2019年英语新选修八讲义Unit2SectionⅣLearningaboutLanguageUsingLanguage

Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language[原文呈现]THERETURNOFTHEDINOSAURS?Thepossibilityofcloningfierceandextinct①wildanimals②hasalwaysexcitedfilmmakers.Andtheyarenottheonlyones!Thepopularity③offilmssuchas④JurassicPark⑤，inwhichascientistclonesseveralkindsof⑥extinctdinosaurs,proveshowtheideastruck⑦amixtureoffearandexcitementintopeople'shearts⑧.Butinfactwearealongwayfrombeingabletocloneextinctanimals.Scientistsarestillexperimentingwith⑨cloningmammals.Thisisbecause⑩thecloningofmammalsisstillanewscienceanditsstoryonlybeganseriouslyinthe1950sasthislistshows⑪：1950scloningoffrogs1970sresearchusingtheembryosofmice⑫1979workonembryosofsheepandmice1981firstexperimentalclonesofmice1983firstexperimentalclonesofcows1996firstcloneofamammal:Dollythesheep⑬2000cowgavebirthtoabison⑭2001China'sfirstclonedtwincalves⑮2002firstclonedcats2005firstcloneddog...[读文清障]①extinctadj.灭绝的；消亡的②介词短语ofcloning...作定语，修饰Thepossibility。③popularity/ˌpɒpjʊ'lærətI/n.受人喜爱；流行④suchas例如⑤Jurassic/dʒʊə'ræsIk/Park《侏罗纪公园》(美国电影名)⑥severalkindsof几种⑦strike/straIk/vt.&vi.(struck,struck)打；撞击；罢工n.罢工oone'sheart使……刻骨铭心⑧该句主干是Thepopularityoffilmsproveshow...其中inwhich引导非限制性定语从句，修饰JurassicPark。how引导宾语从句，作proves的宾语。⑨experimentwith用……做实验⑩Thisisbecause...这是因为……，because后接表原因的句子，在此是表语从句。⑪asthislistshows是as引导的方式状语从句。⑫现在分词短语usingtheembryosofmice作定语，修饰research。⑬Dollythesheep多莉羊⑭bison/'baIsn/n.北美或欧洲野牛⑮calf/kɑːf/n.小牛；牛犊恐龙的回归？[第1段译文]克隆凶猛和灭绝的野生动物的可能性一直使电影制片商感到兴奋。然而他们并不是唯一对此感到兴奋的人！在《侏罗纪公园》这部影片中，有一位科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙。类似这样的电影很受欢迎，证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。但事实上，要想克隆绝种动物，我们还有很长的路要走。科学家们现在还在进行克隆哺乳动物实验。这是因为克隆哺乳动物仍然还是一门新的科学，它是从20世纪50年代才开始认真进行研究的，如下列所示：20世纪50年代：克隆青蛙20世纪70年代：用老鼠胚胎进行研究1979年：对羊和老鼠的胚胎进行研究1981年：首次对老鼠进行实验性的克隆1983年：首次对奶牛进行实验性的克隆1996年：首次克隆哺乳动物(多莉羊)2000年：奶牛生野牛2001年：中国首次克隆出双胞胎小牛2002年：首次克隆猫2005年：首次克隆狗……Fromtimetotime⑯peoplesuggestthatextinctanimalslikedinosaurs,canpossiblybebroughtbacktolife⑰throughcloning.Unfortunately,withwhatweknownow,thisiseitherimpossibleor⑱unsuitable.Therearemanyreasons.•Theinitial⑲requirementisthatyouneedperfectDNA⑳(whichgivesinformationforhowcellsaretogrow)eq\o(○,\s\up1(21)).•Alleffortsofcloningananimalwillbeinvaineq\o(○,\s\up1(22))ifthereisnotenoughdiversityeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))inthegrouptoovercomeeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))illnesses.Diversityinagroupmeanshavingeq\o(○,\s\up1(25))animalswiththeirgenesarrangedindifferentwayseq\o(○,\s\up1(26)).Theadvantageisthatifeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))thereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie,butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresisteq\o(○,\s\up1(28))thatdiseasetoeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))thenextgeneration.Thegreatdrawbackeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))tocloningagroupofanimalsisthattheywouldallhavethesamearrangementofgenesandsomightdieofeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))thesameillness.Thennoneofthemwouldbelefttocontinuethespecies.