2022-2023年湖南省常德市大学英语6级大学英语六级

2022-2023年湖南省常德市大学英语6级大学英语六级学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Onecauseofeyestrainmentionedinthepassageiswearingglassesfortoolong.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

OneoftheadvantagesofrecordingCDoneselfisthatonehastotalcontrolofhisownmusic.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Theforeignteacherplanstoaddtohisnewcontractthatheshouldget______.

4.AccordingtoSunilBhartiMittal,whatwillrevolutionizethetraditionalmoney-transferbusiness?

A.AllianceoftelephoneoperatorsandMasterCard.

B.Thelargedemandofimmigrantsandmigrantworkers.

C.Sendingmoneybytextmessages.

D.Internationaltelephonenetworks.

5.

Organicagriculturehasbecomeabigindustryasmoreandmorefarmersareswitchingtoit.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Meritwillhavetostartwithamorelucrativelegaljobinsteadofherfavoriteposition—apublic-interestattorneybecauseshehasto______.

7.CuttingbudgetforscienceresearchanddevelopmentfurthersmothersincentivesforAmericanstudentsto______.

8.

In1959withtheirfirstmotorbikeHondaracingteamparticipatein______race,whichwasthemostpopularmotorcycleraceatthattime.

9.

A"SloppyJoe"combinescheeseandhamburgermeattogether.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Buildingawater-conservingsocietyisindispensableinguaranteeingChina'ssustainabledevelopment.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.ForpeoplewhoplantodependonUIforaperiodoftime,theyshouldperiodicallyinform.theunemploymentofficeabout______.

12.

AccordingtoFreud'stheory,dreamscomefrom______.

13.ClosingtheDeal

Salesandmarketingjobsatpharmaceutical(制药的)companiesoffertheopportunitytocombinesciencewithsocialskillsandcreativetalent.HannahHoaginvestigatesthepitch.

ForGeorginaSmith,acareerinmedicalsalescombinedherdualinterestsinscienceandbusiness.Aftercompletingherbachelor'sdegreeinbiomedicalscience,SmithjoinedAstraZenecaasajuniormedicalrepresentative.TodayshedrivesaroundLondonvisitingphysicians,pharmacists,nursesandpracticemanagers,promotinggastrointestinal(胃与肠的)andrespiratory(呼吸的)treatments.

Smithfeelshersciencetraininggivesheranadvantageinsales."Noteveryonehasthatbackground.Itallowsmetotalkonthesamelevelasthephysicianandtounderstandthebroaderpicture,"shesays.

LikeSmith,manysciencegraduateschoosetomoveintothepharmaceuticalindustrybutleavethelabworktoothers.Salesandmarketingcareersallowsciencegraduatestointeractwithavarietyofpeopleinthepharmaceuticalchain,fromresearchersandregulatorstophysiciansandpatientgroups.

IntheUnitedStates,thepharmaceuticalindustryemploysmorethan100,000peopletopayvisitstophysiciansandpromotemedicines.Thereareanother100,000orsoofthesesalesrepresentativesinEurope.Thisface-to-facecontactsellsbillionsofdollarsworthofdrugsannually.From2000to2005thenumberofsalesreps(representatives的缩写)continuedtogrow—byasmuchas60%inEurope.Butnowcompaniesaredownsizingteamsandinvestinginsalesqualityinstead.

"Salesdrivesthebottomlineforthesecorporations,"saysTomRuff,presidentandchiefexecutiveofTomRuffCompany,afirmbasedinManhattanBeach,California,thatspecializesinmedicaldeviceandpharmaceuticalsales,andsalesmanagementrecruiting."Thesalesrepresentativeplaysacriticalrole."

SellCulture

Theprimarypurposeofapharmaceuticalsalesrepistopromotethecompany'sproductstocustomers.Theseareusuallygroupsofphysicians,hospitalsorotherhealthcareproviders.Intheseentry-levelpositions,thereplearnsaboutregulatoryguidelinesandpresentingtheproducttothecustomer.Theyaregenerallyexpectedtomakeeightcallsperday."Asthesalesrepmovesupinlevelfromentrytoseniormedicalrepresentative,theybecomemoreknowledgeableabouttheircustomermarket,takeresponsibilityforpre-andpost-callplanning,andhavemoreadvancedanalyticalskills,"saysMicheleCrocco,directorofhumanresources,commercialoperationsatRocheinNutley,NewJersey.Theymaybecomedivisionalsalesmanagers,shesays,coachingandevaluatingothersalesreps.

