2019年英语新选修八讲义Unit1SectionⅠWarmingUpReading-Prereading

AmericanIndiansarethenativepeopleintheUnitedStates.TheybelongtomorethanfivehundredIndiantribes部落.Manytribemembersliveonreservations.TheseareareasthattheUnitedStatesgovernmentsetupfornativetribesthathadlosttheirlandstoEuropeansettlers.SomereservationsarelargerthanAmericanstates.TheBureauofIndianAffairssupervisestheseterritories.Tribesonreservationshavelimitedself­rule.Generally，AmericanIndiansdonotenjoythesameeconomicandeducationalsuccessasotherAmericans.TheyearnlessmoneyandhavemoreunemploymentthanotherAmericans.TheyalsohavehigherratesofdiseaseanddieyoungerthanotherAmericangroups.However，theAmericanIndianeconomyhasgrownatthreetimesthenationalratesincethe1980s.SomeoftheimprovementhascomefromexpansionoftheAmericanIndiangamblingindustry.ManyIndiantribeshavelegalizedgamblingontheirreservations.

Section_ⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Pre­reading[原文呈现]CALIFORNIACaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation①.Italsohasthedistinction②ofbeingthemostmulticultural③stateintheUSA,havingattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld④.Thecustomsandlanguagesoftheimmigrants⑤liveon⑥intheirnewhome.ThisdiversityofcultureisnotsurprisingwhenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia⑦.[读文清障]①populationn．人口(数)②distinction/dI'stIŋkʃn/n.差别；区分；卓著③multiculturaladj.多元文化的④现在分词短语havingattractedpeople...作结果状语。⑤immigrant/'ImIɡrənt/n.(从外国移入的)移民⑥liveon继续存在；继续生存⑦when引导的时间状语从句。加利福尼亚[第1段译文]加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，但它是人口最多的州。加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史时，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。NATIVEAMERICANSExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.However,itislikelythat⑧NativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStrait⑨intheArctic⑩toAmericabymeansof⑪alandbridgewhichexistedinprehistoric⑫times⑬.Inthe16thcentury,afterthearrivaloftheEuropeans,thenativepeoplesuffered⑭greatly.Thousandswerekilledorforcedintoslavery.Inaddition⑮，manydiedfrom⑯thediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans⑰.However,somesurvived⑱theseterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericanslivinginCalifornia⑲thaninanyotherstate.,⑧itislikelythat...“很可能……”，该句型中it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。⑨Bering/'beərIŋ/Strait/streIt/白令海峡⑩Arctic/'ɑːktIk/adj.北极的；北极区的theArctic北极⑪bymeansof...用……办法；借助……means/miːnz/n.手段；方法means单复数同形。⑫prehistoric/ˌpriːhI'stɒrIk/adj.史前的⑬which引导的定语从句，修饰“alandbridge”。⑭suffervi.受苦；受难vt.遭受；蒙受⑮inaddition(to)除……之外，加之⑯diefrom死于⑰过去分词短语broughtbytheEuropeans作后置定语，修饰thediseases。⑱survivevt.&vi.活下来，幸免⑲现在分词短语livinginCalifornia作后置定语，修饰NativeAmericans。[第2段译文]美洲土著人最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。然而，可能至少在15000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。科学家们认为这些迁居者是通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。欧洲人在16世纪来到这里后，土著人遭受了极大的苦难，成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死。不过，还是有一些人经历了这些恐怖时期而活下来了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。THESPANISHInthe18thcenturyCaliforniawasruledbySpain.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtooktheirland⑳.Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStateseq\o(○,\s\up1(21)).OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCaliforniaeq\o(○,\s\up1(22))，themajorityeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))werereligiousmen,whoseministryeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))wastoteachtheCatholiceq\o(○,\s\up1(25))religiontothenativeseq\o(○,\s\up1(26)).In1821,thepeopleofMexicogainedtheirindependencefromeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))Spain.CaliforniathenbecamepartofMexico.In1846theUnitedStatesdeclaredwaroneq\o(○,\s\up1(28))Mexico,andafterthewarwonbytheUSAeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))，MexicohadtogiveCaliforniatotheUSA.However,thereisstillastrongSpanishinfluenceinthestate.Thatiswhyeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))todayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.