Unit+2+Grammar+and+usage+课件【高效备课精研+知识精讲提升】 高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第二册

GrammarandUsageThepassivevoiceinthepastcontinuoustense

&thepastperfecttenseWespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspoken

by

us.主语谓语宾语主动变被动：主变宾，宾变主，谓语变成be+done被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。Onceuponatime,therewasanisland.Thethreethingsthatpeoletherelikedtodois...Onceuponatime,therewasanisland.Thethreethingsthatpeoletherelikedtodois...EatingOnceuponatime,therewasanisland.Thethreethingsthatpeoletherelikedtodois...EatingOnceuponatime,therewasanisland.Thethreethingsthatpeoletherelikedtodois...EatingSleepingOnceuponatime,therewasanisland.Thethreethingsthatpeoletherelikedtodois...EatingSleepingOnceuponatime,therewasanisland.Thethreethingsthatpeoletherelikedtodois...EatingSleepingHittingDoudouOnceuponatime,therewasanisland.Thethreethingsthatpeoletherelikedtodois...EverydayalwaysEverydayalwaysEverydayalwaysHeis

always

hit

bysomeone

everyday.EverydayYesterdayeveningYesterdayeveningHewas

hit

bysomeone

yesterdayevening.YesterdayeveningTomorroweveningTomorroweveningAndofcourse,Hewillbe

hit

bysomeone

tomorrowevening.TomorroweveningWhatarecommonofthesesentences?Heis

always

hit

bysomeone

everyday.Hewas

hit

bysomeone

yesterdayevening.Andofcourse,Hewillbe

hit

bysomeone

tomorrowevening.Theyareallpassivevoice.Whatarecommonofthesesentences?Heis

always

hit

bysomeone

everyday.Hewas

hit

bysomeone

yesterdayevening.Andofcourse,Hewillbe

hit

bysomeone

tomorrowevening.Whataboutthetense?simplepresentWhataboutthetense?simplepresentsimplepastWhataboutthetense?simplepresentsimplepastsimplefutureWhataboutthetense?Concludetherulespassivevoice:

Concludetherulespassivevoice:

bedone时态Concludetherulespassivevoice:

bedone时态动作Concludetherulespassivevoice:

bedoneTrytofinishthetableTheactivevoiceThepassivevoiceSimplepresentSimplepastSimplefuturepresentcontinousPresentperfectTrytofinishthetableTheactivevoiceThepassivevoiceSimplepresentSimplepastSimplefuturepresentcontinousPresentperfectdo/doesTrytofinishthetableTheactivevoiceThepassivevoiceSimplepresentSimplepastSimplefuturepresentcontinousPresentperfectdo/doesdidTrytofinishthetableTheactivevoiceThepassivevoiceSimplepresentSimplepastSimplefuturepresentcontinousPresentperfectdo/doesdidwilldoTrytofinishthetableTheactivevoiceThepassivevoiceSimplepresentSimplepastSimplefuturepresentcontinousPresentperfectdo/doesdidwilldois/am/aredoingTrytofinishthetableTheactivevoiceThepassivevoiceSimplepresentSimplepastSimplefuturepresentcontinousPresentperfectdo/doesdidwilldois/am/aredoinghave/hasdoneTrytofinishthetableamisare+bedoneam/is/aredone一般现在时was/were+bedonewas/weredone一般过去时willbe+bedonewillbedone一般将来时am/is/aredoing

+bedoneam/is/arebeingdone现在进行时have/hasbeen

+bedonehave/hasbeendone现在完成时TheactivevoiceThepassivevoiceSimplepresentSimplepastSimplefuturepresentcontinousPresentperfectdo/doesdidwilldois/am/aredoinghave/hasdoneis/am/aredoneTrytofinishthetableTheactivevoiceThepassivevoiceSimplepresentSimplepastSimplefuturepresentcontinousPresentperfectdo/doesdidwilldois/am/aredoinghave/hasdoneis/am/aredonewas/weredoneTrytofinishthetableTheactivevoiceThepassivevoiceSimplepresentSimplepastSimplefuturepresentcontinousPresentperfectdo/doesdidwilldois/am/aredoinghave/hasdoneis/am/aredonewas/weredonewillbedoneTrytofinishthetableTheactivevoiceThepassivevoiceSimplepresentSimplepastSimplefuturepresentcontinousPresentperfectdo/doesdidwilldois/am/aredoinghave/hasdoneis/am/aredonewas/weredonewillbedoneis/am/arebeingdoneTrytofinishthetableTheactivevoiceThepassivevoiceSimplepresentSimplepastSimplefuturepresentcontinousPresentperfectdo/doesdidwilldois/am/aredoinghave/hasdoneis/am/aredonewas/weredonewillbedoneis/am/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendoneTrytofinishthetableshouldbe+bedone情态动词shouldbedone过去进行时现在进行时过去完成时情态动词S+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+doneS+will+be+doneS+am/is/are+being+done各种时态的被动语态构成（match)现在完成时一般现在时/一般过去时一般将来时S+am/is/are+doneS+was/were+being+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+done现在进行时的被动语态表示某动作正在被执行结构为is/am/are+beingdone现在完成时的被动语态表示动作已经被完成AB必修二

