美国文学欣赏

美国文学欣赏第1页/共49页WashingtonIrving(1783-1859)I.PositioninAmericanliteratureII.Life

III.WorksIV.LiteraryAchievementsV.StyleVI.Contributions第2页/共49页I.PositioninAmericanliteratureFatherofAmericanliterature1.thefirstAmerican(true)literarywriter2.thefirstAmericanmanofletters3.America’sfirstgenuineinternationallybest-sellingauthor第3页/共49页4.thefirstbelletristinAmericanliterature,writingforpleasureatatimewhenwritingwaspracticalandforusefulpurposes-------------------------------------------------------------------------belletristn.纯文学作者第4页/共49页5.thefirstAmericanwritertoearnhislivingsolelybyhispen6.thefirstAmericanliteraryhumorist7.thefirstmodernshortstorywriter8.thefirsttowritehistoryandbiographyasentertainment第5页/共49页9.HisuseofthegothiclooksforwardtoPoe.10.themessengersentfromthenewworldtotheoldworld11.“theAmericanGoldsmith”第6页/共49页MarkTwainalsoiscalledtheFatherofAmericanLiteraturethetrueFatherofAmericanLiterature第7页/共49页II.lifeandliterarycareerBorn:3April1783Birthplace:NewYork,NewYorkDied:28November1859namedforGeorgeWashington;hisparentswereadmirersofGeneralWashington.第8页/共49页第9页/共49页Irvingwasbornin1783,theyearinwhichBenjaminFranklinsignedatParisthetreatyofpeacewithEnglandaftertheRevolutionaryWar.第10页/共49页Irving'smotherwasborninEnglandstudiedlawamusedhimselfbywritingforperiodicalsFrom1804to1806hisolderbrothersfinancedhistourofFranceandItaly.第11页/共49页UnderthepseudonymDiedrichKnickerbocker,hepublishedAHistoryofNewYork(1809),asatirethathasbeencalledthefirstgreatbookofcomicliteraturewrittenbyanAmerican.第12页/共49页第13页/共49页In1820,IrvingpublishedTheSketchBook

underthepseudonymGeoffreyCrayon.ThehitbookmadeIrvingthefirstAmericanauthortogainrealfameinEurope.第14页/共49页Thestories(including“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”)appearedseriallyin1819–20.第15页/共49页TheirenthusiasticreceptionmadeIrvingthebest-knownfigureinAmericanliteraturebothathomeandabroad.第16页/共49页Insearchofcolorfulmaterial,hemadeajourneytothefrontierandwroteabouttheAmericanWestinATourofthePrairies

(《大草原游记》,1835).第17页/共49页Latelife:acolossal5-volumebiographyofGeorgeWashingtonabiographyofChristopherColumbusisstillconsideredaclassic.第18页/共49页Irving’sgrave第19页/共49页III.MajorWorks(1809:AHistoryofNewYork《纽约外史》1820:TheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon,Gent.《见闻札记》Twofolktales:“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”(《睡谷传奇》)1822:BracebridgeHall《布雷斯勃列奇庄园》1824:TalesofaTraveller《游客谈》1835:ATourofthePrairies《大草原游记》第20页/共49页Style

graceful,refined,fluentanddignifiedsentimental,romantic第21页/共49页IV.Comment

ThefirstAmericanauthortowininternationalrecognitionThefirstprosestylistofAmericanromanticismInhisSketchBookappearedthefirstmodernAmericanshortstories.HisessaysaremodelsofperfectEnglish.Irvingcreatedhumorbythewayhesaidthings:1)Hedelightedinmakingironicremarkswhichsayjusttheoppositeofwhathemeant.2)Heuseddignifiedwordstoproduceahalf-mockingeffect.3)Hewasalsofondofexaggeratingtheseriousnessofsituations.Henotonlyprovidedayoungnationwithhumorous,fictionalaccountsofthecolonialpastbutalsohelpedcreateanAmericanmythologywhichismadeupofstoriesabouttheAmericanpastsowidelyreadastobefamiliartonearlyeveryAmerican.第22页/共49页shortstoryaprosenarrativethatisbriefinnaturealsohasmanyofthesamecharacteristicsofanovelincludingcharacters,settingandplot.第23页/共49页However,duetolengthconstraints,thesecharacteristicsanddevicesgenerallymaynotbeasfullydevelopedorascomplexasthosedevelopedforafull-lengthnovel.第24页/共49页Theshortstoryusuallydealswithasingleepisodeandoftenasinglecharacter.Theshortstoryfrequentlyalsolacksdenouement(n.结局),endinginsteadatitsclimax.第25页/共49页manyauthorswellknownforitincludingEdgarAllanPoe,埃德加·爱伦·坡OHenry,欧·亨利ErnestHemingway,海明威Poefirsttheorizedonthestructureandpurposeoftheshortstory.第26页/共49页RipVanWinkle第27页/共49页2.