•Itwouldbeunfairtocloneanyextinctanimalsiftheyweretoliveinazooeq\o(○,\s\up1(32)).Asuitablehabitatwouldbeneededforthemtoleadanaturallifeeq\o(○,\s\up1(33)).⑯fromtimetotime(相当于sometimes,notveryoften)不时；偶尔⑰bringbacktolife使复生；使复活⑱either...or...或者……或者……；要么……要么……(连接并列结构)⑲initial/I'nIʃl/adj.最初的；开始的⑳DNA脱氧核糖核酸eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))that引导表语从句，which引导定语从句，修饰DNA。eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))invain白费力气；枉费心机vain/vein/adj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))diversityn．差异(性)；不同(点)；多样化eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))overcomev．战胜；克服eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))meandoingsth.意味着做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))withtheir...是with的复合结构，genes与arrange之间为被动关系。eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))Theadvantageisthatif...,that引导表语从句，在表语从句中包含if引导的条件状语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))resist/rI'zIst/vt.抵抗；对抗eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))passon...to...把……传给……；把……转交给……eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))drawback/'drɔːbæk/n.缺点；不利条件(常与of/to搭配)eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))dieof死于(疾病、衰老等自身原因)eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))Itwouldbe...iftheyweretolive...用了与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))leadanaturallife过正常的野生生活[第2段译文]不时地会有人提议，克隆技术将有可能使地球上已经灭绝的动物(如恐龙)复活。不幸的是，据我们现在所知这是不可能的，也是不合适的。其原因有很多：•首先要求你有完好的DNA(它提供有关细胞将如何生长的信息)。•如果某个动物群体没有足够的多样性以战胜疾病，那么克隆这种动物的所有努力都将是无用的。种群多样性是指种群中动物的基因以不同的方式排列。其优点是，如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死去，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。经过克隆的动物群体的最大缺点是：它们的基因排列有可能完全相同，因而它们有可能会死于同一种疾病。这样它们可能一个也留不下来传宗接代了。•你如果克隆出任何绝种动物，而它们必须生活在动物园里，那是不公平的。它们需要适当的栖息地过正常的野生生活。Basedonwhatweknownoweq\o(○,\s\up1(34))，youcannotcloneanimalsthathavebeenextinctlongerthan10,000years.Actually,dinosaursdisappeared65,000,000yearsago.Sothechanceofdinosaurseverreturningtotheeartheq\o(○,\s\up1(35))ismerelyeq\o(○,\s\up1(36))adream.,eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))过去分词短语Basedonwhatweknownow作状语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))dinosaurseverreturningtotheearth是动名词的复合结构，置于of之后，构成of短语，作thechance的定语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))merely/'mIəlI/adv.仅；只；不过(相当于only)[第3段译文]就我们现在所知道的而言，不可能克隆那些已经绝种了一万年以上的动物。事实上恐龙在6500万年以前就已经消失了。所以说恐龙回归地球的可能性仅仅是个梦想罢了。Step1Readthetextcarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．What'sthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?To_explain_the_impossibility_of_cloning_dinosaurs.2．What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardscloningdinosaurs?Negative.3．Whycan'tyouclonetheDNAofanimalsthathavebeenextinctlongerthan10,000years?The_DNA_of_animals_more_than_10,000_years_old_is_not_suitable_for_cloning,_for_it_can't_survive_so_long.Step2Readthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．ThefilmJurassicParkispopularbecause________.A．peopleareinterestedinthesubjectofcloningfierceandextinctwildanimalsB．alltheactorsaredinosaursC．itwasdirectedbyascientistwhocloneddinosaursD．itprovesveryinteresting2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Frogswereclonedin1981.B．