⑳when引导的定语从句，修饰theearly16thcentury。eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))what...是介词of的宾语从句，what在宾语从句中作call的宾语，theUnitedStates作宾补。eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))动词不定式短语togotoCalifornia作后置定语，修饰thefirstSpanish。当名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或only修饰时，其后用todo作定语，不用doing。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))majority/mə'dʒɒrətI/n.大多数；大半(常与the连用，构成themajorityof...)eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))ministry/'mInIstrI/n.(政府的)部；(全体)牧师；牧师的职责eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))Catholic/'kæθəlIk/adj.天主教的n．天主教徒eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))whoseministry...是whose引导的定语从句，修饰religiousmen,whose在从句中作定语，修饰ministry。eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))gainindependencefrom从……获得独立eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))declarewaron对……宣战eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))过去分词短语wonbytheUSA作后置定语，修饰thewar。eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))Thatiswhy...“那就是……的原因”，why后跟结果。Thatisbecause...“那是因为……”，because后跟原因。[第3段译文]西班牙人在18世纪的时候，加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的。西班牙士兵最早是在16世纪初期来到南美洲的，他们同土著人打仗，夺去了他们的土地。两个世纪以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住居民传授天主教。1821年，墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立。加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美国向墨西哥宣战，美国赢得了战争的胜利之后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。但是，这个州仍然保留着很强的西班牙文化的影响。那就是今天超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。RUSSIANSIntheearly1800seq\o(○,\s\up1(31))，Russianhunters,whohadoriginallygonetoAlaskaeq\o(○,\s\up1(32))，begansettlingineq\o(○,\s\up1(33))California.Todaythereareabout25,000Russian­Americanseq\o(○,\s\up1(34))livinginandaroundeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))SanFranciscoeq\o(○,\s\up1(36)).GOLDMINERSIn1848,notlongaftertheAmerican­Mexicanwareq\o(○,\s\up1(37))，goldwasdiscoveredinCalifornia.Thedreamofbecomingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thenearest,andthereforethefirsttoarrive,wereSouthAmericansandpeoplefromtheUnitedStates.Thenadventurerseq\o(○,\s\up1(38))fromEuropeandAsiasoonfollowed.Infact,fewachievedtheirdreamofbecomingrich.Somediedorreturnedhome,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeeq\o(○,\s\up1(39))forthemselvesdespiteeq\o(○,\s\up1(40))greathardshipeq\o(○,\s\up1(41)).Theysettledinthenewtownsoronfarms.BythetimeCaliforniaelectedeq\o(○,\s\up1(42))tobecomethethirty­firstfederaleq\o(○,\s\up1(43))stateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))intheearly1800s在19世纪初eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))Alaska/ə'læskə/n.阿拉斯加(州)eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))settlein定居；安顿；适应eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))Russian­Americann．美籍俄罗斯人eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))inandaround内外，以内及周边eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))SanFrancisco/ˌsænfrɔn'sIskəʊ/n.圣弗朗西斯科(也称旧金山)eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))after,before引导的时间状语(从句)前面可以加上表示时间概念的名词或副词短语，如threedays,notlong,shortly等，表示“在……之后/之前的某个时间段”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))adventurer/əd'ventʃərə/n.冒险家eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))despite/dI'spaIt/prep.尽管；不管eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))hardship/'hɑːdʃIp/n.苦难；困苦eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))elect/I'lekt/vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))federal/'fedərəl/adj.