenhigher,amongstothersduetocomplexinteractionsandco-morbidityofphysicalandmentalillness精神，神经，和物质使用障碍造成了全球疾病负担中主要一环。这是一个全球性测量关于所谓“残疾调整生命年”，通惯用于某种疾病或者紊乱情况，这是经过计算整体人口中带残年数以及因为这种疾病而失去生命年数。全球在担负疾病痛楚情况中，精神疾病占了14%。在全部非传染性疾病中，精神疾病占了28%DALY（残疾调整生命年），超出了心血管疾病以及癌症。然而，据预计，全球疾病负担精神障碍真正贡献甚至更高，其中包含因为复杂相互作用和合作身体和精神疾病发病率全球心理健康英文专家讲座第7页Aroundtheworld,almostonemillionpeopledieduetosuicideeveryyear,anditisthethirdleadingcauseofdeathamongyoungpeople.Themostimportantcausesofdisabilityduetohealth-relatedconditionsworldwideincludeunipolardepression,alcoholism,schizophrenia,bipolardepressionanddementia.Inlow-andmiddle-incomecountries,theseconditionsrepresentatotalof19.1%ofalldisabilityrelatedtohealthconditions在世界各地，近一百万人每年因自杀而死亡，这是青年人死亡第三大原因。世界各地最主要造成与健康相关残疾原因包含单相抑郁症，酗酒，精神分裂症，双相抑郁症和老年痴呆症。在低收入和中等收入国家，这些情况代表总数19.1％全球心理健康英文专家讲座第8页••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Treatmentgap治疗缺口全球心理健康英文专家讲座第9页Itisestimatedthatoneinfourpeopleintheworldwillbeaffectedbymentalorneurologicaldisordersatsomepointintheirlives.Althoughmanyeffectiveinterventionsforthetreatmentofmentaldisordersareknown,andawarenessoftheneedfortreatmentofpeoplewithmentaldisordershasrisen,theproportionofthosewhoneedmentalhealthcarebutwhodonotreceiveitremainsveryhigh.Thisso-called"treatmentgap"isestimatedtoreachabout76-85%forlow-andmiddle-incomecountries,andeven35-50%forhigh-incomecountries.据预计，世界上四分之一人在他们生命中一段时间会被精神或神经系统疾病所影响。即使许多有效干预办法对治疗精神障碍是需要治疗意识。精神障碍人已经上升，那些人需要精神卫生保健，但不接收治疗百分比依然很高。在低收入和中等收入国家，这种所谓“治疗缺口”预计将到达76-85％左右，即使在高收入国家，缺口也到达了35-50％。全球心理健康英文专家讲座第10页In,theWorldHealthOrganizationestimatedashortageof1.18millionmentalhealthprofessionals,including55,000psychiatrists,628,000nursesinmentalhealthsettings.493,000psychosocialcareprovidersneededtotreatmentaldisordersin144low-andmiddle-incomecountries.TheannualwagebilltoremovethishealthworkforceshortagewasestimatedataboutUS$4.4billion.在，世界卫生组织预计短缺118万精神卫生专业人员，包含55,000名精神科医生和628,000名护士。在144个低收入和中等收入国家，心理障碍治疗需要493,000心理保健提供者。每年为了要填补这么健康劳动力缺口，大约需要支付年工资账单44亿美元。全球心理健康英文专家讲座第11页••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••Interventions干预全球心理健康英文专家讲座第12页Informationandevidenceaboutcost-effectiveinterventionstoprovidebettermentalhealthcareareavailable.Althoughmostoftheresearch(80%)hasbeencarriedoutinhigh-incomecountries,thereisalsostrongevidencefromlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesthatpharmacologicalandpsychosocialinterventionsareeffectivewaystotreatmentaldisorders,withthestrongestevidencefordepression,schizophrenia,bipolardisorderandhazardousalcoholuse.有信息和证据表明，有一些低成本干预办法能够提供更加好心理疾病治疗。即使大部分研究（80％）是在高收入国家进行，也有强有力证据来自低收入和中等收入国家，即药理和心理干预是有效治疗精神疾病方法，有最有力证据能够证实其治疗抑郁症，精神分裂症，双相情感障碍和嗜酒等问题。全球心理健康英文专家讲座第13页RecommendationstostrengthenmentalhealthsystemsaroundtheworldhavebeenfirstmentionedintheWHO'sWorldHealthReport,whichfocusedonmentalhealth:世界各地提议，以加强精神卫生系统已首次提到世界卫生组织“世界卫生汇报”，侧重于心理健康：1.Providetreatmentinprimarycare提供初级保健治疗2.Makepsychotropicdrugsavailable请精神科药品3.Givecareinthecommunity在社会上给予照料4.Educatethepublic公众教育5.Involvecommunities,familiesandconsumers包含小区，家庭和消费者6.Establishnationalpolicies,programsandlegislation建立国家政策，计划和立法7.Develophumanresources开发人力资源8.Linkwithothersectors与其它部门联络9.Monitorcommunitymentalhealth监控小区精神健康10.Supportmoreresearch支持更多研究全球心理健康英文专家讲座第14页Basedonthedataof12countries,assessedbytheWHOAssessmentInstrumentforMentalHealthSystems(WHO-AIMS),accordingtotheWHOrecommendationshavebeentakenintoaccount.Thecostsofscalingupmentalhealthservicesbyprovidingacoretreatmentpackageforschizophrenia,bipolaraffectivedisorder,depressiveepisodesandhazardousalcoholusehavebeenestimated.基于12个国家数据，由世界卫生组织评定精神卫生系统仪器（WHO-AIMS）进行评定，依据世界卫生组织提议，在精神卫生系统结构改变已考虑在内。逐步提升精神卫生服务，包含提供整套关键治疗精神分裂症，双相情感障碍，抑郁发作及嗜酒，所使用成本已经被估算出来。全球心理健康英文专家讲座第15页Nowadays,mentalhealthproblemsofpeoplehaveacquiredworldwideattentionforboththehigh-incomeandlower-mediumincomenations.Millionsofpeopledied,oraredying,becauseofavarietyofmentaldiseases,suchassuicide,ineveryyear.Mo