“RipVanWinkle”(1)introduction(2)RipVanWinkle:theprotagonist(3)Theplot第28页/共49页(1)introductionsimilartoa3rd-centuryChinesetaleofRankaretoldinLionelGilesinAGalleryofChineseImmortalspartofacollectionentitledTheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon第29页/共49页ThestoryissetintheyearsbeforeandaftertheAmericanRevolutionaryWar.第30页/共49页(2)RipVanWinkle:theprotagonistavillagerofDutchdescentlivesinanicevillageatthefootofNewYork'sCatskillMountainsanamiablemanwhosehomeandfarmsufferfromhislazyneglectheislovedbyallbuthiswife第31页/共49页第32页/共49页(3)TheplotOneautumndayheescapeshisnaggingwifebywanderingupthemountains.Thereheencountersstrangelydressedmen,rumoredtobetheghostsofHenryHudson'screw,whoareplayingnine-pins.第33页/共49页Afterdrinkingsomeoftheirliquor,hesettlesdownunderashadytreeandfallsasleep.Hewakesandreturnstohisvillage,wherehefindstwentyyearshavepassed.Hefindsoutthathiswifehasdiedandthathisclosefriendshavediedinawarorgonesomewhereelse.第34页/共49页HeimmediatelygetsintotroublewhenheproclaimshimselfaloyalsubjectofKingGeorgeIII,notknowingthattheAmericanRevolutionhastakenplace.第35页/共49页Anoldlocalrecognizeshim,however,andRip'snowgrowndaughtertakeshimin.Ripresumeshishabitualidleness,andhistaleissolemnlybelievedbytheoldDutchsettlers,withcertainhen-peckedhusbandswishingtheysharedRip'sgoodluck.第36页/共49页VI.TopicsforDiscussion

1.ComparethedifferentsituationsinthevillageforRipVanWinklebeforeandafterhis20-yearsleep.1)changesinhisfamilyhisdaughtergrewupandmarried;hiswifedied;hisdognolongerrecognizedhim.2)changesinthevillageWhenRipreturned,childrenholleredathimandatfirstnoonerecognizedhim.TheportraitofKingGeorgewasreplacedbythatofWashington;aharangueaboutcitizen’srights3)changeinthelifestyle:peacefulinthepastbutnoisyafterRip’slongsleep第37页/共49页2.Whatistheauthor’sopinionofRipVanWinkle?Andwhatisyours?DoyouagreewithRip’sviewastothechangesofstatesandempires?Why?第38页/共49页3.ThisselectionisagoodillustrationofthehumorcharacteristicofIrving.AnalyzehowIrvingcreateshumor.第39页/共49页4.DoyouthinkRip’swifeisalsoawell-developedfigure?Howdoesthisfigureimpressyou?第40页/共49页TheprotagonistRipVanWinkle

good-natured,well-oiled,carefree,happy-go-lucky,showingnointerestinpoliticalaffairsalazyfarmerahen-peckedhusband;anirresponsibleheadofhisfamilyagoodneighbor,readytohelpothers第41页/共49页V.StyleConservativee.g.RipfeltintosleepbeforeAmericanIndependenceandwokeafteritloveofoldworld'stradition“anoldgentlemanspeakingEnglishnotAmericanAimofwriting:entertainment,notmoralizing第42页/共49页masterofagracefulandunobtrusively(不引人注意的)sophisticatedprosestyleGentle,refined,lucid,beautifulClassicalinformthoughromanticinsubjectsGoodatcreatingatmosphere第43页/共49页HumorousFinished(精致完美的)andmusicallanguagevividcharacters第44页/共49页VII.ContributionsA.H