现在

进行时和现在完成时的被动语态结构为have/hasbeendone.was/weredoing

+bedonewas/werebeingdone过去进行时过去某一时间某事正在被做hadbeen

+bedonehadbeendone过去完成时过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作Fillintheblankswiththerightformsofthegivenverbs.1.Thereadingroom_____________(clean)everyday.2.Theman______________(attack)withaknife.3.–Whydidn’tyoubringyourcomputerhereyesterday?–Oh,it________________(check)bymyneighbourthen.iscleanedwasattackedwasbeingcheckedPractice4.Thetiger______________(feed)somenicemeatatthistimeyesterday.5.Bytheendoflastyear,we______________(produce)manyfruits.6.Hetoldmethattheinjuredman__________________(send)beforethedoctorscamein.wasbeingfedhadproducedhadnotbeensentPracticeExercise 1Thefarmersaidthepolicemencametorescuetimelywhenthey______inthesnowstorm.A.weretrappingB.werebeingtrappedC.wasbeingtrappedD.arebeingtrapped2.—Mike,didyouseeMrSmithintheofficejustnow?—Yes,he______(interview),andhelookedalittlebitnervous.3.Theroad______(repair)whenIgotthere.wasbeinginterviewedwasbeingrepaired时态的选择动词与主语之间的逻辑关系（语态）主谓一致Exercise2Bythetimehediedin2016,he_______(recognize)asoneofthegreatetboxersofalltime.Hesaidtheproject_______,sohecanhavearestnow.We_______(build)fivenewbuildingsbytheendoflastyear.4.Thispllutedriver_______(clean)句子中是否有明显的时间状语或特定的动词需要用过去完成时吗？谓语和主语之间的逻辑关系是被动吗？hadbeenfinishedhadbeenrecognizedhasbeencleanedhadbuiltTurntopage20Nicolewroteablogpostaboutthecityhalf-marathonshetookpartin.Findthesentencesthatusethepassivevoiceinthepastcontinuousandpastperfecttensesandfillinthetablebelow.Passivevoiceinthepastcontinuoustense(过去进行时的被动）Passivevoiceinthepastperfecttense（过去完成时的被动）...Ireflectedonwhathadjustbeenachieved.ExploringtherulesPassivevoiceinthepastcontinuoustensePassivevoiceinthepastperfecttense...Ireflectedonwhathadjustbeenachieved....acityhalf-marathonwasbeingorganizedtohelp......eventhoughmylimitswerebeingtestedlikeneverbefore....alotofmoneyhadbeenraisedforcharity.ExploringtherulesExploringtherulesMyheartwasbeatingrapidlyinmychest

asIfoundashadyplacetorestmytiredbody.Mycheekswerered,andIcouldhearmybeathingheavilyasllooked

upatthebluesky.Whenmybreathing

returnedtonormal,I

refectedon

whathadjust

beenachieved.Sixweeksago,myfriendstoldmethat

acityhalf-marathonforamateurs

wasbeingorganizedtohelpraisemoneyforcharity,andencouragedmetotakepart.Despitemylackofrunningexperience,Iagreed.Inordernottohurtmykneesorankles,Istartedmytrainingverygently

byrunningjustonekilometreonthefirstday.Overthenextsixweeks,I

graduallyincreasedthedistance

lranineachtrainingsessionandalsomadesuretoallowmybodyenoughtimeto

restandrecover

aftereachrun.SoonIwasrunningdistances

Ihadneverthoughtpossible.Thedayofthehalf-marathonfinallyarrivedandIfeltwellprepared.IateaheartybreakfastsoIknewIcouldgetthroughtotheend.Iranmyrace

relaxedandconfident,eventhoughmylimitswerebeingtested

likeneverbefore.Iwas

happytolearnthatalotofmoneyhadbeenraisedforcharity.Ifeltreallyproudofmyself,andmyfriendsandIagreedtorun