Dollythesheepwasthefirstclonedanimal.C．Thenameoftheclonedcowis“Bison”．D．Chinawassuccessfulincloningmammals.3．ThereasonswhyagroupofclonedanimalsalldieofthesameillnessdoNOTinclude________.A．theyhavethesamearrangementofgenesB．thereisnotenoughdiversityinthegrouptoovercometheillnessC．theillnessisanewoneD．theirarrangementofgenescannotresistthatnewdisease4．Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________.A．scientistsareexperimentingwithcloningdinosaursB．dinosaurswillneverreturntotheearthC．clonedanimalswillonlyliveinthezooD．theDNAofdinosaurscanonlysurvive10,000years5．Thetextmainlytellsusaboutthe________ofcloningextinctanimals.A．possibility B．methodsC．examples D．importance答案：1～5ADCBA一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.compulsoryadj.必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的2.owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……3.shortlyadv.立刻；不久4.retirevi.退休；离开5.bothervt.打扰vi.操心n.烦扰6.regulationn.规则；规章；法规7.strikevi.&vt.打；撞击；罢工n.罢工8.drawbackn.缺点；不利条件9.unableadj.不能的；不会的10.hatchvt.&vi.孵出；孵卵；孵化Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.assumptionn．假定；设想→assumev．假定；设想2.resistvt.抵抗；对抗；耐得住→resistancen．抵抗；对抗→resistantadj.抵抗的；对抗的3.merelyadv.仅；只；不过→mereadj.仅仅的；纯粹的4.decorationn．装饰→decoratevt.装饰5.adorevt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱→adorationn．热爱；敬慕；爱慕；崇拜→adorableadj.可爱的；讨人喜欢的6.reasonableadj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→reasonn．理由；道理1.含­sist的常用词①insistv．坚持②assistv.协助③assistantn.助手④consistvi.由……组成⑤persistv.坚持2.­ance结尾的名词荟萃①acquaintance熟人；相识的人②assistance援助；协助③performance表演；演奏④resistance抵抗；对抗⑤reliance信赖；依赖⑥guidance指导①assume→assumption假定；设想②describe→description描述③explain→explanation解释④pronounce→pronunciation发音4.drawbackn．缺点；不利条件[同义]shortcoming,objection,obstacle，handicap,failing,fault,disadvantage二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.(be)_bound_to_(do)__．..一定或注定(做)……2．strike_..._into_one's_heart使……刻骨铭心3．from_time_to_time不时；偶尔4．bring_back_to_life使复生；使复活5．in_vain白费力气；枉费心机6．(be)_in_good/poor_condition情况/状况很好(坏)1.amixtureoffearandexcitement既兴奋又恐惧2．theinitialrequirement最基本的要求3．enoughdiversity足够的多样性4．resistthatdisease免疫力5．thechanceof...……的可能性6．merelyadream仅仅是个梦想三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone？它死得早是因为它是克隆羊吗？形容词young在句中作状语，表示主语的状态。Thechildrenrushedtothefront,excited.孩子们激动地跑到了前面。2.Diversityinagroupmeanshavinganimalswiththeirgenesarrangedindifferentways.种群多样性是指种群中动物的基因以不同的方式排列。with的复合结构在句中作后置定语。Shesentmeanemailwith_many_pictures_taken_in_America.她给我发了一封邮件，里面有很多她在美国拍的照片。3.Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie,butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.其优点是，如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死去，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。句中that引导表语从句。My_suggestion_is_thatifitrainstomorrowwehadbettergotothelibrary.我的建议是：如果明天下雨，我们最好去图书馆。4.Basedonwhatweknownow,youcannotcloneanimalsthathavebeenextinctlongerthan10,000years.就我们现在所知道的而言，不可能克隆那些已经绝种了一万年以上的动物。过去分词短语在句中作状语。Encouraged_by_him,_I'vedecidedtostudyhard.在他的鼓励下我决定努力学习。1．(教材P13)Youowetheladyanapology.你应该向这位女士道歉。owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢(1)owesb.anapology 该向某人道歉owesb.afavour 欠某人一个人情owesb.sth.(＝owesth.tosb.) 欠某人某物(2)owe...to... 把……归功于……oweittosb.that... ……归功于某人(3)owingto 因为，由于①Thanksforstickingupforme,Ioweyouafavour.谢谢你支持我，我欠你一个人情。②ImustsayIowealltheachievementstotheencouragementandhelpfrommycolleaguesandfriends.我必须说我的所有成就都应归功于我同事和朋友们的鼓励和帮助。③IoweittothedoctorthatIamstillalive.我仍然活着，这要归功于那位医生。④Owing_tohisabsence,wehadtoputofftheclassmeetingtillnextweek.由于他不在，我们只好将班会推迟到下个星期。2．(教材P14)However,theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.然而，之后它患上了严重肺病的问题困扰着科学家们。bother(1)vt.打扰vi.操心bothersb.with/aboutsth. 因某事打扰或麻烦某人bothertodosth. 操心做某事Itbotherssb.that/todosth. 使某人苦恼的是……①I'msorrytobotheryouwithsomanyquestionsonsuchanoccasion.在这样的时刻，我很抱歉用这么多问题来打扰你。②Youdon'tbotherto_get(get)dinnerformetoday,I'lleatout.今天不用特意为我准备饭了，我要在外边吃。(2)n.烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人putsb.tobother 给某人添乱getintoabother 陷入麻烦lookforbother 找麻烦③Heisreallyabother,forheisalwaysputtingotherstobother.他确实是个令人讨厌的人，总是给别人添堵。④Don'tget_intosucha_botheraboutsmallmatters.不要为这些小事陷入麻烦。[名师点津]bother作“麻烦；困难”讲时，是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事物”“讨厌的人”讲时，是单数可数名词。3．(教材P14)Dolly'sdeath,likeherbirth,wasboundtoraiseworries.多莉之死，正如它的出世一样，注定要带来焦虑。beboundto...一定或注定(做)……①Evenwhenwalkinginthecompanyoftwoothermen,Iamboundtolearnfromthem.三人行，必有我师。②Solongasweholdfasttoouridealsandnevergiveup,weareboundto_achieve(achieve)success.只要我们坚持梦想、永不放弃，我们一定会取得成功。4．(教材P15)ThepopularityoffilmssuchasJurassicPark,inwhichascientistclonesseveralkindsofextinctdinosaurs,proveshowtheideastruckamixtureoffearandexcitementintopeople'shearts.在《侏罗纪公园》这部影片中，有一位科学家克隆了好几种不同的绝种恐龙。类似这样的电影很受欢迎，证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。strikevt.&vi.(struck，struck)打；撞击；罢工；打动；迷住；突然想起；袭击；报时n.罢工形象记忆写出下列句中strike的含义①ThevisitorswerestruckbythebeautyoftheWestLake.迷住②Thatareawasstruckbyasnowstorm.袭击③Whentheclockstrikessix,thechildrengohomefordinner.报时④Theywereonstrikeforhigherpays.罢工⑤Thiscombinationofhealingmyselfandhealingtheworldstruckmeastheperfectsolution.(2017·天津高考)突然想起(1)oone'sheart 使……刻骨铭心bestruckby... 被……打动eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth.strikessb.,Itstrikessb.that/wh­...)) 某人突然想起……(2)be/goonstrike 举行罢工⑥Staffatthehospitalwent_on_striketoprotestagainsttheincident.医院员工举行罢工，以抗议这起事件。⑦Itstruckmethattherewasnooneathome.我突然想起家中没有人。5．(教材P15)Fromtimetotimepeoplesuggestthatextinctanimalslikedinosaurs,canpossiblybebroughtbacktolifethroughcloning.不时地会有人提议，克隆技术将有可能使地球上已经灭绝的动物(如恐龙)复活。bring...backtolife使复生；使复活live/leada(n)...life 过着……生活bringsb./sth.tolife 使更有趣；使更生动cometolife 苏醒过来；(变得)活跃changeone'slife 改变某人的生活sacrificeone'slifefor 为……献出了生命savesb.'slife 救某人的命loseone'slife 丧生①Thegirlguidewasbroughtbacktolifeatlastbutnothingcanbringthedriverbacktolife.这位女导游最后苏醒了过来，但什么也不能使司机复活。②ThenewteacherreallybroughtFrenchto_lifeforus.新来的老师给我们把法语教得生动活泼。③Thematchfinallycame_to_lifeinthesecondhalf.比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。6．(教材P15)．..butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.……而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。resistvt.抵抗；对抗；耐得住(1)resistdoingsth. 抵制做某事can'tresist/helpdoingsth. 情不自禁做某事(2)resistancen. 