Acareerinsalesrequirestherightsortofpersonality.Thosewhoexcelareoutgoingpeoplewhoenjoythechallengeof"makingtheclose",saysChrisJock,vice-presidentandgeneralmanagerforglobaloperationsatKellyScientificResourcesinTroy,Michigan.Theyarepersuasive,competitiveandconfidentself-starters.Ultimately,performanceisjudgedonthenumberofprescriptionssoldandcontactsmade,whichcanmakepharmaceuticalsalesahigh-pressurejob.

Evenentry-levelsalespositionsfrequentlydemandprevioussalesexperience."Companieswantaproventrackrecordofsuccessinsales,"saysRuff,whoaddsthatexperiencesellinginthehealthcareindustryisn'tnecessary.Infact,RuffrecommendsfreshgraduatesgainacoupleofyearssalesexperienceataFortune500companyknownforitssalestrainingbeforeenteringpharmaceuticalsales.

Butpeoplewithsciencebackgrounds,orwhoaregoodatcommunicatingamessageandbuildingrelationships,maybeabletotalktheirwayintoanentry-levelpositionwithoutanysalesexperience.Clinicalexperience,inparticular,israpidlybecomingavaluableassetforprospective

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

TheOctober11GuardianclaimedthattherateofCO2accumulationwasincreasingatanalarmingratein2002and200

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

BBChasstartedsellingepisodesofsomeprogramstodownloadtoAppleiPodsfor______.

16.

Class,income,education,racialandreligiousbackgroundseemtoplayanimportantpartinchoosingamate.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Thegovernments'policestoattractnewresidentsandslowdepopulationprocessmightbecomefutileonce______.

18.

______haddominatedsocietyfor10,000yearsbutdeclinedrapidlyinthe20thcentury.

19.

Today,therearetwiceasmanyinternallydisplacedpersonsasrefugeesintheworld.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.TheperiodanunemployedpersoncangetUIbenefitsislimitedtonomorethan______inmoststates.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.(24)

A.Tosuggestchangesinthetuitionfees.

B.Toimprovethestudyskillsofuniversitystudents.

C.Togivepeopletheopportunitytospeakwithapolitioian.

D.Todiscussgraduationrequirementsforpoliticalsciencemajors.

22.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:Jane,I'mhavingdifficultywithallthetheoreticstuffwearegettinginourcomputercourse.

W:Oh,thatpartIunderstand.WhatIcan'tfigureoutishowtomakeitworkinourprogram.

Q:Whatisthewoman'sproblem?

(11)

A.Hercomputerdoesn'tworkwell.

B.Sheisn'tgettingalongwithherstaff.

C.Shedidn'tregisterforapropercourse.

D.Shecan'tapplythetheorytoherprogram.

23.(19)

A.Reconsiderhispositionlater.

B.Allowthestudenttomissclass.

C.Lowerthestudent'sgrade.

D.Suggestthatthestudenttrytorescheduletheoperation.

24.(36)

A.45minutes.B.60minutes.C.90minutes.D.40minutes.

25.【B6】

26.(22)

A.Thetransformer.B.Thebattery.C.Thefuses.D.Thewires.

27.听力原文：W:Mike,I'vegottwoticketsforafilmthisevening.Itstartsat6:00butIwon'tleaveofficeuntil4:30.I'mafraidIcan'tgohomeforsupper.

M:Don'tworry.I'llpickyouupat4:30.Andwe'lleatoutside.

Q:Whatmightbethetwospeakers'relationship?

(13)

A.Bossandemployee.

B.Bossanddriver.

C.Colleagues.

D.Couple.

28.(21)

A.Savemoney.

B.Attendeveningclass.

C.Lookforagooddepartment.

D.Workhard.

29.(26)

A.Apen.B.Aschoolbag.C.Abook.D.Apencil.