inthenextcitymarathon!必背句子WorkingouttherulesThepassivevoiceinthepastcontinuoustenseisusedtorefertoanactionbeingdoneataspecifictimeinthepast.Theverbformis“_________________________”.Thepassivevoiceinthepastperfecttenseisusedtoexpressanactioncompletedbeforeapastaction.Theverbformis“______________________”.was/werebeing+过去分词hadbeen+过去分词Makesentenceswithpassivevoiceinthepresentcontinuousorpresentperfecttenses.TranslaeMakesentenceswithpassivevoiceinthepresentcontinuousorpresentperfecttenses.constructTranslaeMakesentenceswithpassivevoiceinthepresentcontinuousorpresentperfecttenses.constructTheroadisbeingconstructed.TranslaeMakesentenceswithpassivevoiceinthepresentcontinuousorpresentperfecttenses.constructTheroadisbeingconstructed.Theroadhasbeenconstructed.TranslaeTranslaerepairTranslaerepairThecarisbeingrepaired.TranslaerepairThecarisbeingrepaired.Thecarhasbeenrepaired.TranslaeTranslatecookTranslatecookThedishisbeingcooked.TranslatecookThedishisbeingcooked.Thedishhasbeencooked.TranslateTranslatedecorateTranslateThefamilyisdecoratingthetree.

decorateTranslateThefamilyisdecoratingthetree.

Thetreeisbeingdecorated.decorateTranslateThefamilyisdecoratingthetree.

Thetreeisbeingdecorated.Thetreehasbeendecorated.

decorateTranslateObserveandimitateThepostmanhasdeliveredthemail.(Activevoice)Themailhasbeendelivered(bythepostman).(Passivevoice)ObserveandimitateThedecoratorispaintingmyroom.(Activevoice)Myroomisbeingdecorated(bythedecorator).(Passivevoice)ApplyingtherulesApplyingtherulesStep1:Movetheobjecttothebeginningofthesentence.ApplyingtherulesStep1:Movetheobjecttothebeginningofthesentence.Step2:Changetheverbfromactiveformtopassiveform,

whilemaintainingthesentencetense.ApplyingtherulesStep1:Movetheobjecttothebeginningofthesentence.Step2:Changetheverbfromactiveformtopassiveform,

whilemaintainingthesentencetense.Step3:Addthepreposition“by”beforethesubject,ifyou

wanttomentionthesubject,butit’soptional.特殊词汇不能使用被动语态及物动词才有被动，不及物动词没有

1).不及物动词die,rise,come,occur,happen等,动词短语breakout,takeplace,cmetrue,comeintobeing,belongto,consisitof等不能用被动语态

1.Thewarbrokeout.Thewarwasbrokenout.2.Thesunrisesintheeastandfallsinthewest.

3.Greatchanges_____________(take)placeinchinainthepast40years.

Whichoneisright?havetaken12.表状态特征的系动词如:look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,become,fall,grow,keep等要用主动形式表被动意义。如：Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesilkfeelssoft.Yourproposalprovestobepractical.3.read,write,wash,sell,wear,lock等动词与副词等连用表示主语本身的特征时，只能用主动语态表示被动意义,此时不是表示具体动作。如：thepenwritessmoothly.theclothwasheseasily.hisbookssellwell.well,easily,smoothly4.表事物自身开始，结束，运动的动词不用被动语态。这类动词有：start,begin,end,stop,open,close,shut,run,move等Classbeginsat9everyday.Nooneknowswhenthestudyonlinewillend.Theshopopensat6am.andclosesat8pm.

2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”e.g.Theymakeusdoallthework.被动句：Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem.e.g.Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被动句：Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus.e.g.Isawhimwalktoschool.被动句：Hewasseentowalktoschoolbyme.这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。let，have，make，feel，see,watch,hear,notice…)23.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。

e.g.Hegivesmeaflowereveryday.被动1Iamgivenaflowerbyhimeveryday.

被动2A

flowerisgiventomebyhimeveryday.

e.g.Mymotherboughtmeacomputer.被动1Iwasboughtacomputerbymymother.被动2Acomputerwasboughtformebymymother.常见加to的动词有give，send,teach，write,show,pass,ask,tell…常见加for的动词有make,draw,buy…3RewritethefollowingsentencesonthebookThecitygovernmentisbuildinganewcommunitysportscentre.Someworkersarepaintingthewallsintheworkoutrooms.Peoplehavetoldmethenewworkoutroomsareverymodern.Jenny’sPEteacherhasaskedhertomakeanexerciseplan.Theteachersaretestingstudentsontheirknowledgeoffitness.Checktheanswers1.Thecitygovernmentisbuildinganewcommunitysportscentre.Checktheanswers1.Thecitygovernmentisbuildinganewcommunitysportscentre.

Anewcommunitysportscentreisbeingbuilt(bythecitygovernment).Checktheanswers1.Thecitygovernmentisbuildinganewcommunitysportscentre.

Anewcommunitysportscentreisbeingbuilt(bythecitygovernment).2.Someworkersarepaintingthewallsintheworkoutrooms.Checktheanswers1.Thecitygovernmentisbuildinganewcommunitysportscentre.

Anewcommunitysportscentreisbeingbuilt(bythecitygovernment).2.Someworkersarepaintingthewallsintheworkoutrooms.