联邦制的；联邦政府的[第4～5段译文]俄罗斯人在19世纪初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。今天，住在圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人约有25000人。金矿工1848年，在美国同墨西哥战争之后不久，在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。发财梦很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人，随后跟着来的有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。事实上很少有人圆了发财梦。许多人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生，在新的城镇或农场里定居下来。到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个联邦州的时候，它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。LATERARRIVALSAlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthebuildingoftheraileq\o(○,\s\up1(44))networkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughteveneq\o(○,\s\up1(45))largernumberstoCaliforniainthe1860s.Today,Chinese­AmericansliveinallpartsofCalifornia,althoughalargepercentageeq\o(○,\s\up1(46))havechosentostayinthe“Chinatowns”ofLosAngeleseq\o(○,\s\up1(47))andSanFranciscoeq\o(○,\s\up1(48)).OtherimmigrantssuchasItalianseq\o(○,\s\up1(49))，mainlyfishermenbutalsowinemakers,arrivedinCaliforniainthelate19thcentury.In1911immigrantsfromDenmarkeq\o(○,\s\up1(50))establishedatownoftheirown,whichtodaystillkeepsupeq\o(○,\s\up1(51))theirDanishcultureeq\o(○,\s\up1(52)).Bythe1920sthefilmindustrywaswellestablishedinHollywoodeq\o(○,\s\up1(53))，California.Theindustryboomeq\o(○,\s\up1(54))attractedEuropeansincludingeq\o(○,\s\up1(55))manyJewishpeople.TodayCaliforniahasthesecondlargestJewishpopulationintheUnitedStates.JapanesefarmersbeganarrivinginCaliforniaatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,andsincethe1980salotmorehavesettledthere.PeoplefromAfricahavebeenlivinginCaliforniasincethe1800s,whentheymovednorthfromMexicoeq\o(○,\s\up1(56)).However,evenmorearrivedbetween1942and1945toworkintheshipandaircrafteq\o(○,\s\up1(57))industries.,eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))rail/reIl/n.铁路；扶手；(护栏的)横条eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))even是程度副词，修饰形容词比较级larger。eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))percentage/pə'sentIdʒ/n.百分比；百分率eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))LosAngeles/lɒs'ændʒəliːs/n.洛杉矶eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))althoughalargepercentage...是although引导的让步状语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(49))Italian/I'tælIən/n.意大利人；意大利语adj.意大利人的；意大利语的Italy/'ItəlI/n．意大利eq\o(○,\s\up1(50))Denmark/'denmɑːk/n.丹麦(北欧国家)eq\o(○,\s\up1(51))keepup坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)eq\o(○,\s\up1(52))whichtodaystill...是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰atownoftheirown。eq\o(○,\s\up1(53))Hollywood/'hɒlIwʊd/n．好莱坞；美国电影业eq\o(○,\s\up1(54))boom/buːm/n.(人口、贸易的)繁荣vi.处于经济迅速发展时期eq\o(○,\s\up1(55))includingprep.包括eq\o(○,\s\up1(56))PeoplefromAfricahavebeenliving...when...fromMexico.是主从复合句，主句用了现在完成进行时havebeenliving，从句是when引导的定语从句，修饰the1800s。eq\o(○,\s\up1(57))aircraft/'eəkrɑːft/n.飞行器；航空器；飞机[第6～8段译文]后来的移民虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到了，但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。今天，加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人居住，尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)的“唐人街”里。19世纪后期，其他国家的移民，比如意大利人来到加利福尼亚，他们主要是渔民，但也有些是制酒工人。1911年，丹麦移民建立了自己的城镇，至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。20世纪20年代，电影业在加州的好莱坞建立了起来。这个新兴的行业吸引了欧洲人，包括许多犹太人。今天，加利福尼亚的犹太人口在美国占第二位。日本农民是在20世纪初期开始到加利福尼亚来的，而从20世纪80年代以来有更多的日本人在加利福尼亚定居了。非洲人从19世纪就在加利福尼亚住下来，他们是从墨西哥向北迁来的。然而，更多的非洲人是在1942年至1945年期间来到加利福尼亚的，当时他们是到船厂和飞机厂工作的。