30.(35)

A.Massachusetts.B.Texas.C.California.D.Connecticut.

31.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthis(36)______dropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-yearoldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.Butthegreatuniversalofmale(37)______isbeingchanged.Now,boybabies(38)______almostaswellasgirlsdo.Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavy(39)______almostcertaindeath.Todayitmakesalmostno(40)______.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.

Thereisanotherwayto(41)______evolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.Fewpeopleareas(42)______asinthepast.Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecome(43)______.Again,(44)____________.

Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.(45)____________.Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they"lookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhisComprehension."Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.(46)____________.

32.(34)

A.Informationinshort-termmemoryisdifferentfromthatinlong-termmemoryonlyincontent.

B.Long-termmemorycanbeachievedonlybytraining.

C.Itiseasiertotestshort-termmemorythanlong-termmemory.

D.Henninggaveatestonvocabularytohissubjects.

33.(32)

A.Whenyoucompleteclassroominstruction.

B.Thefederalgovernment,settherulesforgettingalicense.

C.Youneedtotakeatesttogetalicense.

D.ALearner'sPermitisnotacertificateensuringyoutodrive.

34.

【B4】

35.(40)

36.

【B9】

37.

【B2】

38.听力原文：M:Betty,youspeakseverallanguages,don'tyou?

W:Yes,IspeakSpanishandFrench.

M:Andwhathelpedyoumostinlearningthoselanguages?

W:Whathelpedmemost...Well,Istudiedbothlanguagesinhighschool,andI'mstillstudyingSpanishhereattheuniversity,butIthinkthattravelhasprobablybeenthemosthelptome.Yousee,I'vebeenluckyinthatI'velivedinEurope.Believeme,Ididn'tspeakverywellbeforeImovedthere.

M:You'reright,Betly.Afterstudyingalanguage,practiceisveryuseful.Whenyouliveinacountrywherethelanguageisspoken,it'sideal.But,youknow,sometimesit'sdifficulttomakefriendsinanewplace,evenwhenthepeopleareveryfriendly.

W:Yes,Iknowwhatyoumean.Especiallyifyoudon'tspeakmylanguagetoowell.IbadsomeproblemswhenIfirstmovedtoEurope.

M:And,ofcourse,somepeopleareshy.

W:That'strue.

M:Betty,whetherornotI'mlivinginacountrywherethelanguageisspoken,Ialwaysgotomovies,andwheneverIcan,IwatchTVorlistentotheradiointhelanguageI'mtryingtolearn.

W:Metoo.Andreadingisanothergoodwaytolearn.Booksaxegood,butIthinkthatnewspapersandmagazinesareevenbetter.

M:SodoIButIdon'tbelievethatit'spossibletotakeadvantageofpracticeopportunitieswithoutsomeknowledgeofthelanguagefirst.

W:Sine.Firstit'sagoodideatostudygrammar,vocabulary.

M:...andlistening,perhapsevenreading.

W:Thenpracticeisvery,very,helpful.

(20)

A.Makingfriendsinaforeigncountry.

B.SpanishandFrench.

C.ForeignTV,radioandothermedia.

D.Learningaforeignlanguage.

39.听力原文：Educationissoimportantinthewholeworld.Everycountrytakesacertainamountofmoneyfromtariffs.Accordingtodifferentcountries,therearedifferentstrategies.EducationisrequiredandfreeforeverychildintheUnitedStates.Mostchildrenstartbytheageofsix.Theyattendeightyearsofelementaryschoolandfouryearsofhighschool(orsecondaryschool).(32)Themoneyforfreepublicschoolscomesfromtaxes,(33)andeachstateisresponsibleforitsowneducationalsystem.Statelegislaturessettheeducationalrequirementsbutleavethemanagementoftheschoolsinthehandsofthelocal'communities.Moststatesrequiretheirchildrentogotoschooluntilacertainage.Thisagevariesfrom16to18yearsaccordingtothelawsoftheindividualstates.TheFederalgovernmentcontributesfundstothestatesforadditionalschoolsandschoolservices.