抗拒；反对resistantadj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的beresistantto 对……有抵抗力①Iknowitistimeformetosetouttodomyhomework,butIjustcan'tresistplayingcomputergames.我知道是开始做作业的时候了，但我就是忍不住地玩电脑游戏。②Astheysuppose,therehasbeenalotofresistance(resist)tothisplan.正如他们所料想的，反对这个计划的人很多。③Somegovernmentofficialsweren'tresistanttothetemptationofmoney,andwerepunishedbylawintheend.一些政府官员抵制不住金钱的诱惑，最后受到了法律的制裁。7．(教材P17)ThedodobecameextinctfairlyrecentlysoitsDNAisstillingoodcondition.渡渡鸟刚刚灭绝，因此它的DNA的状况良好。ingood/poorcondition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)outofcondition 健康状况欠佳working/living/studyingconditions 工作/生活/学习环境onconditionthat... 在……条件下；倘若……on/undernocondition 一点也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序)①Thecarhasbeenwellmaintainedandisingoodcondition.这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。②WhatIwantyoutorealizeisthateverybodyislikelytobein_poor_condition.我想让你意识到的是每个人都可能有状况不好的时候。③Youcankeepthebooksforabout3weekson_condition_thatyoupreservethemwell.这些书你可以借三个星期，条件是你必须好好保存。④On/Under_no_conditionshouldyoutellthemwhathappened.你无论如何都不能告诉他们发生了什么。1．Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?它死得早是因为它是克隆羊吗？句中形容词young作状语，表示主语的状态。形容词(短语)作状语：(1)结构：可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语。若形容词短语位于后面作状语，一般要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开；若单个形容词位于后面作状语，往往不需要用逗号。(2)位置：通常位于句子主语之前或之后，有时位于句末。(3)作用：一般用于说明主语的状况，可表原因、方式、伴随等。①Atleasttheylivedhappy.至少他们生活得很幸福。②Everynation,big_or_small,_shouldbeequal.每个国家无论大小，都应平等。③Hereturnedfromwar,safe_and_sound.他安然无恙地从战争中归来。④Thirsty_and_eager_to_get_a_rest,_shewentintotherestaurantandseatedherselfatatablebythewindow.由于口渴又想休息，她走进饭店，在靠窗的桌子旁坐下。2．Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie,butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.其优点是，如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死去，而另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。(1)Theadvantageisthat...“优势是……”，that在此引导表语从句。①Theadvantageisthatsmilingcannotonlymakeushappy,butalsopleaseothers.其优势在于微笑不仅仅让我们高兴，还能愉悦别人。(2)其他类似结构有：Thestrengthof...isthat... ……的优势是……Thedisadvantageof...isthat... ……的不足是……Thedrawbackof...isthat... ……的缺点是……Theproblemof...isthat... ……的问题是……Thechanceisthat... 有可能……②The_drawback_ofthepopularityofcarsis_thatitbringsaboutsomuchairpollution.汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。③The_chance_is_thatourteamwillfinishatthetop,asourremainingmatchesaren'ttoodifficult.由于我们队剩余的比赛不太艰难，我们队在结束时有可能名列前茅。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theydecidedtopostponethetrip,owing(owe)tothechangeoftheweather.2．Doesitbotheryouthatthemanisalwaysaskingtolendhimmoney?3．Workinghard,sheisboundto_rank(rank)firstinthecomingexam.4．Itisreportedthatthescientistshavebroughtaseedofmorethan2,000yearsbacktoliferecently.5．Heavyfloodsstruck(strike)theSouthlastweek,causinggreatdamagetothelocalpeople.6．ThenewclothesinthatshoparesobeautifulthatAnnacannotresisttaking(take)acloselookatthem,althoughshecannotaffordthematpresent.7．Insomeexperts'opinion,livingconditions(condition)ontheMarsareveryhardtotolerateandthevolunteershavetofacethefreezingcoldclimate,lonelinessandfear.8．