MOSTRECENTARRIVALSInmorerecentdecades,Californiahasbecomehometoeq\o(○,\s\up1(58))morepeoplefromAsia,includingKoreanseq\o(○,\s\up1(59))，Cambodianseq\o(○,\s\up1(60))，VietnameseandLaotians.Sinceitsbeginninginthe1970s,thecomputerindustryhasattractedIndiansandPakistaniseq\o(○,\s\up1(61))toCalifornia.THEFUTUREPeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld,attractedbytheclimateandthelifestyleeq\o(○,\s\up1(62))，stillimmigrateeq\o(○,\s\up1(63))toCalifornia.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialeq\o(○,\s\up1(64))orculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.,eq\o(○,\s\up1(58))hometo……的发源地；……的所在地eq\o(○,\s\up1(59))Korean/kə'rIən/n.韩国/朝鲜人；朝鲜/韩语adj.韩国(人/语)的；朝鲜(人/语)的Korea/kə'rIə/n．韩国；朝鲜eq\o(○,\s\up1(60))Cambodian/ˌkæm'bəʊdIən/n.柬埔寨人；柬埔寨语eq\o(○,\s\up1(61))Pakistani/ˌpɑːkI'stɑːnI/adj.巴基斯坦(人)的n．巴基斯坦人eq\o(○,\s\up1(62))过去分词短语attractedby...作原因状语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(63))immigrate/'ImIɡreIt/vi.移入(外国定居)eq\o(○,\s\up1(64))racial/'reIʃl/adj.人种的；种族的[第9～10段译文]最近期的移民在最近的几十年里，加利福尼亚成了更多亚洲人的家，包括朝鲜人、柬埔寨人、越南人和老挝人。从20世纪70年代开始发展计算机工业以来，加利福尼亚又吸引了印度人和巴基斯坦人的到来。未来展望世界各地的人，由于受气候条件和生活方式的吸引，仍然在继续迁入加利福尼亚。人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。Pre­readingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．distinctA．thelargestpartofagroupofpeopleorthings2．means B．tochoosetodosth.3．majorityC．aperiodofwealthandsuccess4．hardship D．relatingtothecentralgovernmentofacountrysuchasUS5．electE．awayofdoingsth.6．federalF．relatingtotherelationshipsbetweendifferentracesofpeople7．boomG．easilyorclearlyheard,seen,ect.8．racialH．asituationthatisdifficult答案：1～5GEAHB6～8DCFLead­inHowmuchdoyouknowaboutCalifornia?HaveadiscussioninyourgroupandthendothefollowinggeneralknowledgequizzesaboutCalifornia.1．Californiaisthe________largeststateintheUSA.A．third B．secondC．fourth D．fifth2．California,astateinthewesternUSA,borders________.A．thePacificOcean B．theIndianOceanC．theAtlanticOcean D．theArcticOcean3．________isCalifornia'slargestandthenation'ssecondlargestcity.A．Sacramento B．LosAngelesC．SanDiego D．SanFrancisco4．California'sofficialnicknameisthe________.A．SunflowerState B．GoldenStateC．LandofOpportunity D．EvergreenState5．________hasthelargestpopulationintheUSA.A．California B．AlaskaC．Washington D．Texas6．CaliforniaenteredtheUnionin1850,asthe________state.A．thirtieth B．thirty­eighthC．thirty­second D．thirty­first答案：1～6AABBADWhile­readingFast­reading1.Dividethepassageintothreepartsandthenmatchthemainideawitheachpart.(1)Part1(Para.1)A．ThehistoryofsettlementinCalifornia.(2)Part2(Paras.2～9) B．ThefutureofCalifornia.(3)Part3(Para.10)C．BriefintroductiontoCalifornia.答案：(1)～(3)CAB2．What'sthetopicofthistext?A．TheCultureofCalifornia.B．TheHistoryandCultureofCalifornia.C．TheWeatherofCalifornia.D．TheHistoryoftheUSA.答案：BCareful­readingReadthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．ManyCaliforniansspeakSpanishbecause______.A．thestatewasonceruledbySpainB．thesepeoplecamefromSpainC．theythinktheSpanishlanguageisbeautifulD．religiousmentaughtthemtheSpanishlanguage2．What'sthemainreasonwhyChineseimmigrantscametoCalifornia?A．Forgold.B．Forthebuildingoftherailnetwork.C．Toopenrestaurants.D．Toliveinthe“Chinatowns”．3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．MostpeopledidnotbecomerichbutsettledinCalifornia.B．Mostpeoplediedinthegoldrush.C．ThefirsttoarriveinCaliforniaforgoldwereAsians.D．Allthepeoplebecamerichinthegoldrush.4．WheredoChinese­Americanslive?A．TheyliveinallpartsofCalifornia.B．Theyonlyliveinthe“Chinatowns”ofLosAngeles.C．TheyonlyliveinSanFrancisco.D．TheyliveinCaliforniaaswellasinLosAngelesandSanFrancisco.5．Itcanbeinferredthat______.A．EuropeanandJewishpeoplecametomakefilmsinHollywood,CaliforniaB．peoplefromMexicocametoworkintheshipandaircraftindustriesC．IndiansandPakistanisaregoodatmakingcomputersD．therewillbemoreracialorculturalgroupsbecausemorepeoplearearrivinginCalifornia答案：1～5ABAADStudy­readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.[句式分析]本句采用了宾语从句提前的形式。正常的语序应该是：NoonereallyknowsexactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia.其中what在句子中引导了一个宾语从句，作介词in的宾语。[尝试翻译]最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。2．OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.[句式分析][尝试翻译]在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住居民传授天主教。3．AlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughtevenlargernumberstoCaliforniainthe1860s.[句式分析][尝试翻译]虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到了，但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。4．Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.[句式分析]Itisbelievedthat...意为“据认为……”，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语，在这个主语从句中so...that引导结果状语从句。[尝试翻译]人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种明显主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。Ⅰ.阅读理解ATheUnitedStatesofAmericaisthemostculturallydiversecountryintheworldintermsofculture,religion,ethnicityandsexualorientation.Asacombinationofvariousracesandcultures,Americaishometoall.TheculturehereissouniquethatcitizenscanbejustasproudoftheiroriginalculturalheritageastheyaretobeAmericans.WhatisnowtheUSwasinitiallyinhabitedbynativepeopleuntilthelandwassettledbyvariousEuropeangroupsandAfricanslaves.Sincethe20thcentury,thecountryhasbecomeaheavenforpeoplefromallovertheglobe.Thearrivalofimmigrantshasshiftedpopulationsfromruralareasintocitiesbecauseimmigrantstendtosettleinurbanareas.Atpresent,81percentoftheinhabitantsintheUSliveincities.Culturalandethnicdiversityaddsauniqueflavortocitiesthatisexpressedthroughdistinctneighborhoods,restaurants,placesofworship,museums,nightlifeandmulticulturallearningenvironments.Uniquemusicalforms,suchasjazz,rockandroll,Chicanomusic,andtheblues,growintheUSbymixingavarietyofculturallydistinctmusicaltraditionstocreateanewform.Attheexecutive(行政的)level,thecountryisheadedbyamixed­racepresident;twopostsontheSupremeCourtareheldbymembersofthecountry'stwolargestminorities.Thereisalsodiversityinstateandlocalgovernments.Withoutitsrichmixtureofracesandcultures,Americawouldnotbethenationthatitistoday.Foundeduponthebasisofequalityandfreedom,Americaactsasastagewheredifferentculturesnotonlyco­existpeacefully,butdevelopwell.eq\x(语篇解读：本文介绍了多元化给美国带来的一些影响。)1．What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．TheEffectsofCultureandDiversityonAmericaB．TheInfluenceofGlobalizationonAmericaC．ThePoliticalDevelopmentofAmericaD．TheBrightFutureofAmerica解析：选A标题归纳题。通读全文，主要介绍了多元化在各个方面对美国的影响。2．Accordingtothepassage,Americaisacountry________.A．thatwelcomespeoplefromallovertheworldB．wherecitizenstakemoreprideintheiroriginalcultureC．thatismostlysettledbyEuropeansandAfricansD．where81%ofthepopulationareimmigrants解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段的“Sincethe20thcentury,thecountryhasbecomeaheavenforpeoplefromallovertheglobe.”可知应选A。3．WheredidmostpeoplelivebeforemanyimmigrantscametoAmerica?A．Intheurbanareas.B．Intheruralareas.C．InthesouthernpartofAmerica.D．InthenorthernpartofAmerica.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thearrivalofimmigrantshasshiftedpopulationsfromruralareasintocitiesbecauseimmigrantstendtosettleinurbanareas.”可知，大量移民涌入美国之前，他们大多居住在乡下。4．Wecanlearnfromthesixthparagraphthat________.A．diversityhasexistedinAmericainalmosteveryaspectB．mostpostsinAmericastategovernmentsarehelpbymixed­racepeopleC．equalityandfreedommakeAmericaafaircountryD．diversityhasgreatlyaffectedtheAmericanpoliticalfield解析：选D推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知，多元化对美国的政治领域有很大影响。