Aftergraduationfromhighschool,astudentcanstarthishighereducationinatwo-yearcollege,afour-yearcollege,auniversity,oraspecializedprofessionalschooleitherpublicorprivate.Mostcollegesadmitstudentsonthebasisoftheirhigh-schoolrecords.(35)Studentsworktohelppaytheircollegeexpenses.(34)Only2percentofthepopulationofthecountrycannotreadandwrite.

Duringthewholelifeofaperson,mostofthetimewasspentinstudying.Andweshouldputourenergyandyouthtothevaluablecareer.Studymoreandlearnmore.

(33)

A.FromtheFederalgovernment.

B.Fromthestatelegislatures.

C.Fromtaxes.

D.Fromtheparentsoftheschoolchildren.

40.(25)

A.Indifferent.B.Sympathetic.C.Angry.D.Annoyed.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

Whyistheexampleofdieselengineusedinthepassage?

A.Tochallengetheargumentthaterrorsinengineeringdesignareunavoidable.

B.Tosupporttheideathatengineeringdesigninvolvesmorethanasenseofform.

C.Tocriticizetheviewthatmathematicsisanecessarypartofthestudyofdesign.

D.Toquestionstheideathatdesigncoursesform.apartofengineeringcurricula.

42.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Afewyearsagoitwasfashionabletospeakofagenerationgap,adivisionbetweenyoungpeopleandtheirelders.Parentscomplainedthatchildrendidnotshowthemproperrespectand(47)______,whilechildrencomplainedthattheirparentsdidnotunderstandthematall.Whathadgonewrong?Whyhadthegenerationgapsuddenlyappeared?Actually,thegenerationgaphasbeenaroundforalongtime.Manycriticsarguethatitisbuiltintothe(48)______ofoursociety.

Oneimportantcauseofthegenerationgapistheopportunitythatyoungpeoplehavetochoosetheirown(49)______Inmoretraditionalsocieties,whenchildrengrowup,theyareexpectedtoliveinthesameareaastheirparents,tomarrypeoplethattheirparentsknowand(50)of,andoftentocontinuethefamily(51)______.Inoursociety,youngpeopleoftentravelgreatdistancesfortheireducations,moveoutofthefamilyhomeatanearlyage,marryorlivewithpeoplewhomtheirparentshavenevermet,andchooseoccupationsdifferentfromthoseoftheirparents.

Inourupwardly(52)______society,parentsoftenexpecttheirchildrentodobetterthantheydid:tofindbetterjobs,tomakemoremoney,andtodoallthethingsthattheywereunabletodo.Often,how-ever,the(53)______thatparentshavefortheirchildrenareanothercauseofthe(54)______betweenthem.Often,theydiscoverthattheyhaveverylittleincommonwitheachother.

Finally,thespeedatwhichchangestakeplaceinoursocietyisanothercauseofthe(55)______betweenthegenerations.Inatraditionalculture,elderlypeoplearevaluedfortheir(56)______,butinoursocietytheknowledgeofalifetimemaybecomeobsoleteovernight.

WordBank:

A)gapI)ambitions

B)mobileJ)fabric

C)reapK)approve

D)justificationL)predominant

E)divisionM)occupation

F)equalityN)dreadful

G)wisdomO)life-styles

H)obedience

43.

Thenation'seconomicfocalpointwasnowfocusedontheimportanceof______.

44.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

WhenitcomestopubliceducationintheUnitedStates,freemarketsandfleemindsaremutuallyexclusive.Recentcommercialventuresintheclassroomdemonstratethatwhencorporationsattempttocashinonthecrisisineducation,theyaremoreinterestedinyouthaspassiveconsumers--tobemarketedtothehighestbidder-thanasactivethinkers.Themostglaringoftheseventures(企业)isChannelone,acommercialTVprogramwhichWhittleCommunicationsbroadcastsintoalmost12,000juniorhighandhighschoolsacrossthecountry.Foreachthirty-secondcommercialonChannelOne(theprogramcontainstwominutesofcommercialsperbroadcast),Whittlegarners(收取)＄195,455fromadvertisersincludingBurgerKing,Procter&Gamble,andReebok.