Theadvantageofusingyouruniversityaccommodationisthatyoucangetsupportifyouhaveaproblem.Ⅱ.补全句子1．Heowes_his_success_tohardworkandpractice.他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。2．Theystayedinthesnowforseveraldays,cold_and_hungry.他们在雪地里待了几天，又冷又饿。3．Thedoctordidallhecouldtobring_him_back_to_life.这位医生竭尽全力让他苏醒过来。4．MountainTaistrikesitsbeautybeyonddescriptioninto_our_hearts.泰山把它那无与伦比的美丽深深地印在我们心中。5．Outofcuriosity,Icouldn't_resist/help_glancingathisdiary.出于好奇，我忍不住看了一眼他的日记。6．Onnoconditionshould_you_lose_heartwhenyouareintrouble.当你有困难时，你绝不能失去信心。7．Onemajordisadvantage_of_the_area_is_thatthereislackofpublictransport.这个地区的一大不便之处就是缺少公共交通工具。8．It_bothers_me_not_tohavetoldhimthetruth.→It_bothers_me_thatIhaven'ttoldhimthetruth.→Nothavingtoldhimthetruthput_me_to_bother.一直没有告诉他真相，这让我很苦恼。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高[本课语言点针对练习]Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Hecouldn'tresist(抵抗)laughingatthesightofthefunnycomic.2．Shepickedalargebunchofflowersfortabledecoration(装饰)．3．It'snotnecessarilyabadthingtoadore(崇拜)filmstarsitself.4．Thegreatdrawback(缺点；不利条件)tolivingonamainroadistheconstantnoise.5．Whenasked,sheconfirmedthatshewasgoingtoretire(退休)．6．(2015·湖南高考)SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudentstotalkoverwhatisbothering(困扰)them.7．Economistsareworkingontheassumption(假设)ofaninterestratecut.8．Manyworkerswentonastrike(罢工)forbetterlivingconditions.9．Ithinkourofferisreasonable(合情理的)andrealistic.10．Thebrainaccountsformerely(仅，只，不过)threeper­centofbodyweight.Ⅱ.选词填空fromtimetotime，ingoodcondition，passon，invain，beboundto，dieout，bringbacktolife，shortlyafter1．Wetriedin_vaintocatchthebutterflyontheflower.2．Fashiondesignersarealwayschangingstylesofdressfrom_time_to_timetomakemoremoneyfromladies.3．Toavoidaccidents,it'simportanttocheckthatallyourtoolsarein_good_conditionbeforestarting.4．Don'tlietoyourfather;heis_bound_tofinditoutsoonerorlater.5．Inthisstory,Shakespearewasbrought_back_to_lifebutcan'tfitinwithmodernsociety.6．ItookadayoffworkbecauseIdidn'twanttopass_onmyflutoeveryoneintheoffice.7．Thisspecieshasnearlydied_outbecauseitshabitatisbeingdestroyed.8．Shortly_afteryouleft,amancameintotheofficelookingforyou.[本单元语言点温故练习]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Withtheproblemsettled(settle),weallfelthappy.2．Wetriedinvaintomakehimchangehismind.3．Youcanborrowthebookonconditionthatyoudonotlendittoanyoneelse.4．ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadwastoldbyLinda.5．Thereissomedoubtwhetherheisthemanwhorobbedtheboy.6．Thestudentsobjectedtostudying(study)onSundaysbuttheirparentsdidnot.7．Atthatpoint,itsuddenlystruckmethatIwaswastingmytime.8．Hedidn'tevenbotherto_say(say)thankyou.9．Onlybyhardworkcanwebringourhometownbacktolife.10．BeforeChristmas,decoratorsarebusydecoratingthehousewithdecorations.(decorate)Ⅱ.补全句子1．Modernbicyclesdiffer_from_the_early_ones_inmanymajorways.现代自行车在许多方面不同于早期的自行车。2．Wearesupposedto_undertake_the_responsibilitytoleadalow­carbonlifestyle,whichisofgreatsignificance.我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。3．Mypersistencefinallypaid_offwhentheycalledmeinforaninterview.他们打电话来要我参加面试，我的坚持终于有了回报。4．Thereasonwhy_he_has_an_objection_to_the_planisthatitcoststoomuch.