BTheLouvre,inParis,France,hasalmost275,000worksofart.Itcontainssomeofthemostfamousworksofartinthehistoryoftheworld,includingtheMonaLisabyLeonardodaVinci.TheLouvrewasoriginallyafort(astrongbuildingusedbysoldiersfordefendingaplace)builtbyKingPhilipⅡsometimearoundAD1200.Inthe1300s,itbecamearoyalhouseforCharlesⅤ，whohaditrenovated(翻新).Whilehedidhavehisowncollectionofartthere,everythingdisappearedwhenhedied.Thisimpressivebuildingremainedemptyuntil1527,whenFrancoisⅠdecidedthathewanteditforhisprivatepalace.FrancoisⅠwasacollectorofearlyItalianRenaissanceartatthetime,andalreadyownedtheMonaLisa.However,hewouldnotmoveintotheLouvreuntilitwascompletelyrenovatedandmadeevenmoresplendidthanithadbeenduringtheruleofCharlesⅤ.Unfortunately,FrancoisⅠdiedbeforetheworkwascompleted,buttheworkcontinueduntilthedeathoftheheadarchitect.Afterwards,severalgenerationsofFrenchroyaltylivedinthepalaceuntilLouis，thelastoftheFrenchrulerstocalltheLouvrehome,leftin1682.TheLouvre,however,wasfarfromabandoned.Forabout30yearsafterLouis'sdeathin1715,theLouvrebecamethehomeofartistsandscholars.Itsartcollectiongrewfromabout200paintingsin1643toabout2,500worksofartin1715.Itwasacenterofcreativity,untilthepublicbegantobeadmittedin1793.ThroughouttheFrenchRevolutionandtheyearsruledbyNapoleonⅠ，theartcollectionintheLouvregrewgreatly.NapoleonrobbedartfromallovertheworldandaddedittotheLouvre'scollection.AfterNapoleon'sdeathin1821,theoriginalownersreclaimed(要求归还)muchoftherobbedartwork.Overthelast100years,artcollegeshavebeensetupattheLouvre,andithasbecomeoneofthelargestmuseumsintheworld.eq\x(语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了法国卢浮宫悠久而不同寻常的历史。)5．WhatdowelearnabouttheLouvre?A．Itbecameanartcollegein1821.B．Itwasfirstconstructedasaroyalhouse.C．Itwasabandonedinthefourteenthcentury.D．Itbecameameetingplaceforcultureafter1715.解析：选D细节理解题。由第四段中的“Forabout30yearsafterLouis'sdeathin1715,theLouvrebecamethehomeofartistsandscholars.”可知，在1715年之后，卢浮宫一度成为文艺人士的集会地点。6．Accordingtothetext,FrancoisⅠ________.A．hadneverlivedintheLouvreB．ledasimplelifeduringhislifeC．lostallhiscollectiononhisdeathD．receivedallartworkfromCharlesⅤ解析：选A推理判断题。由第三段中的“However,hewouldnot...theruleofCharlesⅤ.”和第四段中的“Unfortunately,FrancoisⅠdied...theheadarchitect.”可知，法兰西斯一世没有在卢浮宫里住过。7．WhobroughtthehugeincreaseintheamountofartworkintheLouvre?A．CharlesⅤ. B．FrancoisⅠ.C．NapoleonⅠ. D．Louis．解析：选C细节理解题。由第五段中的“ThroughouttheFrenchRevolutionandtheyearsruledbyNapoleonⅠ，theartcollectionintheLouvregrewgreatly.”可知，拿破仑一世让卢浮宫的藏品数量巨幅增长。CWhenIwentawaytocollege,Ichosetogotoalargeschoolinanotherstateinanattempttoneveragainseethosepopulargirls,theoneswhodrovequietgirlslikemeheadlongintothearmsofdustybooks.SinceIdidn'tknowasoulatthisuniversity,Ivolunteeredforaclubtomakefriends.That'showIendeduponewintereveningstandingoutsidethestudentunion,waitingforthenight'sfamousspeakertodriveup.Myassignmentwastoescort(护送)hertotheauditoriumwhereherfanseagerlywaitedtohearMayaAngelou,authorofIKnowWhytheCagedBirdSings.Asshowtimeneared,Angelou'scarpulledup.Whenitsdooropened,Angelouandafemalefriendexited,eachwearinghead­to­toefurcoats.Inervouslyguidedthepairinside.Angelouwasreadytosweeponstage,butfirst,therewasherfurcoat.Iofferedtobabysititbackstagetomakesureitwassafe.“No，”shesaid.Shelookedoutattheaudience.“Youneedtogetoutthereandlive.”SoIfoundafront­rowseatandheard,forthefirsttime,abookcomealiveinanauthor'sownvoice.Theaudienceclappedandcheeredastheywentalongontherideofthisperformance.IwishIcouldsaythatmylifechangedthen.Butoutofcollege,Iwentdeeperintomyinteriorself,takingajobthatrequiredlittlehumancontact.Afewyearslater,Ibecameanewspapereditor,whichrequiredtalkingtomanypeople.Forthosetimes,Idependedonindex(索引)cards.ButIremindedmyselfthatAngelouhadn'tusednotes.Today,I'minmy50s.IamspeakingcomfortablyaboutwhatIreallyknowtobetrue.Igetouttherenowandlive.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了一位作家所说的话和表演对自己的深远影响。8．Whatkindofpersondidtheauthorusetobe?A．Brave. B．Kind.C．Careless. D．Shy.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第一段的“neveragainseethosepopulargirls,theoneswhodrovequietgirlslikeme”可推测，作者应该是个比较腼腆的女孩。9．Soonaftergraduatingfromcollege,theauthor________.A．foundajobasanewspapereditorB．