Thislessoninclassroomcommercialismdefinesdemocracy--notascivicresponsibilityorcommunityinvolvement--butasbuyer'schoice.Commercialismreduceseducationtoaspectatoreventandstudentstoatargetaudience.Butstudentsaredefyingmarketers'visionofthemaseasyconvertstobrandloyalty.Youtharenotjustsittingbackmemorizingadvertisingjingles:increasingly,theyaretakingactionagainstcommercialsintheirschools.

StudentsatCoronadoHighSchoolinCoronado,California,forinstance,wroteaneditorialintheirschoolpaperheadlined"ChannelOneInvadesCoronadohighSchool"whichasked:"DoyougetthefeelingthatBigBrotherwillbewatching?Ido....WemustinvestigatethemakersofChannelonemorebeforeweputsuchahugeamountoftrustintheirhands....Sellingadvertisingmutesoutofourschooldayexploitstheentireeducationalprocess.Itcheapensit.Educationnolongerbecomesalearningprocess,itbecomesabillboard."

Manyyoungpeople,however,feelthattheissueismoreaboutfreedomthanitisthemotivesofcorporationsthatexploiteducationforadvertisingpurposes.

Whatisthemaintopicofthisarticle?

A.Corporationsattempttocashinonthecrisisineducation.

B.Communicationsbroadcastsintoalmost12,000juniorhighandhighschools.

C.Educationnolongerbecomesalearningprocess.

D.Thisarticleillustratesfreemarketsandfreemindsaremutuallyexclusive.

45.

welearnfromthepassagethatcoordinatedeffortswillbemadebyvariousU.S.governmentagenciesto.

A.refusetherenewingofexpiredvisas

B.wardoffterroristsuspectsattheborder

C.preventtheforgeryofimmigrationpapers

D.limitthenumberofimmigrantstotheU.S.

46.

AccordingtoParagraph2,VSP,thetinyurbanmotorist'sdream,wasadoptedmainlyinthe1970s______.

A.byenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutairpollution

B.onlybypeoplewhosoughtafterfashion

C.inruralareaspoorlyservedbypublictransportation

D.inbigcitiescrowdedwithstreetcars

47.

Whatdowelearnaboutexpressionism?

A.Itsobjectivewastodepictromanceandcarchases.

B.Itsaimwastodisplayman'svarioustypesofemotions.

C.ItwasdevelopedinAmericainthe1920s.

D.Itsmotivationwastoshowman'svariedfacialexpressions.

48.

Aboutthevocabularies,theauthorbelievedthatlanguages,whethercivilizedornot,have______.

A.grammaticalstructures

B.anabilitytotransferideas

C.theirownsoundpatterns

D.thepotentialforexpandingvocabulary

49.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Icebergsareamongnature'smostspectacularcreations,andyetmostpeoplehaveneverseenone.Avagueairofmysteryenvelopsthem.Theycomeintobeing—somewhere—infaraway,frigidwaters,amidthunderousnoiseandsplashingturbulence,whichinmostcasesnoonehearsorsees.Theyexistonlyashorttimeandthenslowlywasteawayjustasunnoticed.

Objectsofsheerestbeauty,theyhavebeencalled.Appearinginanendlessvarietyofshapes,theymaybedazzlinglywhite,ortheymaybeglassyblue,greenorpurple,tintedfaintlyorindarkerhues.Theyaregraceful,stately,inspiringincalm,sunlitseas.

Buttheyarealsocalledfrighteninganddangerous,andthattheyare—inthenight,inthefog,andinstorms.Eveninclearweatheroneiswisetostayasafedistanceawayfromthem.Mostoftheirbulkishiddenbelowthewater,sotheirunderwaterpartsmayextendoutfarbeyondthevisibletop.Also,theymayrolloverunexpectedly,churningthewatersaroundthem.

Icebergsarepartsofglaciersthatbreakoff,driftintothewater,floataboutawhile,andfinallymelt.Icebergsafloattodayaremadeofsnowflakesthathavefallenoverlongages(fftime.Theyembodysnowsthatdrifteddownhundreds,ormanythousands,orinsomecasesmaybeamillionyearsago.Thesnowsfellinpolarregionsandoncoldmountains,wheretheymeltedonlyalittleornotatall,andsocollectedtogreatdepthsovertheyearsandcenturies.