Thewallsintheworkoutroomsarebeingpainted(bysomeworkers).Checktheanswers1.Thecitygovernmentisbuildinganewcommunitysportscentre.

Anewcommunitysportscentreisbeingbuilt(bythecitygovernment).2.Someworkersarepaintingthewallsintheworkoutrooms.

Thewallsintheworkoutroomsarebeingpainted(bysomeworkers).3.Peoplehavetoldmethenewworkoutroomsareverymodern.

Ihavebeentoldthatthenewworkoutroomsareverymodern.Checktheanswers4.Jenny’sPEteacherhasaskedhertomakeanexerciseplan.Checktheanswers4.Jenny’sPEteacherhasaskedhertomakeanexerciseplan.Jennyhasbeenaskedtomakeanexerciseplan(byherPEteacher).Checktheanswers4.Jenny’sPEteacherhasaskedhertomakeanexerciseplan.Jennyhasbeenaskedtomakeanexerciseplan(byherPEteacher).5.Theteachersaretestingstudentsontheirknowledgeoffitness.Checktheanswers4.Jenny’sPEteacherhasaskedhertomakeanexerciseplan.Jennyhasbeenaskedtomakeanexerciseplan(byherPEteacher).5.Theteachersaretestingstudentsontheirknowledgeoffitness.Studentsarebeingtestedontheirknowledgeoffitness(bytheteachers).Completethereviewwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.ApplyingtherulesCompletethereviewwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.arebeingmadeApplyingtherulesCompletethereviewwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.arebeingmadehavebeenputApplyingtherulesCompletethereviewwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.arebeingmadehavebeenputarebeingtestedApplyingtherulesCompletethereviewwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.arebeingmadehavebeenputarebeingtestedhavebeendesignedApplyingtherulesItriedouttheboxingclassandIlovedit!Thecoach,whowasaboxingchampion,waspatientandprofessional.Attheendoftheone-hourclass,Iwassweatingalloverbutfeltrelaxed.Despitealltheseimprovements,Ihavealsofoundsomethingthatstillneedstobedone:sofarnobasketballcourt(5)

____________(build).IloveplayingbasketballandIhopeabasketballcourtwillbebuiltinthenearfuture.Iamsureitwillmakethesportscentremorepopular.hasbeenbuiltItriedouttheboxingclassandIlovedit!Thecoach,whowasaboxingchampion,waspatientandprofessional.Attheendoftheone-hourclass,Iwassweatingalloverbutfeltrelaxed.Despitealltheseimprovements,Ihavealsofoundsomethingthatstillneedstobedone:sofarnobasketballcourt(5)

____________(build).IloveplayingbasketballandIhopeabasketballcourtwillbebuiltinthenearfuture.Iamsureitwillmakethesportscentremorepopular.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.1.Itwasanamazingachievementforaplayerwho_______________(injure)sorecently.2.Theswimmingpool________________(clean)thoroughlythedaybeforethecompetitionbegan.hadbeeninjuredhadbeencleanedApplyingtherulesB13.Hefeltthathistalents_________________(waste)asabasketballplayerandwaseagerforachange.4.Tomwastoldthathisteammatewontheracewhilehe________________(treat)bytheteamdoctor.5.Photosoftheriders__________________(take)beforetheygotontheirhorses.wasbeingwastedwasbeingtreatedhadbeentakenApplyingtherulesJessicagaveanaccountofherexperienceasavolunteeratthecityhalf-marathon.Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsintheboxbelow.maketrainblowplacecarrycheerBythetimeCathyandI,togetherwithothervolunteersforthecityhalf-marathon,arrivedat4:30a.m.,tables，_______________onbothsidesoftheroad.Bottlesofwaterandpapercups________________todifferenttables,andCathyandIimmediatelywenttohelp.hadbeenplacedwerebeingcarriedB2Thenwetookourplaceatthetableandquicklystartedtoarrangethebottlesandcupssothattheylookedlikeanarmyofsoldiersstandingonparade.Itookastepbackandlookedatthescenewithsatisfaction.maketrainblowplacecarrycheerForthepreviouscoupleofweeks,I_______________onhowtobeavolunteeratthehalf-marathon.Idecidedtovolunteerforthisyear’shalf-marathonafterthechairmanoftheorganizingcommitteevisitedmyschool.Weweretoldthatthecompetitorswouldberaisingmoneyforcharity,andwhileIdidn’tfeelthatIcouldrunthatIhadastrongconstitutiontorunthatfar,Ithoughtthenextbestthingwouldbetohelpthosewhocould.hadbeentrainedmaketrainblowplacecarrycheerAfterallthepreparations_______________,theexcitinghalf-marathonbegan.CathyandIwaitedpatientlyunti