他反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。5．Hewas_forbidden_to_leavethebaseasapunishment.作为惩罚，他被禁止离开基地。6．I'm_in_favour_ofpeopledoingwhatevertheywantaslongastheydon'tbotheranyoneelse.我支持人们做他们想做的事情，只要他们不妨碍别人。7．LastyearJohnearned_twice_as_much_ashisbrotherdid,whohasabetterpositioninabiggercompany.去年约翰的收入是他哥哥的两倍，他在一家更大的公司有一个更好的职位。8．It_struck_me_thatwehadreallylearntagreatdealthere.我觉得我们在那儿确实学到很多东西。9．Anyonewouldbe_cast_downbysuchnews.任何人都会因为这样的消息而感到沮丧。10．Inthepastfewyears,Ihave_accumulated_hundreds_of_books.在过去几年里我已经积累了几百本书。二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.阅读理解At65,mostpeoplearethinkingaboutgettingaseniorcitizenbuspass.ButforMontanawomanEthelMacDonald,who'snowagreat­grandmother,that'swhenshetookuptourcycling.“IlikewhatIliketodowithouthavingtowaitforsomeoneelsetobeready，”explainsthe78­year­old­great­grandmother.Theappealofbikingaloneontheopenroad,shesays,is“justfeelinglikeI'mmyownboss”．Shebegantourcyclingin2003,beginningwithFrance'sAtlanticcoast.AsidefromtripsroundhernativeUnitedStates,she'swheeledherwaythroughtheNetherlands,Germany,Belgium,Scandinaviaandbeyond.HercompaniononherIrelandtripisapinkBromptonfoldingbike,whichshe'susedonfivetripsaroundtheUSsouth.ShekeepsanotherbikewithafriendforhertoursofmainlandEurope.Thisseasonedbikerreckonsshe'straveledatleast10,000miles.“Usuallymytripsarecloseto1,000milesinthreetofourweeks，”MacDonaldsays.SheusesonlinetravelcommunitiesWarmShowersandCouchsurfingtofindaplacetostay,andhostsguestsherselfatherhomeinMissoula,Montana.WarmShowersisexclusively(专门地)fortouringcyclistswhileCouchsurfingisforanytravelerswantingtomeetnewpeopleoropentheirhomestoothers.ByAugust2016,MacDonaldestimatedthatshe'dstayedwith165hostsandhostedaround200guestsofherown.“Itsavesapileofmoney，”sheadmits.“Butfarbeyondthat,therealvalueisthepeopleyoumeet,theinspirationyougetfromeachother,thememoriesandtheconnections.”Shekeepsascrapbook(剪贴簿)filledwithphotosandnotesfromallthepeopleshe'smetathomeandabroad,andkeepsintouchwithherfriendsworldwidethroughFacebookandemail.Whentraveling,sheparticularlylovesthe“bigculturalexchange”thatcomeswithspendingeachnightwithanewhostwithadifferentperspectiveontheworld.Foranyonewhowantstofollowinherfootsteps,heradviceissimple：“Justdoit.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一位自行车旅游达人，她在65岁的时候开始骑车旅行，去过很多地方，走过很多国家，对于她的追随者，她的建议非常简单：“去做吧。”1．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellus?A．Thehistoryofhertourcycling.B．Thereasonforhertakinguptourcycling.C．Therangeofhertourcycling.D．Theequipmentforhertourcycling.解析：选B段落大意题。由第二段内容可知，EthelMacDonald想做什么就做什么，不喜欢等别人，独自一人骑着自行车上路让她感觉她就是自己的主宰，显然，这就是她喜欢骑自行车旅行的原因，故选B项。2．WhatnationalityisEthelMacDonald?A．Belgian. B．French.C．American. D．German.解析：选C推理判断题。由首段中的“ButforMontanawomanEthelMacDonald”(Montana蒙大拿州——美国州名)及第三段中的“AsidefromtripsroundhernativeUnitedStates”(除了在她的祖国美国旅行之外)可知EthelMacDonald是美国人，故选C项。3．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“seasoned”inParagraph4?A．Healthy. B．Wealthy.C．Retired. D．Experienced.解析：选D词义猜测题。前文说她有两辆自行车，用来在不同的地方旅行，这位seasoned的自行车手估算她已经骑行了至少一万英里。对比四个选项，只有experienced“有经验的”符合此处语境。4．HowdoesEthelMacDonaldfindaplacetostay?A．Throughonlinetrav