Aseachyear'ssnowaccumulationlayonthesurface,evaporationandmeltingcausedthesnowflakesslowlytolosetheirfeatherypointsandbecometinygrainsofice.Whennewsnowfellontopoftheold,itturnedtoicygrains.Soblanketsofsnowandicegrainsmountedlayeruponlayerandwereofsuchgreatthicknessthattheweightoftheupperlayerscompressedthelowerones.Withtimeandpressurefromabove,themanysmallicegrainsjoinedandchangedtolargercrystals,andeventuallythedeepercrystalsmergedintoasolidmassofice.

Thispassagegivesanintroductionof______.

50.Whatistrueabouttheproposedruleonmercury'?

A.Itwillprohibittheemissionofmercurypollutantstrictly.

B.ItwillhelpU.S.governmentdealwithclimateproblem.

C.ItwillhindertheU.S.Congressfrompassingabillongreenhousegases.

D.Itwillencouragetheproductionofmorepowerfromrenewablesources.

51.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Publicityoffersseveralbenefits.Therearenocostsformessagetimeorspace.Anadinprimetimetelevisionmaycost$250,000to$500,000ormoreperminute,whereasafive-minutereportonanetworknewscastwouldnotcostanything.However,therearecostsfornewsreleases,apublicitydepartment,andotheritems.Aswithadvertising,publicityreachesamassaudience.Withinashorttime,newproductsorcompanypoliciesarewidelyknown.

Credibilityaboutmessagesishigh,becausetheyarereportedinindependentmedia.Anewspaperreviewofamoviehasmorebelievabilitythananadinthesamepaper,becausethereaderassociatesindependencewithobjectivity.Similarly,peoplearemorelikelytopayattentiontonewsreportsthanads.Readersspendtimereadingthestories,buttheyflipthroughtheads.Furthermore,theremaybe10commercialsduringahalf-hourtelevisionprogramorhundredsofadsinamagazine.Featurestoriesaremuchfewerinnumberandstandoutclearly.

Publicityalsohassomesignificantlimitations.Afirmhaslittlecontrolovermessages,theirtiming,theirplacement,ortheircoveragebyagivenmedium.Itmayissuedetailednewsreleasesandfindonlyportionscitedbythemedia;andmediahavetheabilitytobemuchmorecriticalthenacompanywouldlike.Forexample,in1982,P&Gfacedasubstantialpublicityproblemoverthemeaningofits123-year-oldcompanylogo(标识语).Afewministersandcitizensbelievedthatthesymbolwassacrilegious(渎圣的).Thesebeliefswerecoveredextensivelybythemediaandresultedinthefirmreceiving15,000phonecallsabouttherumorinJunealone.Tocombatthisnegativepublicity,thefirmissuednewsfeaturingprominentclergythatrefutedtherumors,andthreatenedtosuethosepeoplespreadingthestories.Themediacooperatedandthefalserumorwastemporarilyputtorest.However,in1985,negativepublicitybecamesodisruptive(制造混乱的)thatP&Gdecidedtoremovethelogofromitsproducts.

Afirmmaywantpublicityduringcertainperiods,suchaswhenanewproductisintroducedornewstoreopened,butthemediamaynotcovertheintroductionoropeninguntilafterthetimeitwouldaidthefirm.Similarly,mediadeterminetheplacementofastory;itmayfollowareportoncrimeorsports.Finally,themediaascertainwhethertocoverastoryatallandtheamountofcoverage.Acompany-sponsoredjobsprogrammightgounreportedorreceivethreesentencecoverageinalocalnewspaper.

Publicitycancoverlargenumbersofaudiencesinashorttimeanditscostsarelowerthan______.

52.

Whichofthefollowingistrueoftheworkintheneweconomy?

A.Aworker'sincompetenceinshiftingbetweenroles.

B.Moderatecompetitioninresearchandeducation.

C.Theemphasisofcollectiveeffortsdirectedatatask.

D.Morespecializedjobsresultingfromdivisionoflabor.

53.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshavealonghistoryandarecloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sothatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescriber,tothet